Design Principles From Natural Olfaction for Electronic Noses.

Natural olfactory systems possess remarkable sensitivity and precision beyond what is currently achievable by engineered gas sensors. Unlike their artificial counterparts, noses are capable of distinguishing scents associated with mixtures of volatile molecules in complex, typically fluctuating environments and can adapt to changes. This perspective examines the multifaceted biological principles that provide olfactory systems their discriminatory prowess, and how these ideas can be ported to the design of electronic noses for substantial improvements in performance across metrics such as sensitivity and ability to speciate chemical mixtures.

Comparative performance of risk prediction indices for mortality or readmission following heart failure hospitalization.

Aims: Risk prediction indices used in worsening heart failure (HF) vary in complexity, performance, and the type of datasets in which they were validated. We compared the performance of seven risk prediction indices in a contemporary cohort of patients hospitalized for HF.

Methods And Results: We assessed the performance of the Length of stay and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LE), Length of stay, number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months, and admission N-Terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP (LENT), Length of stay, Acuity, Charlson co-morbidity index, and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LACE), Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG), Readmission Risk Score (RRS), Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment model (EFFECT), and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) risk indices among consecutive patients hospitalized for HF and discharged alive from January 2017 to December 2019 in a network of hospitals in England.

Perceptions of swine euthanasia among Brazilian caretakers from non-integrated swine farms.

Timely and humane euthanasia is crucial for animal welfare on swine farms, yet challenges persist in its implementation, particularly in Brazil, where the responsibility often falls to caretakers lacking training. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of swine caretakers regarding euthanasia across non-integrated farms (ranging from 1,000 to 3,500 housed sows) and different experience levels (from less than a month to 40 years working with pigs). A total of 117 people directly working with pigs participated in a survey designed to evaluate their decision-making skills, euthanasia competencies, and understanding of Brazilian guidelines for euthanasia methods.

Uveitis and blindness in a closed herd of Equidae following leptospiral infection.

Objective: To describe the ocular findings, chronology of disease, and serum leptospiral titers in a group of horses, mules, and donkeys following an outbreak of leptospirosis.

Methods: Fifty Equidae in central North Carolina had ophthalmic examinations and serum leptospiral microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titers performed every 3-6 months for 24 months followed by a final examination at 34 months.

Results: Throughout the nearly three-year study period, 17 horses (34%; 17/49 horses) developed signs of uveitis; 20 eyes (20/34; 58.

Differential regulation of apoptosis-related genes during long-term culture and differentiation of canine adipose-derived stem cells - a functional bioinformatical analysis.

Introduction: Stem cells derived from adipose tissue are gaining popularity in the field of regenerative medicine due to their adaptability and clinical potential. Their rapid growth, ability to differentiate, and easy extraction with minimal complications make adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) a promising option for many treatments, particularly those targeting bone-related diseases. This study analyzed gene expression in canine ADSCs subjected to long-term culture and osteogenic differentiation.

Insights from social media into public perspectives on investigative genetic genealogy.

Social media sites like X (formerly Twitter) increasingly serve as spaces for the public to discuss controversial topics. Social media can spark extreme viewpoints and spread biased or inaccurate information while simultaneously allowing for debate around policy-relevant topics. The arrest of Joseph J.

Perceived problems associated with perioperative blood product preparation.

Timely blood product preparation is important for patients undergoing surgery with a high risk of blood loss. However, in circumstances where no blood refrigerators exist in the operating room theatre complex, numerous potential problem sources during blood product preparation may lead to delays, and tense interpersonal interactions between anaesthesia and blood bank personnel can ensue. To evaluate this at our institution, an anonymous online survey was sent to anaesthesia providers and blood bank technologists.

Enhanced spatial analysis assessing the association between PFAS-contaminated water and cancer incidence: rationale, study design, and methods.

Background: Cancer is a complex set of diseases, and many have decades-long lag times between possible exposure and diagnosis. Environmental exposures, such as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and area-level risk factors (e.g.

Concussion in high school sports: findings from injury surveillance.

Background: We aimed to examine the epidemiology of concussions within high school (HS) boys' and girls' sports, and to assess the incidence of concussion within HS sports during the timespan inclusive of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We analyzed data captured within High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) during 2018/19-2022/23. Injury counts, rates (enumerated per 10,000 athlete-exposures (AEs)), and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics by sport, event type, injury mechanism, and injury history.

Multigenerational family coaggregation study of obsessive-compulsive disorder and cardiometabolic disorders.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to cardiometabolic disorders. Whether this association is driven by familial factors is unknown. This population-based family study explored the familial co-aggregation of OCD and cardiometabolic disorders.

Validity of Lower-Extremity Strength Between Push- and Pull-Based Handheld Dynamometers: A Technical Report.

Context: Handheld dynamometers provide clinicians an objective measure of lower-extremity force production at the hip and knee. While push-based dynamometers are common in clinical practice, they can be associated with patient discomfort, and standardization of methods is challenging when patient forces can exceed the ability of the rater. Development of novel, pull-based dynamometers allow for better patient comfort, but validity between dynamometers must be established before integration into clinical practice.

Soybean tolerance to waterlogging is achieved by detoxifying root lactate via lactate dehydrogenase in leaves and metabolizing malate and succinate.

Waterlogging is a significant stressor for crops, particularly in lowland regions where soil conditions exacerbate the problem. Waterlogged roots experience hypoxia, disrupting oxidative phosphorylation and triggering metabolic reorganization to sustain energy production. Here, we investigated the metabolic aspects that differentiate two soybean sister lines contrasting for waterlogging tolerance.

Impact of Genomic Classifiers on Risk Stratification and Treatment Intensity in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer : A Systematic Review.

Background: Tissue-based genomic classifiers (GCs) have been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment and treatment recommendations.

Purpose: To summarize the impact of the Decipher, Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), and Prolaris GCs on risk stratification and patient-clinician decisions on treatment choice among patients with localized PCa considering first-line treatment.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science published from January 2010 to August 2024.

Simultaneous extraction and purification of polysaccharides and proteins from Pleurotus ostreatus using an aqueous two-phase system.

Pleurotus ostreatus is a nutrient-dense edible fungus renowned for its delicate texture, appealing flavor, and numerous potential health benefits. Simultaneous extraction within the framework of food resource processing facilitates the concurrent isolation and analysis of multiple target compounds. In this study, an ethanol/salt aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was employed to extract polysaccharides (PS) and proteins from P.

Pharmacogenetic associations of GATA4 and KCNQ1 with ibrutinib cardiovascular toxicity.

Ibrutinib treatment is often complicated by cardiovascular side effects (CVSEs). The objective of this retrospective pharmacogenetic study is to replicate a previously reported association of 'high-risk' patients, who are homozygous carriers of at least two of GATA4 rs804280 AA, KCNQ1 rs163182 GG, and KCNQ1 rs2237895 AA, with increased risk of hypertension or atrial fibrillation, and explore associations for other pharmacogenes (e.g.

Model Building with Youth: Applying a System Science Approach to Examine the Dynamic Social Context of Adolescent and Young Adult Marijuana Use.

Marijuana use in adolescence is associated with significant adverse outcomes. Romantic relationships are an important context for marijuana use. Prior research suggests a bi-directional relationship between marijuana use and relationship functioning; however, the complex interplay between adolescent relationship dynamics and marijuana use remains unclear.

Displaced cortical vein sign on CT in infants: a reliable predictor to distinguish low-attenuation subdural collections from benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces.

Differentiating benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces (BESS) from low-attenuation subdural collections on CT imaging of infants can be challenging. This distinction is crucial in infants, as subdural collections may raise the concern for abusive head trauma (AHT). To evaluate the utilization of the displaced cortical vein sign on CT as a predictor of pathological subdural collections confirmed by MRI and to assess the reproducibility of this finding among radiologists with different levels of clinical experience.

Using Energetic Information Quantities from Density Functional Theory to Simultaneously Identify Both Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions.

Covalent bonding and noncovalent interactions are important chemical concepts and how to identify them has been of current interest in the literature. Within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we recently proposed a few qualitative descriptors to categorize different types of interactions with Pauli energy and its derivatives. In this work, we expand the scope by including the quantities derived from energetic information, which were recently proposed and thoroughly investigated by us from the framework of information-theoretic approach (ITA) in DFT.

Multi-Institutional Analysis of Pancreatoduodenectomy for Nonfamilial Periampullary Adenoma: A Novel Risk Score to Guide Shared Decision-Making.

Introduction: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) may occasionally be indicated for complete removal of periampullary (duodenal and ampullary) adenomas (PAs). As compared with malignant indications, PD for benign or pre-malignant disease is often associated with increased morbidity. While the Spigelman classification assesses malignancy risk for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-related duodenal adenomas, no malignancy risk score (MRS) exists for non-FAP related PAs.

Characterization of post-ictal clinical signs in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy: A questionnaire-based study.

Background: Post-ictal (PI) clinical signs are a key defining stage of seizure manifestation in dogs. However, this phase remains poorly understood.

Objectives: To further characterize PI signs and their relation to other parts of a seizure, and understand the owner's perception of how PI signs affect the quality of life (QOL) of the dog.

Self-Diffusion of Star and Linear Polyelectrolytes in Salt-Free and Salt Solutions.

This work explored solution properties of linear and star poly(methacrylic acids) with four, six, and eight arms (PMAA, 4PMAA, PMAA, and 8PMAA, respectively) of matched molecular weights in a wide range of pH, salt, and polymer concentrations. Experimental measurements of self-diffusion were performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and the results were interpreted using the scaling theory of polyelectrolyte solutions. While all PMAAs were pH sensitive and showed an increase in hydrodynamic radius ( ) with pH in the dilute regime, the of star polymers (measured at basic pH values) was significantly smaller for the star polyacids due to their more compact structure.