High stability of EEG spectral power across polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests in good sleepers and chronic insomniacs.

To assess the stability of electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral features across overnight polysomnography (PSG) and daytime multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs) in chronic insomniacs (CIs) and normal controls (NCs). A total of 20 NCs and 22 CIs underwent standard PSG and MSLTs. Spectral analyses were performed on EEG data from PSG and MSLTs and absolute and relative power in central, frontal and occipital channels were obtained for wake (W) and non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 1 and 2 (N1, N2).

Clinical and electroencephalogram characteristics of methylmalonic acidemia with MMACHC and MUT gene mutations.

Objective: This study investigated the clinical, imaging, and electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) with nervous system damage as the primary manifestation.

Methods: From January 2017 to November 2022, patients with nervous system injury as the main clinical manifestation, diagnosed with methylmalonic acidemia by metabolic and genetic testing, were enrolled and analyzed. Their clinical, imaging, and electroencephalogram data were analyzed.

Early Brain Activity in Very Preterm Infants of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Neurological consequences of preterm infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are unclear. In this pilot study, we investigated the effect of GDM on brain activity in very preterm infants.

Methods: Preterm infants <32 gestational weeks of mothers with GDM compared to gestational age- and sex-matched controls born between 2011 and 2018 were included.

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Viral/Autoimmune Encephalitis: Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of a Six-Year-Old Boy.

In this case, we discuss the difficulties and challenges faced when diagnosing and treating a six-year-old boy presenting with abnormal behaviors and difficulty in concentration and inattentiveness, followed by regression of expressive language. These symptoms were then followed by hyperactivity, bouts of anger, and difficulty sleeping. The patient was seen by a psychiatrist, and he was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) initially and treated with little to no improvement.

Neurovascular coupling in eye-open-eye-close task and resting state: Spectral correspondence between concurrent EEG and fMRI.

Neurovascular coupling serves as an essential neurophysiological mechanism in functional neuroimaging, which is generally presumed to be robust and invariant across different physiological states, encompassing both task engagement and resting state. Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that neurovascular coupling may exhibit state dependency, even in normal human participants. To investigate this premise, we analyzed the cross-frequency spectral correspondence between concurrently recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, utilizing them as proxies for neurovascular coupling during the two conditions: an eye-open-eye-close (EOEC) task and a resting state.

Research and application of deep learning-based sleep staging: Data, modeling, validation, and clinical practice.

Over the past few decades, researchers have attempted to simplify and accelerate the process of sleep stage classification through various approaches; however, only a few such approaches have gained widespread acceptance. Artificial intelligence technology, particularly deep learning, is promising for earning the trust of the sleep medicine community in automated sleep-staging systems, thus facilitating its application in clinical practice and integration into daily life. We aimed to comprehensively review the latest methods that are applying deep learning for enhancing sleep staging efficiency and accuracy.

Cannabidiol Exerts Sedative and Hypnotic Effects in Normal and Insomnia Model Mice Through Activation of 5-HT Receptor.

Cannabis sativa has been used for improving sleep for long history. Cannabidiol (CBD) has drown much attention as a non-addictive psychoactive component in Cannabis sativa extract. However, the effects of CBD on sleep architecture and it's acting mechanism remains unclear.

Outcome of Epilepsy Surgery in MRI-Negative Patients Without Histopathologic Abnormalities in the Resected Tissue.

Background And Objective: Patients with presumed nonlesional focal epilepsy-based on either MRI or histopathologic findings-have a lower success rate of epilepsy surgery compared with lesional patients. In this study, we aimed to characterize a large group of patients with focal epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery despite a normal MRI and had no lesion on histopathology. Determinants of their postoperative seizure outcomes were further studied.

Automatic classification of sleep stages using EEG signals and convolutional neural networks.

Sleep stages classification is one of the new topics in studying human life quality because it plays a crucial role in getting a healthy lifestyle. Abnormal changes or absence of normal sleep may lead to different diseases such as heart-related diseases, diabetes, and obesity. In general, sleep staging analysis can be performed using electroencephalography (EEG) signals.

Neurobiological Underpinnings of Hyperarousal in Depression: A Comprehensive Review.

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit an abnormal physiological arousal pattern known as hyperarousal, which may contribute to their depressive symptoms. However, the neurobiological mechanisms linking this abnormal arousal to depressive symptoms are not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the physiological and neural features of arousal, and review the literature indicating abnormal arousal in depressed patients.

Classification of bruxism based on time-frequency and nonlinear features of single channel EEG.

Background: In the classification of bruxism patients based on electroencephalogram (EEG), feature extraction is essential. The method of using multi-channel EEG fusing electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electromyography (EMG) signal features has been proved to have good performance in bruxism classification, but the classification performance based on single channel EEG signal is still understudied. We investigate the efficacy of single EEG channel in bruxism classification.

Widespread slow oscillations support interictal epileptiform discharge networks in focal epilepsy.

Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) often co-occur across spatially-separated cortical regions, forming IED networks. However, the factors prompting IED propagation remain unelucidated. We hypothesized that slow oscillations (SOs) might facilitate IED propagation.

Sleep restores an optimal computational regime in cortical networks.

Sleep is assumed to subserve homeostatic processes in the brain; however, the set point around which sleep tunes circuit computations is unknown. Slow-wave activity (SWA) is commonly used to reflect the homeostatic aspect of sleep; although it can indicate sleep pressure, it does not explain why animals need sleep. This study aimed to assess whether criticality may be the computational set point of sleep.

Altered neurophysiological responses during empathy for pain in insomnia: evidence from an EEG study in non-clinical samples.

Background: This study aims to investigate the behavioral and neurophysiological changes accompanying the empathy for pain among individuals with insomnia in nonclinical samples, which has been scarcely explored in the existing literature despite the deleterious effects of sleep disturbance on social behavior, and interactions had been well-documented.

Methods: Twenty-one individuals with insomnia in nonclinical samples and 20 healthy individuals as normal controls participated in the study. Electroencephalograph (EEG) was continuously recorded, while the participants underwent an empathy for pain task.

Impact of an Interactive, Animation-Based Electroencephalography Curriculum on Learner Confidence and Knowledge.

Background: There is a national need for innovative electroencephalography (EEG) education with efficacy evaluated by rigorous statistical analysis. We created a dynamic, online resource that includes a series of animated videos at a single academic medical center.

Methods: For the animations and interactive module, we used VideoScribe and Articulate, respectively.

Few-shot EEG sleep staging based on transductive prototype optimization network.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a commonly used technology for monitoring brain activities and diagnosing sleep disorders. Clinically, doctors need to manually stage sleep based on EEG signals, which is a time-consuming and laborious task. In this study, we propose a few-shot EEG sleep staging termed transductive prototype optimization network (TPON) method, which aims to improve the performance of EEG sleep staging.

Does the absence or presence of sleep spindles on EEG have prognostic value for cognitive outcome in children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome? A systematic literature review.

Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) is an epileptic encephalopathy in childhood that affects infants under the age of two years. When spasm series occur, prognosis for cognitive outcome is poor in the majority of cases. The encephalopathy in IESS includes delayed maturation of normal sleep phenomena in the EEG, such as sleep spindles.

The utility of wearable headband electroencephalography and pulse photoplethysmography to assess cortical and physiological arousal in individuals with stress-related mental disorders.

Several stress-related mental disorders are characterised by disturbed sleep, but objective sleep biomarkers are not routinely examined in psychiatric patients. We examined the use of wearable-based sleep biomarkers in a psychiatric sample with headband electroencephalography (EEG) including pulse photoplethysmography (PPG), with an additional focus on microstructural elements as especially the shift from low to high frequencies appears relevant for several stress-related mental disorders. We analysed 371 nights of sufficient quality from 83 healthy participants and those with a confirmed stress-related mental disorder (anxiety-affective spectrum).

Evening prolonged relatively low melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance light exposure increases arousal before and during sleep without altering sleep structure.

Light can influence many psychophysiological functions beyond vision, including alertness, circadian rhythm, and sleep, namely the non-image forming (NIF) effects of light. Melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (mel-EDI) is currently recommended as the predictor of the NIF effects of light. Although light dose is also critical for entraining and regulating circadian cycle, it is still unknown whether relatively low mel-EDI light exposure for prolonged duration in the evening would affect pre-sleep arousal and subsequent sleep.

Subject-level Normalization to Improve A-phase Detection of Cyclic Alternating Pattern in Sleep EEG.

Automatic detection systems for activation phases (A-phase) of the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in electroencephalograms (EEG) are designed to automatically score A-phases in any individual but typically fail to factor in EEG signal variations between individuals, e.g. due to sleep disorders, recording site differences or equipment differences.