Heterogeneity of Apolipoprotein B Levels Among Hispanic or Latino Individuals Residing in the US.

Importance: Apolipoprotein B (apoB) distribution and its implications as an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk-enhancing factor among individuals of diverse Hispanic or Latino backgrounds have not been described.

Objective: To describe the distribution of apoB in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) cohort and to characterize associations of baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables with apoB and self-identified Hispanic or Latino background.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The HCHS/SOL was a prospective, population-based cohort study of diverse Hispanic or Latino adults living in the US who were recruited and screened between March 2008 and June 2011.

Optimized smFISH Pipeline for Studying Nascent Transcription in Mouse Embryonic Tissue Samples.

Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression is crucial for unraveling molecular mechanisms underlying various biological processes. While traditional methods have offered insights into gene expression patterns, they primarily focus on mature mRNA transcripts, lacking real-time visualization of newly synthesized or nascent transcription events. Recent advancements in monitoring nascent transcription in live cells provide valuable insights into transcriptional dynamics.

Local tissue response to a C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 therapy for fecal incontinence in a rabbit model.

This study aimed to determine if local injection of CXCL12 reduces sphincter fibrosis, restores sphincter muscle content, vascularization, and innervation, and recruits progenitor cells in a rabbit model of anal sphincter injury and incontinence. Adult female rabbits were assigned to 3 groups: uninjured/no treatment (control), injured/treated (treated), and injured/no treatment (untreated) (n=4 each). Injured groups were anesthetized and a section of external anal sphincter was removed at the 9:00 o'clock position.

Psychometric evaluation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale in pregnant women.

Purpose: Although many women experience obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the perinatal period, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) has not yet been psychometrically evaluated in this population. This study examined the internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and factor structure of the YBOCS among pregnant women.

Methods: 256 Women who were 20 to 24 weeks pregnant completed the clinician-administered YBOCS and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) along with a series of self-report questionnaires including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R).

A multicenter performance evaluation of cefiderocol MIC results: ComASP in comparison to CLSI broth microdilution.

Unlabelled: The performance of the Liofilchem Compact Antimicrobial Susceptibility Panel (ComASP) Cefiderocol was evaluated in a multicenter study. Enterobacterales, , and clinical isolates and challenge isolates were tested by three and one sites, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing was performed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution and ComASP, which included two reading endpoints (CLSI read; MIC is the first well in which reduction of growth is <1 mm or light haze/faint turbidity] and ComASP [ComASP read; MIC is the first well at which 100% inhibition of growth occurs]).

Influenza B virus infection alters the regenerative potential of murine alveolar type 2 pneumocytes.

Unlabelled: Respiratory epithelial cells can survive direct infection by influenza viruses, and the long-term consequences of that infection have been characterized in a subset of proximal airway cell types. The impact on the cells that survive viral infection in the distal lung epithelia, however, is much less well-characterized. Utilizing a Cre-expressing influenza B virus (IBV) and a lox-stop-lox tdTomato reporter mouse model, we identified that alveolar type 2 (AT2) pneumocytes, a progenitor cell type in the distal lung, can survive viral infection.

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus. It is diagnosed in the setting of symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and an eosinophilic predominant infiltrate in the esophagus. The condition is rapidly increasing in incidence and prevalence and is commonly encountered in gastroenterology and allergy practices, emergency departments, and primary care settings.

The Clinical Significance of Using PASS Thresholds When Administering Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PROs) instruments of knee function quality of life are routinely administered to patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), an evidence-based threshold defining perceived outcomes, may be a useful indicator of strength and functional performance.

Purpose: To compare strength and functional performance between patients recovering from ACLR who did and did not meet PASS thresholds on associated PROs.

Provider Perspectives on Implementation of Adult Community-Based Palliative Care: A Scoping Review.

While community-based palliative care (CBPC) programs have been expanding, there remain important obstacles to widespread use. Since provider perspectives on CBPC remain underexplored, we conducted a scoping review to summarize provider perspectives regarding barriers and facilitators to implementation of adult CBPC in the United States. We systematically searched OVID, MEDLINE, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed qualitative research published from January 1, 2010 to January 9, 2024, then used PRISM framework synthesis to organize themes into provider, organization, and external environment levels.

An Ultramicroporous Physisorbent Sustained by a Trifecta of Directional Supramolecular Interactions.

2D and 3D porous coordination networks (PCNs) as exemplified by metal-organic frameworks, MOFs, have garnered interest for their potential utility as sorbents for molecular separations and storage. The inherent modularity of PCNs has enabled the development of crystal engineering strategies for systematic fine-tuning of pore size and chemistry in families of related PCNs. The same cannot be said about one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers, CPs, which are understudied with respect to porosity.

Psychosocial information sharing to improve equity in kidney transplant evaluation.

Purpose Of Review: Increasing transplant access overall and particularly among historically underserved and marginalized patient groups is a shared goal nationwide. Patient challenges with psychosocial factors, such as social support and health literacy, are recognized as among the top reasons patients may not be referred, evaluated, or waitlisted, key steps along the pathway to transplantation. Yet referring providers' (e.

Effectiveness Overview of Agricultural Conservation Practices for Water Quality Improvement Part II.

Although significant governmental investment has been provided to implement agricultural conservation practices (ACPs) for water quality improvement, eutrophication and hypoxia persist in coastal and fresh waters. A better understanding of the comparative effectiveness of ACPs is needed to improve environmental outcomes with the funding available. The objectives of this overview article are to (1) compare the performance and cost effectiveness among all the ACPs reviewed in both the first and second editions of the Special Collection and (2) present critical perspectives for researchers, policymakers, and funding entities seeking to improve water quality.

Flumazenil may improve gait and mentation in dogs presenting with marijuana toxicosis.

Introduction: Alongside the United States' growing landscape of legalized recreational marijuana intended for humans, cases of canine marijuana toxicosis have been on the rise. Most commonly these dogs have mild clinical signs and respond well to supportive therapies. However, patients might still be ataxic, unable to walk, or remain heavily sedated at the time of discharge.

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase transforms carotid occlusion-mediated benign oligemia into large cerebral infarction.

It remains unclear why unilateral proximal carotid artery occlusion (UCAO) causes benign oligemia in mice, yet leads to various outcomes (asymptomatic-to-death) in humans. We hypothesized that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) both transforms UCAO-mediated oligemia into full infarction and expands pre-existing infarction. Using 900 mice, we i) investigated stroke-related effects of UCAO with/without intraperitoneal administration of the NOS inhibitor (NOSi) N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 400 mg/kg); ii) examined the rescue effect of the NO-donor, molsidomine (200 mg/kg at 30 minutes); and iii) tested the impact of antiplatelet medications.

Covariate-adaptive biased coin randomization for master protocols with multiple interventions and biomarker-stratified allocation.

In a multi-arm trial with predefined subgroups for each intervention to target, it is often desirable to enrich assignment to an intervention by enrolling more biomarker-positive participants to the intervention. We describe how to implement a biased coin design to achieve desired allocation ratios among interventions and between the number of biomarker-positive and biomarker-negative participants assigned to each intervention. We illustrate the proposed method with the randomization algorithm implemented in the Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-prone Asthma (PrecISE) trial.

Symmetry Engineering in a 2D Transition Metal Enables Reconfigurable P- and N-Type FETs.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metals enable the elimination of metal-induced gap states and Fermi-level pinning in field-effect transistors (FETs), offering an advantage over conventional metal contacts. However, transition metal substrates typically exhibit nonoriented behaviors, leading to the inability to achieve monolingual responses with P- or N-type semiconductors. Here we devise symmetry engineering in an oxidized architectural MXene, termed OXene, which implements the exploiting and coupling of additional out-of-plane electron conduction and built-in polar structures.

Persistent organic pollutants and endogenous sex-related hormones in Hispanic/Latino adults: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated associations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with sex-related hormones; however, findings were inconsistent. Sex-specific impacts and pathways through which adiposity influences associations are not completely understood. We sought to evaluate sex-specific associations of POPs serum concentration with sex-related hormones and to explore pathways through which adiposity may modify associations.

Considerations for Social Networks and Health Data Sharing: An Overview.

The use of network analysis as a tool has increased exponentially as more clinical researchers see the benefits of network data for modeling of infectious disease transmission or translational activities in a variety of areas, including patient-caregiving teams, provider networks, patient-support networks, and adoption of health behaviors or treatments, to name a few. Yet, relational data such as network data carry a higher risk of deductive disclosure. Cases of reidentification have occurred and this is expected to become more common as computational ability increases.

Effect of Tiered Implementation of Clinical Decision Support System for Acute Kidney Injury and Nephrotoxin Exposure in Cardiac Surgery Patients.

Background:  Nephrotoxin exposure may worsen kidney injury and impair kidney recovery if continued in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Objectives:  This study aimed to determine if tiered implementation of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) would reduce nephrotoxin use in cardiac surgery patients with AKI.

Methods:  We assessed patients admitted to the cardiac surgery intensive care unit at a tertiary care center from January 2020 to December 2021, and August 2022 to September 2023.

Comparison of United States and Australian pharmacy student attitudes towards careers in geriatrics.

Introduction: The population of older adults is expanding globally, but there remains a lack of healthcare professionals trained to meet growing care needs. The primary objective of this study was to compare the top three to four factors driving interest vs. lack of interest in geriatrics among pharmacy students in the United States (US) vs.

Comparison of Paired Immunofluorescent Antibody Serology and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for the Detection of Acute Q Fever among Febrile Patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 2012-2014.

Acute Q fever diagnosis via paired serology is problematic because it requires follow-up for convalescent sample collection; as such, it cannot provide a diagnosis to inform a treatment decision at the time of acute presentation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be a useful approach for the diagnosis of acute Q fever in endemic settings. Among febrile patients enrolled in a sentinel surveillance study for Q fever at two referral hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, from 2012 to 2014, we analyzed those with paired sera for IgG to Coxiella burnetii (C.