New and species (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) from spp. in China.

Saprobic fungi are known for their critical role in decomposition and nutrient cycling. The study of saprobic fungi is equally important, as it helps in understanding their ecological roles and identifying their hidden diversity. This study focused on saprobic fungi on , which is poorly studied compared to economically important hosts like coffee, tea, and rubber.

Mixed reality infrastructure based on deep learning medical image segmentation and 3D visualization for bone tumors using DCU-Net.

Objective: Segmenting and reconstructing 3D models of bone tumors from 2D image data is of great significance for assisting disease diagnosis and treatment. However, due to the low distinguishability of tumors and surrounding tissues in images, existing methods lack accuracy and stability. This study proposes a U-Net model based on double dimensionality reduction and channel attention gating mechanism, namely the DCU-Net model for oncological image segmentation.

The impact of large-scale sports events on national identity: a structural equation model based on the residents' perspective.

Introduction: Large-scale sports events have a profound impact on the enhancement of residents' national identity. The study takes the Hangzhou Asian Games as an opportunity to investigate the influence of such events on national identity and the underlying factors.

Methods: The study takes the impact of residents' involvement in the Asian Games on their national identity as the research object, constructs a theoretical model with subjective well-being and city image as the mediator variables, randomly selects 1,096 residents by questionnaire survey, and analyzes their interrelationships as well as deeper influencing factors by using structural equation modeling and bootstrap.

Understanding gender differences in reasoning and specific paradigm using meta-analysis of neuroimaging.

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process that allows individuals to make inferences, decisions, and solve problems. Understanding the neural mechanisms of reasoning and the gender differences in these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending the neural foundations of reasoning and promoting gender equality in cognitive processing. This study conducted an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 275 studies, revealing that reasoning involves multiple brain regions, including the parts of frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes, limbic system, and subcortical areas.

Parvalbumin interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex exhibit distinct processing patterns for fear and memory in rats.

The anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for multiple cognitive functions like fear, pain management, decision-making, risk and reward assessment, and memory consolidation. However, its cell-type-specific functions are not clearly understood. To reveal the selective functional role of Parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the ACC, we knocked down (KD) the PV gene in-vivo in rats.

Multifunctional biosynthesized magnetosome for multimodal imaging and combined therapy of tumor.

The large recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and low exposure of tumor-associated antigens in tumor microenvironment have severely suppress the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy. Herein, biosynthesized magnetosome (Mag) from bacteria was loaded with photothermal/photodynamic agent/near infrared (NIR) fluorescence dye (IR780) and further modified with lipid-PEG-c(RGDyK) through biomembrane, forming Mag for fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, immunotherapy and photodynamic/photothermal therapy. After intravenous injection into B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, Mag could efficiently accumulate in tumor tissues based on near infrared (NIR) fluorescence and magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging, and repolarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from M2 phenotype to M1 phenotype, significantly improving the effect of tumor immunotherapy.

Early-life famine exposure and subsequent risk of chronic diseases in later adulthood: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Over the past few decades, China has experienced significant demographic and epidemiological changes. The sharp decline in fertility and mortality rates has accelerated population aging, contributing to an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. The nutritional condition during early life is associated with the onset of chronic illnesses later in adulthood.

A meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity programs on fundamental movement skills in 3-7-year-old children.

Introduction: This study aimed to systematically review the effects of different physical activity programs on the fundamental movement skills of 3 - 7-year-old children.

Methods: For this review, the databases of CNKI, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched to collect relevant literature on the effects of different physical activity program interventions on fundamental movement skills, and a total of 10 articles with 1,121 subjects were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the quality of the literature, and meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.

Level measurement, regional variations, and the dynamic evolution of active aging in China-analysis based on CHARLS tracking data.

Introduction: Given the world's largest and increasingly serious aging population, China has elevated "positively responding to aging of population" to a national strategy. Exploring the current state and evolutionary trends of active aging over the past decade is a fundamental prerequisite and the primary task for implementing this strategy.

Methods: Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018), this study primarily employs methods such as the entropy method, Gini coefficient, Moran index, and Kernel density estimation to analyze the development level, regional differences, and dynamic evolution of active aging in China.

The Role of Host-Range Expansion and Co-Speciation in Host-Parasite Associations With the Divergence of the Great Tit Species Complex.

During the evolution of parasites, co-speciation and host-range expansion are thought to play roles in establishing associations with hosts, while sorting events can lead to dissolution of those associations. To address the roles of these processes, we focus on avian haemosporidian parasites infecting hosts of the intensively studied great tit species complex. We estimated the phylogeography of lineages detected in the species complex, and quantified their transition probabilities among hosts.

Fiber ring laser biosensor based on no-core fibers for label-free DNA biomolecule measurements.

An erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on a single-mode fiber-no-core fiber-single-mode fiber (SMF-NCF-SMF) structure was constructed and experimentally demonstrated for label-free DNA hybridization measurement. The SMF-NCF-SMF structure acts as a sensing element and a filter to select the laser wavelength. The proposed fiber ring laser sensor exhibits a high optical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, >50 dB) and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM, <0.

Immigration reduces selection in water microbial community assembly.

To investigate the influence of immigration on the selection in structuring local water bacterial communities, we conducted a new community assembly experiment using microcosms filled with sterile original water medium under outdoor conditions. We collected air particulate matter from dust pooled from samples collected at 10 locations across ~20 km in a warm temperate region in Linfen City (northern China). The immigration rates were increased by introducing air particulate matter into the microcosms.

Fabrication and Modification of Hydrotalcite-Based Photocatalysts and Their Composites for CO 2 Reduction: A Critical Review.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), which resemble hydrotalcite, are a type of materials with cationic layers and exchangeable interlayer anions. They have drawn lots of curiosity as a high-temperature CO2 adsorbent because of its quick desorption/sorption kinetics and renewability. Due to its extensive divalent or trivalent cationic metals, high anion exchange property, memory effect, adjustable behavior, bio-friendliness, easy to prepare and relatively low cost, the LDHs-based materials are becoming increasingly popular for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).

Controlled oligomerization in water to hyperbranched ethylene oligomers.

The production of high molecular weight polyethylene particles in aqueous environments has received considerable attention, yet reports on the formation of polyethylene oil within water remain scarce. Herein, we present findings that demonstrate the oligomerization of ethylene by certain iminopyridyl Pd(II) catalysts in water, resulting in the synthesis of hyperbranched ethylene oligomers. It is worth highlighting the intriguing observation that these catalysts exhibited a remarkable catalytic longevity in aqueous medium and ultimately facilitated the generation of a substantial liquid polyolefin phase from water.

Alkyl zinc complexes derived from formylfluorenimide ligands: synthesis, characterization and catalysis for hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones.

Five new alkyl zinc complexes supported by different formylfluorenimide ligands were prepared and characterized. Complex 1 was obtained by the reaction of 9-[N(CH)-Cy-NCH]Fl (Cy = 2-cyclohexyl) (Fl = fluorenylL1 with diethylzinc (ZnEt) in tetrahydrofuran. Reacting 9-[2-pyridyl-CH-NCH]Fl L2 with ZnEt in tetrahydrofuran yielded complex 2.

Nitrogen Modified Linear Polythiophene Derivatives with Polarized Charge Distribution for Red Light-Induced Photocatalysis.

Elevating the long-wavelength activation of photocatalysts represents a formidable approach to optimizing sunlight utilization. Polythiophene (PTh), although renowned for its robust light absorption and excellent conductivity, is largely overlooked for its potential as a photocatalyst due to the swift recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, we unveil that the strategic introduction of an aromatic ring containing varying nitrogen content into PTh instigates polarized charge distribution and facilitates the narrowing of the band gap, thereby achieving efficient photocatalytic activities for both hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide generation.

2D metallic transition metal dichalcogenides: promising contact metals for 2D GaN-based (opto)electronic devices.

Owing to their high light absorption coefficient, excellent electronic mobility, and enhanced excitonic effect, two-dimensional (2D) GaN materials hold great potential for applications in optoelectronic and electronic devices. As the metal-semiconductor junction (MSJ) is a fundamental component of semiconductor-based devices, identifying a suitable metal for contacting semiconductors is essential. In this work, detailed first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the contact behavior between the GaN monolayer (ML) and a series of 2D metals MX (M = Nb, Ta, V, Mo, or W; X = S or Se).

A vinylene-linked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based covalent organic framework for photocatalytic oxidation reactions.

A vinylene-linked DPP-COF with an ultra-narrow bandgap of 1.06 eV was reported. This COF demonstrates high chemical stability and significant charge transfer properties, and was applied to the photooxidation of sulfides and tetrahydroisoquinolines, exhibiting exceptional photoactivities.

Polycalmagite Coating Enables Long-Term Alkaline Seawater Oxidation Over NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide.

Renewable energy-powered seawater electrolysis is a green and attractive technique for producing high-purity hydrogen. However, severe chlorideions (Cl) and their derivatives tend to corrode anodic catalysts at ampere-level current densities and hinder the application of seawater-to-H systems. Herein, a polycalmagite (PCM)-coated NiFe layered double hydroxide is presented on Ni foam (NiFe LDH@PCM/NF) that exhibits exceptional stability in alkaline seawater.

Binary Metal Alloy Electrocatalyst Synergistically Accelerates the Bidirectional Polysulfide Conversions in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides and the resulting shuttle effect remain significant challenges for the practical utilization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. To address the unidirectional catalytic limitations of conventional electrocatalysts, we herein report a binary metal (CoNi) alloy embedded in a carbon matrix on carbon nanofibers (CoNi@C-CNFs) as a highly efficient electrocatalyst to accelerate bidirectional polysulfide conversions. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) reveals a significantly improved catalytic effect of the CoNi alloy toward polysulfide conversions after introducing the Ni component.

Construction of Low-Crystallinity Three-Dimensional Flower-like Cobalt-Doped Nickel Hydroxide for High-Performance Nickel-Zinc Batteries.

The main limitations of aqueous nickel-zinc batteries are their relatively low energy density and short cycle life, which are inextricably linked to the limitations of nickel-based cathodes. In this study, a low-crystallinity flower-like cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide (α-Ni(OH)-0.2Co) is constructed by hydrothermal reaction and employed as high-energy-density cathode for aqueous rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries.

Lattice Distortions Promoting the In-Depth Reconstruction of Ni-Based Electrocatalysts with Enriched Oxygen Vacancies for the Electrochemical Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural toward 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid.

The electrocatalytic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation reaction (HMFOR) toward 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has been considered a promising approach for the substitution of the energy-consuming and hazardous oxygen evolution reaction and for the valorization of renewable biomass. However, it is limited by the susceptibility of HMF to the oxidative environment and requires efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, a NiMo complex (NiMo-N) is provided as the precatalyst for the HMFOR, exhibiting favorable performances with a current density of 450 mA·cm achieved at an anodic potential of 1.

Network of job demands-resources and depressive symptoms in critical care nurses: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Critical care nurses are vulnerable to depression, which not only lead to poor well-being and increased turnover intention, but also affect their working performances and organizational productivity as well. Work related factors are important drivers of depressive symptoms. However, the non-liner and multi-directional relationships between job demands-resources and depressive symptoms in critical care nurses has not been adequately analyzed.

Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of subclinical hypothyroidism in Chinese patients with first-episode untreated major depressive disorder.

Background: Previous studies showed sex differences in the prevalences of both major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This study aimed to further compare the prevalence and correlates of moderate-to-severe SCH between male and female Chinese MDD patients.

Methods: A total of 1706 first-episode drug naïve Chinese patients with MDD were recruited.