Changes in the critical nutrient content of packaged foods and beverages after the full implementation of the Chilean Food Labelling and Advertising Law: a repeated cross-sectional study.

Background: Chile's Food Labelling Law was implemented in three phases with increasingly stricter limits. After initial implementation, sugars and sodium decreased in packaged foods, with no significant changes for saturated fats. It is unclear whether full implementation is linked with further reformulation or if producers reversed changes due to consumers' preferences.

Rome Foundation Working Team Report on overlap in disorders of gut-brain interaction.

In patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), overlapping non-gastrointestinal conditions such as fibromyalgia, headaches, gynaecological and urological conditions, sleep disturbances and fatigue are common, as is overlap among DGBI in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. These overlaps strongly influence patient management and outcome. Shared pathophysiology could explain this scenario, but details are not fully understood.

Bilateral hippocampal toxicity in a patient using kratom.

As an emerging toxic recreational drug, kratom use has been associated with a range of adverse effects, but reports of structural changes in the central nervous system are rare. We report a case of a young man in his 20s with a history of anxiety and depression who presented with an altered mental status and anterograde and retrograde amnesia following kratom use. His labs showed elevated alanine aminotransferase and ammonia levels, and his MRI revealed bilateral hippocampal T2 hyperintensity signal changes.

A year in review: new treatments and expanded indications in dermatology in 2024.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs for the year 2024 to identify new dermatologic treatments.

Results: In 2024, the FDA approved seven new dermatologic therapies and expanded the indications for seven current therapies. These therapies treat conditions such as atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, prurigo nodularis, molluscum contagiosum, and alopecia areata, among others.

A Comparison of Endoscopic and Surgical Gastrojejunostomy in Patients with Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A National Cohort Analysis (2016-2020).

Background And Aims: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) is an unfortunate complication of advanced upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Historically, surgical gastrojejunostomy has been the procedure of choice to achieve enteral bypass. Recently, endoscopic techniques have gained popularity in the management of MGOO.

Appetite-Control and Eating-Behavior Traits Might Not Be Impacted by a Single Weight-Cycling Episode in Weight-Cycling Athletes: Results of the Wave Study.

Purpose: The impact of weight cycling (WC)-successive weight loss (WL) and weight regain (WG)-on athlete performance is well documented, but effects on appetite are not. This study assessed the impact of a WC episode on dietary and appetitive profiles in athletes, considering sex and sport type.

Methods: Athletes (28 male, 20 female) from combat (n = 23), strength (n = 12), and endurance (n = 13) sports participated in 3 conditions during a WC episode (baseline, WL, WG).

Health Expenditures of Patients With Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery: Comparing Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) differ in their effects on body weight and risk for reoperation. However, it is unclear whether long-term health expenditures differ by procedure type in patients with diabetes.

Objective: To compare health expenditures 3 years before and 5.

Factor XIII: Driving (Cross-)Links in Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Disease.

Blood clots are complex structures composed of blood cells and proteins held together by the structural framework provided by an insoluble fibrin network. Factor (F)XIII is a protransglutaminase essential for stabilizing the fibrin network. Activated FXIII(a) introduces novel covalent crosslinks within and between fibrin and other plasma and cellular proteins, and thereby promotes fibrin biochemical and mechanical integrity.

Effects of endometrial embryokines on the preimplantation bovine embryo to create a gene expression signature consistent with a high competence phenotype†.

Optimal embryonic development depends upon cell-signaling molecules released by the maternal reproductive tract called embryokines. Identity of specific embryokines that enhance competence of the embryo for sustained survival is largely lacking. The current objective was to evaluate effects of three putative embryokines in cattle on embryonic development to the blastocyst stage.

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Poor olfaction may be associated with adverse cerebrovascular events, but empirical evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of olfaction with the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Methods: We included 5799 older adults with no history of stroke at baseline from 2011 to 2013 (75.

Social media's impact on rape myth acceptance and negative affect: Moderating roles of political affiliation and gender?

Objective: Media portrayals of sexual violence have been associated with greater rape myth acceptance (RMA). The present study examined how social media posts rejecting or endorsing rape myths affected RMA and negative affect (NA), and moderating roles of gender and political affiliation.

Method: Participants were randomized into one of three simulated Facebook newsfeed conditions that were supportive of sexual trauma survivors (#MeToo), supportive of men falsely accused of rape (#HimToo), or unrelated to sexual violence (control).

Norman B. Anderson (1955-2024).

Memorializes Norman B. Anderson (1924-2024). Norman B.

Longitudinal Reliability of Milestones Learning Trajectories during Anesthesiology Residency.

Background: Longitudinal Milestones data reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) provide a structured framework for assessing the developmental progression of residents in key competencies and subcompetencies. This study aims to investigate the previously underexplored longitudinal reliability of Milestones data, with the goal of identifying patterns in learning trajectories that can inform targeted interventions for residents and programs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with national anesthesiology Milestones data collected from 2014 to 2020.

Structural and Kinetic Characterization of an Acetoacetyl-Coenzyme A: Acetate Coenzyme A Transferase from the Extreme Thermophile Thermosipho melanesiensis.

CtfAB from the extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermosipho melanesiensis, has been used for in vivo acetone production up to 70°C. This enzyme has tentatively been identified as the rate-limiting step, due to its relatively low binding affinity for acetate. However, existing kinetic and mechanistic studies on this enzyme are insufficient to evaluate this hypothesis.

Comprehensive guide for epigenetics and transcriptomics data quality control.

Host response to environmental exposures such as pathogens and chemicals can include modifications to the epigenome and transcriptome. Improved signature discovery, including the identification of the agent and timing of exposure, has been enabled by advancements in assaying techniques to detect RNA expression, DNA base modifications, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility. The interrogation of the epigenome and transcriptome cascade requires analyzing disparate datasets from multiple assay types, often at single-cell resolution, derived from the same biospecimen.

Identifying the Strongest Correlates of Condom Use Among US Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Condoms are effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy; however, only 52% of sexually active US adolescents used a condom at last intercourse.

Objective: To examine (1) the association between 36 psychosocial variables and adolescent condom use to determine the strongest correlates of condom use behavior across the literature, (2) heterogeneity of these effects, and (3) the moderating roles of age, gender/sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and year of study.

Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted of studies published between January 2000 and February 2024 using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Communication Source databases, plus relevant review articles and unpublished data.

Phenomenology of Identity: Narrative Medicine Curricula in the Care of Eating Disorders.

A growing body of literature explores the intersection of eating disorders and identity formation-an entanglement that makes eating disorders particularly challenging to treat. Narrative medicine is a discipline of the health humanities that is interested in bearing witness to patients' stories with a closeness and rigor that enhances clinical care. The pedagogy of the field is the narrative medicine workshop, which mobilizes close-reading of works of art and reflective writing to improve our understanding of Self and Other.

Peer Audit and Feedback: A Documentation-Focused Quality Improvement Project.

Background And Objectives: Nurses' documentation of communication, including notification of critical laboratory results (CLR), is important to ensure safe, high-quality care. Evidence supports peer audit with feedback as a quality improvement (QI) intervention to improve documentation. Nursing compliance with CLR documentation requirements was below goal for several years in an intensive care unit.

An IgM Cleaving Enzyme for Clearance of Anti-Pig Xenoreactive Antibodies in a Nonhuman Primate Model.

Background: The removal of preformed antibodies with cleaving enzyme like IdeS (Imlifidase) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in organ transplantation for sensitized recipients. However, preformed xenoreactive antibodies (XAbs) against porcine glycans are predominantly IgM and considered detrimental in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.

Methods: Recombinant IceM, an endopeptidase cleaving IgM, was generated in Escherichia coli.

Integrated care for mental health in epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-synthesis by the International League Against Epilepsy Integrated Mental Health Care Pathways Task Force.

Mental health (MH) comorbidities are prevalent among people with epilepsy (PWE), but many experience challenges accessing care. To address this, suggestions have been made to integrate MH care into epilepsy care settings, yet the current approaches, benefits, and implementation determinants to MH care integration are unclear. This review aims to synthesize existing integrated MH care models for PWE to inform the development and planning of future initiatives.