Adjusting for bias due to measurement error in functional quantile regression models with error-prone functional and scalar covariates.

Wearable devices enable the continuous monitoring of physical activity (PA) but generate complex functional data with poorly characterized errors. Most work on functional data views the data as smooth, latent curves obtained at discrete time intervals with some random noise with mean zero and constant variance. Viewing this noise as homoscedastic and independent ignores potential serial correlations.

Gestational exposure to PM, NO, and sex steroid hormones: Identifying critical windows of exposure in the Rochester UPSIDE Cohort.

Background: Sex steroid hormones are critical for maintaining pregnancy and optimal fetal development. Air pollutants are potential endocrine disruptors that may disturb sex steroidogenesis during pregnancy, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes.

Methods: In the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Understanding Pregnancy Signals and Infant Development pregnancy cohort (Rochester, NY), sex steroid concentrations were collected at study visits in early-, mid-, and late-pregnancy in 299 participants.

CYP2C19 Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing a Neurointerventional Procedure.

In neurovascular settings, including treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke and prevention of thromboembolic complications after percutaneous neurointerventional procedures, dual antiplatelet therapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin is the standard of care. Clopidogrel remains the most commonly prescribed P2Y12 inhibitor for neurovascular indications. However, patients carrying CYP2C19 no-function alleles have diminished capacity for inhibition of platelet reactivity due to reduced formation of clopidogrel's active metabolite.

Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles as a liquid biopsy for brain insulin dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as novel blood-based biomarkers for various pathologies. The development of methods to enrich cell-specific EVs from biofluids has enabled us to monitor difficult-to-access organs, such as the brain, in real time without disrupting their function, thus serving as liquid biopsy. Burgeoning evidence indicates that the contents of neuron-derived EVs (NDEs) in blood reveal dynamic alterations that occur during neurodegenerative pathogenesis, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), reflecting a disease-specific molecular signature.

DAA-PASS: A Prospective Evaluation of HCC Recurrence After Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy.

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is associated with a significant reduction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among patients with cirrhosis, but data are conflicting about the risk of recurrence following DAA therapy. DAA-PASS was a prospective, pragmatic, observational study designed to estimate the risk of HCC recurrence associated with DAA therapy exposure during routine clinical care. Eligible patients were DAA treatment naive with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A.

New Index Demonstrates Association between Social Vulnerability, Environmental Burden, and Kidney Failure Risk among Individuals with Glomerular Disease.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Environmental Justice Index Social-Environmental Ranking (EJI-SER) combines a Social Vulnerability Module (SV) with an Environmental Burden Module (EB) to characterize cumulative environmental and social burden at the census tract level. This analysis evaluates the association between EJI-SER and kidney outcomes in glomerular disease (GD) patients.

Methods: Cure Glomerulopathy (CureGN) is an observational cohort study of adults and children with biopsy-proven GD.

Subgroup analysis by sex and baseline BMI in people with a BMI ≥27 kg/m in the phase 2 trial of survodutide, a glucagon/GLP-1 receptor dual agonist.

Aim: To explore the effects of sex and baseline body mass index (BMI) on the efficacy and safety of survodutide in people with a BMI ≥27 kg/m.

Materials And Methods: Totally 387 people (aged 18-75 years, BMI ≥27 kg/m, without diabetes) were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to once-weekly subcutaneous survodutide (0.6, 2.

Comparison of patient-reported symptoms with multi-item patient-reported outcome measures of fatigue, anxiety, and depression in the clinical care of women undergoing chemotherapy for early breast cancer.

Background: As patient-reported symptoms are increasingly incorporated into routine clinical practice and captured in electronic medical records these data can be used to conduct health-related quality of life research studies. This study compares symptom reports from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) and its precursor patient reported symptom monitoring (PRSM) (hereafter PRSM/PRO-CTCAE) with multi-item patient-reported outcome (PRO) scales for fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy/FACIT-Fatigue) and depression and anxiety (Mental Health Index/MHI).

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected from women with early breast cancer (Stage I-III) scheduled for chemotherapy who completed PRSM/PRO-CTCAE, FACIT-Fatigue, and MHI scales pre- and post-chemotherapy.

Impact of Park Redesign and Renovation on Children's Health-Related Quality of Life.

Despite increasing interest in the role of parks on children's health, there has been little empirical research on the impact of park interventions. We used a quasi-experimental pre-post study design with matched controls to evaluate the effects of park redesign and renovation on children's health-related quality of life (QoL) in underserved neighborhoods in New York City, with predominantly Hispanic and Black populations. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study, we examined the parent-reported health-related QoL of 201 children aged 3-11 years living within a 0.

Associations between blood donors, component modifications, and the alloimmunization of transfusion recipients.

Background: Prior studies have evaluated transfusion recipient variables impacting red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization, but few focused on potentially modifiable blood donor or blood component variables.

Study Design And Methods: Data from the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS)-III, which links donor, component, and patient data in an integrated database, were accessed. For any given RBC unit with sufficient blood donor and component data, we determined if the transfusion recipient experienced a new RBC alloimmunization event ("case") within 16 weeks of the transfusion or not ("control").

Impact of Lookback Duration on the Performance of a Claims-Based Frailty Proxy in Women With Stage I-III Breast Cancer.

Background: Frailty is an important prognostic indicator in older women with breast cancer. The Faurot frailty index, a validated claims-based frailty proxy measure, uses healthcare billing codes during a user-specified ascertainment window to predict frailty. We assessed how the duration of frailty ascertainment affected the ability of the Faurot frailty index to predict one-year mortality in women with stage I-II breast cancer.

Association of Alzheimer's Disease Polygenic Risk Score with Concussion Severity and Recovery Metrics.

Background: Identification of genetic alleles associated with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and concussion severity/recovery could help explain the association between concussion and elevated dementia risk. However, there has been little investigation into whether AD risk genes associate with concussion severity/recovery, and the limited findings are mixed.

Objective: We used AD polygenic risk scores (PRS) and APOE genotypes to investigate any such associations in the NCAA-DoD Grand Alliance CARE Consortium (CARE) dataset.

Psychosocial Support Needs and Preferences Among Family Caregivers of ICU Patients with Severe Acute Brain Injury: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis.

Background: Family caregivers of patients with severe acute brain injury (SABI) are at risk for clinically significant chronic emotional distress, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Existing psychosocial interventions for caregivers of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are not tailored to the unique needs of caregivers of patients with SABI, do not demonstrate long-term efficacy, and may increase caregiver burden. In this study, we explored the needs and preferences for psychosocial services among SABI caregivers to inform the development and adaptation of interventions to reduce their emotional distress during and after their relative's ICU admission.

Global collaborations to change the paradigm of oral health education and care: 2024 ADEA Annual Session Chair of the Board Symposium, Proceedings.

The 2024 ADEA Annual Session Chair of the Board Symposium titled, Global Collaborations to Change the Paradigm in Oral Health Education and Care, aimed to highlight innovative global education models in oral health. The symposium sought to identify and explore opportunities for collaboration with international partners to ensure sustainable healthcare education to improve the oral health workforce. Additionally, it focused on discovering and adapting innovative solutions and best practices to enhance access to oral health services worldwide.

Effect of growth dynamics on the structural, photophysical and pseudocapacitance properties of famatinite copper antimony sulphide colloidal nanostructures (including nanosheets).

Facile phase selective synthesis of copper antimony sulphide (CAS) nanostructures is important because of their tunable photoconductive and electrochemical properties. In this study, off-stoichiometric famatinite phase CAS (CAS) quasi-spherical and quasi-hexagonal colloidal nanostructures (including nanosheets) of sizes, 2.4-18.

Elevating the Discourse on the Comorbidity and Treatment of Eating Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Commentary on Inal-Kaleli et al. and Nimbley et al.

Two recent review papers published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders have considerably elevated the rigor of scholarship on the comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and eating disorders. One paper reported that more than one-quarter of individuals with acute anorexia nervosa also have ASD, and that autistic traits are positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology. The other paper reported that, compared to individuals with low autistic traits, those with high autistic traits report poorer experiences of eating disorder treatment, despite similar treatment outcomes.

Trajectories of HIV Visit Engagement During the Perinatal Period among Women in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Longitudinal patterns of engagement in care among women living with HIV (WHIV) during the perinatal period are poorly understood. We employed group-based trajectory modeling to (1) describe trajectories of HIV visit engagement; and (2) identify predictors of membership in suboptimal care trajectories. Data came from a prospective cohort study across five urban clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi conducted between February 2020 and August 2022.

"You're in an Image of a Man but Not a Man": A Qualitative Analysis of Intersectional Stigma Among Men with HIV Experiencing Subfertility in Rural Southwestern Uganda.

Many men with HIV (MWH) want to have children and may encounter HIV- and infertility-related stigma experiences. Integration of reproductive health and HIV care for men is rare. When available, safer conception care focuses on HIV prevention but lacks fertility support.

Prevalence, predisposing factors, and turnover intention related to low back pain among health workers in Accra, Ghana.

Background: Globally, low back pain (LBP) is responsible for disability among 60.1 million people. Health workers face a higher likelihood of being exposed to LBP compared to employees in the construction and manufacturing sectors.

Differential Diagnosis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

A diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may have a significant impact on a patient's life. Therefore, it is important to consider differential diagnoses, as these can differ considerably from AMD regarding prognosis, inheritance, monitoring and therapy. Differential diagnoses include other macular diseases with drusen, drusen-like changes, monogenic retinal dystrophies, as well as a wide range of other, often rare macular diseases.

Geriatrics-Focused vs Traditional Primary Care in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Importance: Older adults often require specialized health care expertise, but the effects of geriatrics-focused models of primary care have not been fully evaluated.

Objective: To compare the effects of geriatrics-focused primary care vs traditional primary care for older patients in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, geriatrics-focused primary care and traditional primary care patient dyads matched on variables associated with geriatrics-focused primary care entry and outcomes were enrolled from VA medical centers with operational geriatrics-focused primary care clinics serving 500 or more patients annually in fiscal year 2016.

Investigation of a targeted panel of gut microbiome-derived toxins in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The gut-kidney axis is implicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) morbidity. We describe how a panel of gut microbiome-derived toxins relates to kidney function and neurocognitive outcomes in children with CKD, consisting of indoleacetate, 3-indoxylsulfate, p-cresol glucuronide, p-cresol sulfate, and phenylacetylglutamine.

Methods: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort is a North American multicenter prospective cohort that enrolled children aged 6 months to 16 years with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-89 ml/min/1.

Development, review, and activation of thoracic oncology investigator-initiated trials.

Background: Investigator-initiated trials (IITs) may address important biological and clinical questions that may not be prioritized by pharmaceutical sponsors. However, little is known about the process by which IIT proposals are evaluated and activated.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of IIT concepts submitted through the Academic Thoracic Oncology Medical Investigators Consortium (ATOMIC), which comprises 13 institutions in the U.