Using augmented reality to deliver cue exposure treatment for smoking cessation: App usability findings and protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Augmented Reality (AR) is a rapidly developing technology with potential utility for treating addictive behaviors, including tobacco smoking. AR inserts digital images into a natural real-time scene as viewed on a smartphone or other video devices. With respect to smoking cessation, AR can place virtual smoking cues (i.

Interrupting sitting with moderate-intensity physical activity breaks improves cognitive processing speed in adults with overweight and obesity: Findings from the SITLess pilot randomized crossover trial.

Introduction: Prolonged sitting can acutely reduce working memory (WM) in individuals with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) who show executive function deficits. Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief PA bouts may counter these effects. However, the benefits of such interventions on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of WM and whether neurocognitive responses are associated with postprandial glycemic responses in young and middle-aged adults with OW/OB remain unknown.

The common murine retroviral integration site activating Hhex marks a distal regulatory enhancer co-opted in human Early T-cell precursor leukemia.

The Hhex gene encodes a transcription factor that is important for both embryonic and post-natal development, especially of hematopoietic tissues. Hhex is one of the most common sites of retroviral integration in mouse models. We found the most common integrations in AKXD (recombinant inbred strains) T-ALLs occur 57-61kb 3' of Hhex and activate Hhex gene expression.

Improved growth velocity using a new liquid human milk fortifier in Very Low Birth Weight infants: a multicenter, retrospective study.

Objective: To compare growth outcomes and tolerance among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants receiving a new, liquid human milk fortifier (LHMF-NEW) or a human milk fortifier-acidified liquid (HMF-AL).

Study Design: Retrospective, multicenter study of 515 VLBW infants in three regional NICUs. The primary objective was to compare growth velocity (g/kg/day) during fortification between groups by repeated measures regression.

Prenatal gene editing for neurodevelopmental diseases: Ethical considerations.

Neurodevelopmental diseases (NDDs) are notoriously difficult to treat because clinical symptoms stem from developmental processes that begin before birth. Prenatal gene editing could fill the treatment gap for NDDs by targeting and permanently correcting the genetic variants that underlie these pathogenic developmental processes. At the same time, there is a risk of unintended edits to the fetus or the pregnant person that could result in serious adverse consequences that are difficult, if not impossible, to undo.

Distribution and correlates of long-acting injectable antipsychotic use among community mental health center patients.

Although long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are an important pharmaceutical option in the management of schizophrenia and related disorders, little is known about patient characteristics related to LAI use in real-world outpatient settings. We analyzed electronic medical records from 41,401 patients who received psychiatric services from one of 16 regional mental health centers operated by the South Carolina Department of Mental Health in 2022. We compared the use of first- and second-generation LAIs and oral antipsychotics by sociodemographic (age, gender, race/ethnicity, zip code, payment source) and clinical characteristics (psychiatric diagnoses, service use).

Chromosome length genome assembly of the stone marten (Martes foina, Mustelidae): a new view on one of the cornerstones in carnivore cytogenetics.

The stone marten (Martes foina) is an important species for cytogenetic studies in the order Carnivora. ZooFISH probes created from its chromosomes provided a strong and clean signal in chromosome painting experiments and were valuable for studying the evolution of carnivoran genome architecture. The research revealed that the stone marten chromosome set is similar to the presumed ancestral karyotype of the Carnivora, which added an additional value for the species.

Effects of volunteering on the psychological wellbeing of undergraduate college students.

The mental health of college students is declining at an alarming rate. Understanding behaviors linked to positive mental health outcomes and psychological wellbeing (PWB) are needed. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between volunteering and PWB.

Measuring Intentional Communication in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism: Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of a Novel Coding Scale.

Purpose: Intentional communication acts, or purposefully directed vocalizations and gestures, are particularly difficult for infants at elevated likelihood for eventual diagnosis of autism. The ability to measure and track intentional communication in infancy thus has the potential to aid early identification and intervention efforts. This study assesses the validity of a novel measure of intentional communication intended for use within semistructured caregiver-infant interactions.

Neonatal outcomes and resuscitation practices following the addition of heart rate-guidance to basic resuscitation.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of heart rate-guided basic resuscitation compared to Helping Babies Breathe on neonatal outcomes and resuscitation practices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methods: We conducted a pre-post clinical trial comparing heart rate-guided basic resuscitation to Helping Babies Breathe in three facilities, enrolling in-born neonates ≥28 weeks gestation. We collected observational data during a convenience sample of resuscitations and extracted clinical data from the medical record for all participants.

A simple tool to evaluate the effectiveness of HIV care for settings with gaps in data availability (ESTIHIV).

Many HIV clinics with poor IT-infrastructure are unable to report data on individuals in care with HIV, on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and virologically suppressed (VS), with the aim of monitoring the HIV Continuum of Care to estimate efficacy of HIV treatment programmes. We developed an estimation-tool, ESTIHIV, and determined the minimal data required for a random sample, to produce representative estimates, with a specified level of precision, of people with HIV on ART and VS. For proof of concept, 8852 HIV positive persons from seven clinics in seven different countries, with a follow-up visit during 2017, were included.

Genomic Analysis Reveals Racial and Age-Related Differences in the Somatic Landscape of Breast Cancer and the Association with Socioeconomic Factors.

Cancer genomics consortia have identified somatic drivers of breast cancer subtypes. However, these studies have predominantly included older, non-Black women, and the related socioeconomic status (SES) data is limited. Increased representation and depth of social data are crucial for understanding how health inequity is intertwined with somatic landscapes.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Surgery Complication Rates Among Patients With Obesity or Diabetes or Who Smoke: A Review.

Importance: Surgery is frequently required for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) treatment, but the impact of common comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and smoking on outcomes has been sparsely studied.

Observations: A total of 12 studies met final inclusion criteria for investigating complication rates associated with at least 1 comorbidity. Complication rates were associated with obesity in 3 of 10 studies.

Upper Limit on the Photoproduction Cross Section of the Spin-Exotic π_{1}(1600).

The spin-exotic hybrid meson π_{1}(1600) is predicted to have a large decay rate to the ωππ final state. Using 76.6  pb^{-1} of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions γp→ωπ^{+}π^{-}p, γp→ωπ^{0}π^{0}p, and γp→ωπ^{-}π^{0}Δ^{++} in the range E_{γ}=8-10  GeV.

Evidence of Dirac Quantum Spin Liquid in YbZn_{2}GaO_{5}.

The emergence of a quantum spin liquid (QSL), a state of matter that can result when electron spins are highly correlated but do not become ordered, has been the subject of a considerable body of research in condensed matter physics [1,2]. Spin liquid states have been proposed as hosts for high-temperature superconductivity [3] and can host topological properties with potential applications in quantum information science [4]. The excitations of most quantum spin liquids are not conventional spin waves but rather quasiparticles known as spinons, whose existence is well established experimentally only in one-dimensional systems; the unambiguous experimental realization of QSL behavior in higher dimensions remains challenging.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Health System, Community-Based, or Usual Dementia Care for Persons With Dementia and Caregivers: The D-CARE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effectiveness of different approaches to dementia care is unknown.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of health system-based, community-based dementia care, and usual care for persons with dementia and for caregiver outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial of community-dwelling persons living with dementia and their caregivers conducted at 4 sites in the US (enrollment June 2019-January 2023; final follow-up, August 2023).

Association Between Preterm Birth and Fulfillment of Desired Permanent Contraception.

Objectives: In cases of preterm delivery, the Medicaid sterilization policy mandates a signed consent form at least 72 h before surgery for permanent contraception, which is less than the 30 day minimum waiting period for term births. This study evaluated the association between preterm birth and fulfillment of planned permanent contraception.

Study Design: This was a secondary analysis of a multi-center retrospective cohort study of 3013 patients with a postpartum contraceptive plan of permanent contraception.

Fragments of Community: Physician Assistant Student Perspectives on Experience of Community With Faculty.

Introduction: Burnout is prevalent among both physician assistant (PA) students and faculty in the United States. Theories concerning the root cause of this burnout include a breakdown of community, which, in this context, serves as a framework comprising membership, influence, integration and fulfilment of needs, and shared emotional connection. A community framework has yet to be formally applied to the PA learning environment.

Multi-diagnostic chest-worn patch to detect obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac arrhythmias.

Study Objectives: Evaluate the performance of the SANSA device to simultaneously assess obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiac arrhythmias.

Methods: Participants suspected or known to have OSA underwent polysomnography (PSG) while wearing SANSA. SANSA's algorithm was trained using 86 records and tested on 67 to evaluate training bias.

Radiogenomic explainable AI with neural ordinary differential equation for identifying post-SRS brain metastasis radionecrosis.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used for managing brain metastases (BMs), but an adverse effect, radionecrosis, complicates post-SRS management. Differentiating radionecrosis from tumor recurrence non-invasively remains a major clinical challenge, as conventional imaging techniques often necessitate surgical biopsy for accurate diagnosis. Machine learning and deep learning models have shown potential in distinguishing radionecrosis from tumor recurrence.