Structural characterization of the exopolysaccharide produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JM033 and evaluation of its ability to regulate immunity and intestinal flora.

The probiotic strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JM033 (B. amyloliquefaciens JM033), isolated from the traditional Chinese fermented food Sufu (also known as Fu-ru or fermented bean curd), is distinguished by its high production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). The EPS (BAP-1) produced by this strain was purified and its structure analyzed.

An integrated analysis strategy for characterization of chromones and coumarins from Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. by UHPLC-QTOF-MS.

This study aimed to employ a comprehensive data screening strategy to identify the chromones and coumarins present in Saposhnikovia divaricata (SD). Initially, the five-point mass defect filter (MDF) method was utilized to screen the respective three subclasses of chromones and coumarins for MS. In comparison to the traditional MDF method, the number of interference peaks was reduced from 3462 to 1053, representing a decrease of 69.

Volatile oils of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill alleviates Parkinson's disease by activating the Nrf2 pathway to positively regulate autophagy and oxidative stress.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, which is frequently used in health products and drinks, is recognized for its high content of essential oils that could have protective effects against PD, despite the lack of complete understanding of its pharmacological mechanisms. This research aims to examine how ESC can affect autophagy signaling pathways and activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to effectively decrease oxidative damage, thus shedding light on the possible anti-PD effects of this treatment.

Strategy for enhanced soil lead passivation and mitigating lead toxicity to plants by biochar-based microbial agents.

In the study, bone char (BC) backed biochemical composite coupling with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (CFB-P) was prepared to explore the passivation performance of lead (Pb) in soil and the mitigation effect on plant growth under Pb stress by measuring change of soil Pb speciation, plant growth parameters and physiological and biochemical indexes. After 30 d of remediation, addition of 1 % CFB-P could effectively reduce 55.43 % of Pb labile fractions and converted them into Fe-Mn oxide and residual forms.

Ozone oxidation of actual waste leachate coupled with culture of microalgae for efficient lipid production under different temperatures.

The production of waste leachate (WL) has been increasing annually with the growth of population and the improvement of living standards, but it has become a difficult task to treat and resource it. Furthermore, the shortage of energy is becoming more serious, so the development of renewable energy instead of expensive fossil fuels is especially essential for productive life. This study constructed a system to oxidize WL by ozone at different temperatures and used it as a culture substrate for microalgae to produce biodiesel.

Molecular insights into dye decolorization performance and mechanisms under carbon limited conditions in a membrane aeration-based bioelectrochemical system.

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) is a promising strategy for azo dyes decolorization enhancement in carbon-limited condition, but decolorization products need further aerobic mineralization. Here, a counter-diffusion biofilm-supported BES (E-MABR) was designed to achieve the decolorization, mineralization and denitrogenation of Alizarin Yellow R (AYR) in electron-deficient wastewater. The introduction of electrodes facilitated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly proteins (PN), whose content in the cathodic biofilm was 2.

New Insights into Quercetin Restoring the Impairment of Testicular Angiogenesis Induced by Silicon Dioxide Particles in Food: Inhibiting ROS/PPARγ-Mediated Ferroptosis.

Silicon dioxide particles (SiO) have been widely used in food additives. Increasing data demonstrate that SiO can cause multisystem damage through oxidative stress. Quercetin (Que) is one of the most popular nutritional antioxidants.

Investigation of changes in the in vitro digestive properties of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) during postmortem storage based on protein degradation and oxidation.

Dynamic changes in the in vitro digestive properties of postmortem mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at various intervals (0, 4, 24, 72, 120, and 168 h) under refrigerated conditions (4 °C) were evaluated based on protein degradation and oxidative reactions. Results indicated that protein degradation and oxidation intensified over storage time, as evidenced by increases in total viable counts, β-sheet content, and surface hydrophobicity, alongside decreases in α-helix content and fluorescence intensity (p < 0.

Plant viruses convergently target NPR1 with various strategies to suppress salicylic acid-mediated antiviral immunity.

NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), the receptor for salicylic acid (SA), plays a central role in the SA-mediated basal antiviral responses. Recent studies have shown that two different plant RNA viruses encode proteins that suppress such antiviral responses by inhibiting its SUMOylation and inducing its degradation, respectively. However, it is unclear whether targeting NPR1 is a general phenomenon in viruses and whether viruses have novel strategies to inhibit NPR1.

Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to precipitation change in a semiarid grassland.

Carbon (C) fluxes in semiarid grasslands subject to precipitation variability play a critical role in the terrestrial C cycle. However, how ecosystem C fluxes respond to variability in precipitation (both decreases and increases precipitation along a gradient) remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a three-year field experiment in a semiarid grassland, with six precipitation treatments (precipitation decreased by 70%, 50%, and 30% [P-70%, P-50%, and P-30%], natural precipitation [P+0%], and precipitation increased by 30% and 50% [P+30% and P+50%]) to examine how variations in precipitation influence ecosystem C fluxes, specifically focusing on gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem CO exchange (NEE).

Photodegradation of Diquat in water under UV irradiation: Identification of transformation products and elucidation of photodegradation pathway.

In aquatic settings, photodegradation is a significant non-biodegradation method of pesticide degradation. In this investigation, the photodegradation of the herbicide Diquat in aqueous solution was examined under distinct conditions and concentrations. The initial concentration of Diquat and the pH value of the water environment significantly affected the half-life of photodegradation of Diquat, and the opposite was true for different types of water.

Ammoniation of filter residues from corn straw filtering the microalgae cultured in urine wastewater.

Microalgae rich in enzymatic proteins and trace minerals are an increasingly favorable feed additive. Nevertheless, the harvesting and drying expenditures account for 20%-30% of the total microalgae production costs, restricting microalgae's extensive application. Unprocessed microalgae could directly participate in straw ammonification feed production by filtering microalgae solution using straw and then ammoniating the filter residues containing straw and microalgae.

First report of Fruit rot caused by on Chinese plum () in China.

Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is planted in many places in China. In July 2021, plums were found to be covered with unfamiliar yellow mycelia on the plum trees and on the ground in the campus of Northeast Agricultural University in Harbin.

Effects of different binding strategies of D-galactose and glycinin on the thermal gelation behavior of the composite system.

In this study, non-covalent and covalent interactions between D-galactose (DG) and glycinin (11S) were induced using a pH-shift method. This approach represents an innovative advancement in existing protein-monosaccharide binding strategies. Furthermore, the study investigated the resulting changes in gel behavior and the properties of the composite thermal gels.

The intricate ballet of inflammation and autophagy: Insights from Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected HD11 cells.

Objectives: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) infection often leads to inflammatory damage and immunosuppression. Macrophages play a crucial role as the primary immune defense in chickens, with their inflammatory response and autophagy levels critical.

Fabrication of composite gels based on soy protein isolate and κ-carrageenan and delivery of riboflavin: insights into microstructure, gel properties and digestive characteristics.

Background: Riboflavin, a water-soluble vitamin, is not synthesized in the human body. Hence, developing riboflavin carriers that can be retained in the gastrointestinal system for longer periods can facilitate riboflavin supplementation.

Results: The present study aimed to prepare a soy protein isolate (SPI)-κ-carrageenan composite gel-mediated riboflavin delivery model.

Incorporation of transglutaminase potentially promoted the gelling properties and sensorial attributes of lysine-rich salt-reduced frankfurters.

This study was designed to investigate the promotive effect of transglutaminase (TG) on the gelling properties and sensorial attributes of lysine (Lys)-rich salt-reduced frankfurters. The results revealed that the addition of 0.3% TG yielded acceptable cooking loss and emulsion stability in Lys-rich salt-reduced frankfurters, significantly improved their textural parameters, and visibly optimised their microstructure.

Distribution characteristics and seasonal variation of microbial communities in powdered infant formula processing environment.

The powdered infant formula (PIF) processing environment, as an industrial production site, provides a habitat conducive to microbial aggregation and colonization. However, the distribution and dynamics of microbial communities within this environment remain inadequately characterized. In this study, microbial community analysis was conducted using high-throughput sequencing on samples collected from the full production chain of 8 PIF factories.

Maillard reaction products of soybean protein hydrolysates and reducing sugar: Structure and flavor insights.

Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were prepared at high temperatures using soybean protein hydrolysates (SPH) and reducing pentose (xylose and arabinose), hexose (galactose and glucose), and disaccharide (maltose), and their potential as flavoring in plant protein foods was evaluated. The results indicated that, after sugar was involved in the reaction, the unfolding of proteins enabled aromatic amino acid residues to enter a more hydrophobic environment, contributing to the reduction of bitterness in MRPs and formation of caramelization. This effect was partially attributed to the interaction forces, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, that existed between the sugars and SPH involved in Maillard reaction.

Preparation and characterization of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles based on soy protein isolate-oat β-glucan extrudates: Interaction, structure, stability, and in vitro release properties.

Soy protein isolate (SPI)-oat β-glucan (OG) conjugates produced by extrusion were used to prepare nanoparticle carriers for improving quercetin stability. The 70-130 °C SPI-OG extrudate nanoparticles exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency (EE, 75.63-80.

Effects of seed size on soybean performance: germination, growth, stress resistance, photosynthesis, and yield.

Background: Seed size is an important quality trait in crops and is one of the key factors affecting crop yield; however, how seed size affects growth and physiological differences, stress resistance, and yield characteristics is unclear.

Methods: In this study, the effects of different seed sizes on germination, morphology, physiological characteristics, and yield traits of soybean were studied by combining germination, pot, and field experiments using Kenfeng 16 and Heinong 84 varieties.

Results: The germination potential, rate, and index, as well as the vigor index of very small seeds, were significantly lower than those of other seed sizes.

Autocrine peptides inhibited the formation of VBNC state of Staphylococcus aureus.

Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Staphylococcus aureus cannot form colonies on a medium, causing a false negative result in culture-based detection, which is a potential hazard to human health. In this study, four peptides (PVS-1, PVS-2, PVS-3, and PVS-4) were identified in the suspension of S. aureus during the VBNC state induction.

Nano-selenium strengthens potato resistance to potato scab induced by spp., increases yield, and elevates tuber quality by influencing rhizosphere microbiomes.

Introduction: The application of selenium could directly or indirectly modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in crops, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on crop health. However, there are few studies on the effects of nano-selenium fertilizer on potato scab caused by spp., potato yield and tuber quality.

Polymerization of beneficial plant height QTLs to develop superior lines which can achieving hybrid performance levels.

Unlabelled: Heterosis, a key technology in modern commercial maize breeding, is limited by the narrow genetic base which hinders breeders from developing superior hybrid varieties. By integrating big data and functional genomics technologies, it becomes possible to create new super maize inbred lines that resemble hybrid varieties through the aggregation of multiple QTL parental advantage loci. In this study, we utilized a combination of resequencing and field selfing selection methods to develop three pyramiding QTL lines (PQLs) (PQL4, 6, and 7), each containing 15, 12, and 12 QTL loci respectively.

Efficient and Rapid Extraction of Gold from E-Waste via Tailoring the Skeleton Environment of Covalent Organic Framework.

The recovery and repurposing of noble metal from electronic waste has attracted significant attention due to the tremendous benefits to the economy and environment but is of great challenge. Herein, a two-dimensional oxygen-rich COF material, named TbDa-COF, was fabricated via integrating 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB) and oxygen-rich 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine (DHB) into a π-conjugated framework. TbDa-COF permits selective gold recovery through local coordination and electrostatic interaction, which is then followed via in situ reduction to form gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within its skeleton.