Perspectives on Contraception, Pregnancy, and Reproductive Health Counseling from Young Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background/aims: Active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk of pregnancy complications and contraceptive side effects, and contraceptive use may impact the clinical course of IBD. Although young people are at elevated risk for unintended pregnancy, those with IBD receive minimal disease-specific contraceptive guidance. We characterized perspectives and preferences on contraception and reproductive health counseling from young women with IBD.

An Incidental Finding of Whipple's Disease Masquerading as Nonspecific, Long-Standing Symptoms.

Whipple's disease is a rare bacterial infection that is often present for years prior to diagnosis. Symptoms are nonspecific in the early stages of presentation and are primarily gastrointestinal in nature. The disease may progress with more systemic symptoms including arthralgia, fever, lymphadenopathy, cardiovascular disease, and central nervous system involvement.

Analysis of Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Match Results: 2016 to 2022.

: Objective data examining match trends and applicant characteristics are in high demand given the stakes involved with the orthopaedic surgery match. Our study sought to analyse the trends among matched orthopaedic surgery applicants to clarify how medical students can best prepare for and assess their chances of a successful orthopaedic residency match. : We used the publicly available National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) tool to gather characteristics for matched and unmatched orthopaedic surgery applicants from 2016 to 2022 and compare the probability of matching for all applicants versus each subgroup of reported applicant characteristics using risk difference (RD) and two-tailed p-values.

United States Pooled Cohort Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: There is significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop risk scores for total CVD and its components from a contemporary pooled, observational cohort of U.S.

Effects of Extreme Humidity and Heat on Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Patients With Cardiac Devices.

Background: Climate change is increasing the frequency of high heat and high humidity days. Whether these conditions can trigger ventricular arrhythmias [ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, VT/VF] in susceptible persons is unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between warm-season weather conditions and risk of VT/VF in individuals with pacemakers and defibrillators.

Hurricanes, industrial animal operations, and acute gastrointestinal illness in North Carolina, USA.

North Carolina (NC) ranks third among US states in both hog production and hurricanes. NC's hogs are housed in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in the eastern, hurricane-prone part of the state. Hurricanes can inundate hog waste lagoons, transporting fecal bacteria that may cause acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI).

A Rapid Host Response Blood Test for Bacterial/Viral Infection Discrimination Using a Portable Molecular Diagnostic Platform.

Background: Difficulty discriminating bacterial versus viral etiologies of infection drives unwarranted antibacterial prescriptions and, therefore, antibacterial resistance.

Methods: Utilizing a rapid portable test that measures peripheral blood host gene expression to discriminate bacterial and viral etiologies of infection (the HR-B/V assay on Biomeme's polymerase chain reaction-based Franklin platform), we tested 3 cohorts of subjects with suspected infection: the HR-B/V training cohort, the HR-B/V technical correlation cohort, and a coronavirus disease 2019 cohort.

Results: The Biomeme HR-B/V test showed very good performance at discriminating bacterial and viral infections, with a bacterial model accuracy of 84.

Intrinsic Repeated Self-Healing Textiles: Developing Electrospun Fabrics for Enhanced Durability and Stretchability.

The development of healable polymers represents a significant advancement in materials science, addressing the need for sustainable solutions that can reduce waste and prolong the lifespan of various products. For the development of healable polymer fabrics, however, there are still unsolved issues because of limited healing cycles and poor mechanical properties. In this work, we present intrinsically healable materials for the creation of stretchable, healable fabrics.

Deep Multitask Learning-Driven Discovery of New Compounds Targeting .

Visceral leishmaniasis caused by is a severe and often fatal disease prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Existing treatments are hampered by toxicity, high costs, and the emergence of drug resistance, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutics. In this context, we developed an explainable multitask learning (MTL) pipeline to predict the antileishmanial activity of compounds against three species, with a primary focus on .

Changing Treatment and Metastatic Disease Patterns in Patients with EGFR Mutated NSCLC: An Academic Thoracic Medical Investigator's Consortium Registry Analysis.

Introduction: Osimertinib is now a standard first-line (1L) therapy for EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) advanced NSCLC. We aimed to characterize patterns of therapy and longitudinal risk of brain and liver metastasis in a cohort of EGFRm NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with metastatic EGFRm NSCLC who received 1L systemic therapy at sites within the Academic Thoracic Medical Investigator's Consortium were included; demographic and clinical data including treatment patterns were described.

Discordance of 3rd and 4th generation QuantiFERON-TB Gold assays by pregnancy stages in India.

Background: Pregnancy and HIV affect CD4+ T lymphocytes and impact performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT). We compared the results of QFT with QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), which also measures CD8+ responses to TB antigens, during pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods: We screened 516 pregnant women for TB infection (TBI) with IGRA.

Attitudes Toward Pregnancy and Their Impact on Timing of Prenatal Care Initiation after Prior Spontaneous Preterm Delivery: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Introduction: Timely presentation to prenatal care (PNC) is especially important for patients with a history of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Our objective was to identify factors that pregnant individuals with prior sPTB perceived affected the timing of initiating PNC.

Materials And Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with non-Hispanic (NH) Black or NH White pregnant individuals who had a prior sPTB and presented early (<20 weeks gestation) or late (≥20 weeks gestation) to care in the index pregnancy.

Nutrition Module: Addressing the Nutrition Education Gap in Undergraduate Medical Curricula via a Novel Approach.

Introduction: Despite the known importance of nutrition on health outcomes, most medical curricula do not dedicate sufficient time to nutrition topics. Many barriers prevent the successful integration of nutrition education into existing curricula.

Methods: We created an online nutrition module to educate students about foundational nutritional topics.

A Spaced Repetition Approach to Presenting Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology Curricula in Medical Education.

Future physicians require a strong foundational knowledge of autonomic nervous system (ANS) pharmacology to safely prescribe many medications. Spaced repetition in medical education has previously been examined in the literature. However, we have yet to elucidate the perception of spaced repetition integration into pharmacology curricula across multiple organ systems from a cohort of medical students.

Tips for Incorporating Authentic Assessment into Health Profession Courses.

Student engagement with learning material is significantly affected by if, and how, students will be assessed. Despite the influence of assessment technique on student engagement, traditional methods like multiple-choice question examinations are most common despite known limitations. Authentic assessment, an alternative option, is a method that simulates a real-world scenario or problem encountered in practice where students must demonstrate a task or skill or create a product as a final outcome.

Multi-sensor and multi-temporal high-throughput phenotyping for monitoring and early detection of water-limiting stress in soybean.

Soybean ( [L.] Merr.) production is susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, exacerbated by extreme weather events.

Pembrolizumab and axitinib induced pathological complete response in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus: A case report.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the predominant subtype of kidney cancer. With distant metastasis, the overall survival rate for patients with renal cell carcinoma decreases significantly compared to localized disease. However, pembrolizumab plus axitinib combination is safe and improves long-term survival.

Comparative Analysis of Injury and Illness Rates Among Team USA Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Background: Previous research has reported higher rates of both injury and illness among Paralympic athletes compared with Olympic athletes during the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, but no studies have directly compared injury and illness incidence between Olympic and Paralympic athletes competing in a Summer Games.

Purpose: To compare injury and illness rates between Olympic and Paralympic Team USA athletes competing in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Factors associated with poor intraoperative perfusion and postoperative complications in otolaryngological autologous tissue transfers: A single-centre retrospective observational study.

The purpose of this study was to identify haemodynamic factors that are associated with tissue hypoperfusion in flap/graft surgical patients that might be modified to reduce perioperative morbidity. We conducted a single-centre, retrospective, observational study of 1355 patients undergoing head and neck flap reconstructions. Logistic regression and chi-square analyses were employed to identify factors which signal perioperative complications.

Consensus findings of an International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing workshop on using transcriptomic biomarkers to predict genotoxicity.

Gene expression biomarkers have the potential to identify genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, providing opportunities for integrated testing and reducing animal use. In August 2022, an International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) workshop was held to critically review current methods to identify genotoxicants using transcriptomic profiling. Here, we summarize the findings of the workgroup on the state of the science regarding the use of transcriptomic biomarkers to identify genotoxic chemicals in vitro and in vivo.

Characterizing populations prioritized for PrEP in 19 African countries: a review of national guidance.

Introduction: While African countries have expanded access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) since 2015, regional targets for PrEP uptake remain unmet. Understanding which populations are prioritized for PrEP at the policy level is an important step in determining the scope of PrEP distribution across Africa and identifying gaps in programme implementation. We reviewed national guidance to characterize populations prioritized for PrEP in Africa.

Cranial, Renal, and Skeletal Anomalies in a Fetus With a Pathogenic Variant in the TAFAZZIN Gene.

Objective: To report a case of a fetus with multiple congenital anomalies and suspected Barth syndrome, highlighting potential phenotypic expansion of the syndrome.

Methods: A 32-year-old G4P2011 patient was referred at 18w5d gestation for suspected fetal encephalocele. Serial imaging, including ultrasound and MRI, was performed to evaluate fetal anomalies.

Suboptimal patient positioning with panoramic and CBCT imaging: effects on dose.

Objective: This study examined the effects of changes in patient positioning on radiation exposure for panoramic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographic examinations by measuring effective dose (E) and equivalent doses.

Study Design: Simulated radiographic examinations with optimal and suboptimal positioning-anterior shift by 1 centimeter (cm), posterior shift by 1 cm, chin lowered by 10 degrees (°), chin elevated by 10°, rotation by 10°, and lateral shift by 1 cm-were conducted using a tissue-equivalent phantom and optically-stimulated luminescent dosimeters. Exposures were made with the RAYSCAN Alpha Plus 160 X-ray unit using the following exposure parameters: panoramic, 80 kVp, 14 mA, and 13.