Maternal Education, Fertility, and Child Survival in Comoros.

Reduction in child mortality is a demographic progress of significant socioeconomic development relevance in Africa. This paper analyzed the effect of maternal education and fertility on child survival in the Islands of Comoros. The 2012 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data were used.

Aqueous extract of broccoli mediated synthesis of CaO nanoparticles and its application in the photocatalytic degradation of bromocrescol green.

CaO nanoparticles have been prepared using CaCl and aqueous extract of broccoli as a precursor and reducing agent, respectively. Different volumes of the aqueous broccoli extract were utilised to obtain Ca(OH) and subsequent calcination gave CaO nanoparticles. The synthesised CaO was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).

RBBP6 expressional effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines with distinct p53 statuses.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women and has a higher incidence rate than lung cancer. Its tumor progression partially results from inactivation of p53 which is caused by overexpression of ubiquitous regulatory proteins possessing p53-binding domain. RBBP6 is regarded as one of the ubiquitous proteins because of its RING finger-like domain which enables it to possess E3 ligase activity.

Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Properties of Polyacrylonitrile-Moringa Extract Nanofibers.

A simple and cost-effective material composed of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing different concentrations of moringa (MR) leaf extracts was fabricated for antimicrobial properties and wound dressing. The fabricated materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. The antibacterial sensitivity of the developed polyacrylonitrile-moringa extract nanofibers was evaluated against and by the agar diffusion method.

Hydrogen Bonding Interactions of Chlorotoluene with 1-Alkanol Analyzed by Thermodynamic, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Density Functional Theory, and Natural Bond Orbital.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been employed to obtain information about the nature of interactions in the liquid solutions of pure solvents and their mixtures of chlorotoluene (MCT) with 1-alkanol systems at different mole fractions. Furthermore, densities (ρ) and speeds of sound () of binary mixtures of MCT with a set of five 1-alkanols, namely, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol, were measured as a function of composition at 298.15 K.

Physicochemical and sensory qualities of complemenatry meal made from sprouted and unsprouted sorghum, Irish potato and groundnut.

Weaning food was produced from the blends of sprouted and unsprouted sorghum-Irish potato, and groundnut flour. In the developed weaning foods, moisture content ranged from 8.44% to 12.

Water intake among Ghanaian youth aged 15-34 years: quantitative and qualitative evidence.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is on the increase in Ghana, and the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages may be a determinant. The aim of this study is to use quantitative and qualitative data to investigate water intake among Ghanaian youth 15-34 years old.

Methods: The 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data is used to investigate the effects of socio-demographic factors on water intake behaviours of a sample of 2771 male and 2806 female youth aged 15-34 years old in Ghana.

Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites of Selected Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Corrosion Inhibition Studies on Mild Steel in HCl Solution.

Nanocomposites of ZnO and some selected polymers, namely, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), and polyacrylonitrile, were synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The FTIR and UV-vis spectra confirmed the successful formation of the polymer nanocomposites. TGA results revealed that the synthesized polymer nanocomposites are more thermally stable than the polymers alone.

Healthcare waste management practices and safety indicators in Nigeria.

Background: Adequate management of healthcare waste (HCW) is a prerequisite for efficient delivery of healthcare services. In Nigeria, there are several constraints militating against proper management of HCW. This is raising some environmental concerns among stakeholders in the health sector.

Bis(μ-,-di-allyl-dithio-carbamato)bis[(,-di-allyl-dithio-carbamato)cadmium].

The title compound, [Cd(CHNS)], is a neutral dinuclear cadmium(II) complex bearing four bis ,-di-allyl-di-thio-carbamate ligands coordinating to two Cd cations. In each of the monomeric subunits, there are four S atoms of two di-thio-carbamate ligands [Cd-S = 2.5558 (3), 2.

,'-Dialkylcystine Gemini and Monomeric -Alkyl Cysteine Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors on Mild Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl Solution: A Comparative Study.

Gemini surfactant, ,'-dialkylcystine 2(CCys), derived from cystine, and a monomeric -alkyl cysteine counterpart, (CCys), were synthesized and purified. The characterization of surfactants 2(CCys) and (CCys) was made by Fourier transform infrared, H NMR, and elemental analysis. The effect of 2(CCys) and (CCys) on mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl solution was explored as a function of their concentration and electrolyte temperature by means of gravimetric and electrochemical experiments (potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), surface analytical techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)) and theoretical study.

Biopolymer from Tragacanth Gum as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl Solution.

A biopolymer from tragacanth gum, arabinogalactan (AG), was investigated for its adsorption and corrosion inhibition traits for carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl. Gravimetric method, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to judge the adsorptive nature of AG in the acid solution. The inhibition efficiency improved with an increase in AG concentration and temperature of the acid solution.

Experimental, quantum chemical and molecular dynamic simulations studies on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by some carbazole derivatives.

Five selected carbazole derivatives, namely carbazole, 3,6-dibromocarbazole, 2-hydroxycarbazole, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole and 9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole-3,6-dicarboxaldehyde were investigated for their inhibitive effects on Desulfovibrio vulgaris (D. vulgaris) induced corrosion of mild steel and in 1 M HCl medium using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The carbazole derivatives were found to be mixed type inhibitors with predominantly cathodic inhibitive effects for mild steel in 1 M HCl.

PREDICTORS OF MALE CIRCUMCISION AMONG MEN AGED 15-35 YEARS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE.

Medical male circumcision has been recommended by the World Health Organization as part of a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention. Zimbabwe is one of the fourteen sub-Saharan countries that embarked on the Medical Male Circumcision (MMC) programme. However, the country has not yet met male circumcision targets.

Green Synthesis of Ag/Ag₂O Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Eupatorium odoratum and Its Antimicrobial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities.

The health challenges associated with pathogens and ectoparasites highlight the need for effective control approaches. Metal nanoparticles have been proposed as highly effective tools towards combatting different microbial organisms and parasites. The present work reports the antimicrobial and larvicidal potential of biosynthesized Ag/Ag₂O nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of (EO).

COHABITATION AND UNION DISSOLUTION IN CENTRAL UGANDA: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COHABITORS AND NON-COHABITORS.

The aim of this paper was to establish whether the differences in the risks of union dissolution between cohabitors and non-cohabitors in Uganda have converged over time using event history data. Data were collected in 2013 from 1200 women in central Uganda using retrospective methods. Of these, 839 provided information on three types of first union: women who married directly (without first cohabiting), those who married following cohabitation and those who were still cohabiting.

Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of Lippia citriodora: Antimicrobial, larvicidal and photocatalytic evaluations.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology represent new and enabling platforms that promise to provide broad range of novel and improved technologies for environmental, biological and other scientific applications. This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by aqueous leaf extract of Lippia citriodora at two different temperatures of 50°C and 90°C. The synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was monitored by the use of UV-visible spectroscopy at different temperatures and time intervals.

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1M HCl by D-glucose derivatives of dihydropyrido [2,3-d:6,5-d'] dipyrimidine-2, 4, 6, 8(1H,3H, 5H,7H)-tetraone.

D-glucose derivatives of dihydropyrido-[2,3-d:6,5-d']-dipyrimidine-2, 4, 6, 8(1H,3H, 5H,7H)-tetraone (GPHs) have been synthesized and investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M HCl solution using gravimetric, electrochemical, surface, quantum chemical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations methods. The order of inhibition efficiencies is GPH-3 > GPH-2 > GPH-1. The results further showed that the inhibitor molecules with electron releasing (-OH, -OCH) substituents exhibit higher efficiency than the parent molecule without any substituents.

Phthalocyanine Doped Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Platform for the detection of Dopamine.

The electrocatalytic properties of metal oxides (MO = FeO, ZnO) nanoparticles doped phthalocyanine (Pc) and functionalized MWCNTs, decorated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated. Successful synthesis of the metal oxide nanoparticles and the MO/Pc/MWCNT composite were confirmed using UV-Vis, EDX, XRD and TEM techniques. Successful modification of GCE with the MO and their composite was also confirmed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique.

Assessment of primary health care facilities' service readiness in Nigeria.

Background: Effective delivery of healthcare services requires availability of adequate infrastructure, diagnostic medical equipment, drugs and well-trained medical personnel. In Nigeria, poor funding and mismanagement often characterize healthcare service delivery thereby affecting coverage and quality of healthcare services. Therefore, the state of service delivery in Nigeria's health sector has come under some persistent criticisms.

Probing Molecular Interactions between Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids and N,N-Dimethylacetamide: A Combined FTIR, DLS, and DFT Study.

The present study investigates the effects of the alkyl chain length of the cationic head-group of some ammonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) (having the same anion) on the interaction between the ILs and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA). The molecular interactions between the studied ILs, tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH), tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAH), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), and their binary mixtures with DMA were studied using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique, dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments, and quantum chemical calculations. It was observed from both experimental FTIR analysis and theoretical studies that the strength of intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, ion-ion interactions, and induced dipole interactions, between the ILs and DMA depends on the alkyl chain length of the IL cation head-group.

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY BEHAVIOUR AMONG YOUNG GHANAIANS AGED 15-34 YEARS.

This study used data from the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey to investigate the association between selected socio-demographic factors and dietary behaviour as measured by fruit and vegetable consumption among a sample of 6139 young people aged 15-34 years in Ghana. Overall, fruit and vegetable consumption was low in young people, but females were likely to consume more fruit and vegetables than their male counterparts. Respondents from the Mande ethnic group, those who resided in rural areas and those living in the Brong/Ahafo, Ashanti and the Eastern regions consumed more fruit and vegetables than those from other regions.

Change in woody cover at representative sites in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, based on historical imagery.

Background: The coexistence of woody vegetation and grass is a key characteristic of savanna ecological balance. Gains in woody vegetation at the expense of grass can lead to changes in grazer and browser carrying capacities on the savannas. This study examined long-term change in woody cover at four study sites representative of the geology and rainfall in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.

Cannabidiol rather than Cannabis sativa extracts inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a global health related issue among females of Sub-Saharan Africa, with over half a million new cases reported each year. Different therapeutic regimens have been suggested in various regions of Africa, however, over a quarter of a million women die of cervical cancer, annually. This makes it the most lethal cancer amongst black women and calls for urgent therapeutic strategies.

Concept analysis of collaboration in implementing problem-based learning in nursing education.

Objectives: The purpose of this concept analysis was to better understand and define collaboration as it relates to the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL).

Methods: The process of concept analysis was conducted in three phases; namely, theoretical or literature review, empirical or fieldwork; and analysis phases. Rodgers' evolutionary approach was used to clarify the attributes, antecedents, surrogate, related terms and consequences of collaboration in implementing PBL.