Herbal prescription Siryeongtang and acupuncture treatment for gait disturbance due to idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A case report.

Background: Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), characterized by unexplained normal-pressure hydrocephalus, primarily presents with symptoms such as gait disturbances, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. Currently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage via shunting is the only effective treatment for iNPH.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old Asian woman visited our hospital with a worsening gait disturbance and a history of recurrent falls over the past 2 years.

Long-term evaluation of neurological outcomes in chemotherapy-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) syndrome in children.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome with numerous etiologies, mostly characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the posterior cerebral white and gray matter and acute neurological symptoms.

Aim: To examine the predisposing factors, clinical results, and radiological features of PRES in children diagnosed with malignancy.

Materials And Methods: The study included 20 patients (7 F/13 M) aged 4-16 years at the time of diagnosis who were diagnosed with malignancy and developed PRES during chemotherapy.

In response to Mutti et al. 2024 commentary on "Transient intracranial pressure elevations (B waves) associated with sleep apnea: the neglected role of cyclic alternating pattern".

The physiology of transient intracranial pressure (ICP) elevations (B waves), remains incompletely understood and appears to involve multiple mechanisms, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Transient ICP elevations are associated with OSA and cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) metrics, suggesting a complex interplay between sleep fragmentation and ICP dynamics. Additionally, CAP metrics could complement standard OSA assessments, providing deeper insights into transient ICP fluctuations, particularly in conditions like normal-pressure hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

A case report of mental disorder caused by shunt blockage after hydrocephalus surgery.

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is a form of communication hydrocephalus syndrome characterized by ventricular enlargement and normal intraventricular pressure. The primary clinical manifestations include gait disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and either elevated or normal intracranial pressure. This paper presents a case of a mental disorder resulting from inadequate drainage following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure for hydrocephalus.

Association between choroid plexus volume and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults without dementia: a population-based cross-sectional analysis.

Background: An increase in choroid plexus (CP) volume may be associated with cognitive decline in older individuals without dementia. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether CP volume can serve as an imaging marker of cognitive decline, determine how strongly CP volume is associated with cognitive decline, and explore factors associated with CP volume in older adults.

Methods: We measured CP volume, brain parenchyma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces associated with disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH), an imaging feature of normal-pressure hydrocephalus, in community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years without dementia.

Discrepancies in Subjective Perceptions of Hydrocephalus Management and Self-Reported Outcomes.

: Despite surgical interventions with advances in endoscopic procedures as well as shunt technologies, the quality of life in patients with hydrocephalus can be poor. Clinical experience suggests discrepancies between objective measures of treatment success and subjective patient satisfaction. With this study, we retrospectively investigated patients' knowledge of their treatment as well as their satisfaction with received interventions.

Psychotic behavior in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) usually presents with progressive gait impairment, urinary incontinence, and cognitive deficits. Many studies have shown that NPH can mimic other disorders like Parkinson disease with tremors and rigidity. In this report, we present our experience with three patients who had psychotic behavior and were treated with psychiatric medications but were subsequently investigated and found to have NPH.

Analyzing the relationship between specific brain structural changes and the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space index in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) evaluates the glymphatic system in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). However, white matter compression due to ventricular enlargement may affect the ALPS index. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the ALPS index, white matter changes, and clinical symptoms in patients with iNPH.

MRI markers of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in a population study with 791 participants: Exploring reference values and associations.

Purpose: Epidemiological studies on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) imaging markers and their normal values are scarce. This population-based study aimed to analyze several morphologic and volumetric iNPH-related imaging markers in a large sample, determining their distribution, diagnostic accuracy, suggested cut-offs, and associations with iNPH symptoms.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 791 70 year olds, 40 with radiologically probable iNPH (iNPH) and 751 without iNPH features (reference).

A case of mimicking normal pressure hydrocephalus in a female older patient: co-existence of probable Alzheimer's dementia and colpocephaly.

Colpocephaly, a cause of hydrocephalus, is characterized by disproportionately enlarged occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. It is rarely seen in the older adults. Few cases were reported as colpocephaly in elderly individuals in the literature.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: survey on current diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in clinical practice in Germany.

Objective: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting has become the standard treatment for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Nevertheless, there is still disagreement on diagnostic criteria for selecting patients for surgery and optimal shunt management. The primary aim of the present study was to provide an update on the status of best practice, the use of different diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic management of idiopathic NPH in an European country.

Survival After Shunt Therapy in Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Meta-Analysis of 1614 Patients.

Background: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt therapy is a crucial intervention for normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). This meta-analysis delves into survival time and the impact of baseline symptom burden on survival after VP shunt therapy for NPH, employing reconstructed pooled survival curves and a one-stage meta-analysis.

Methods: IPD regarding overall survival (OS) were acquired from published Kaplan-Meier charts, utilizing the R package IPDfromKM in R (Version 4.

Electromagnetic Navigation Improves Accuracy and Reduces Complications of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Single-Center Clinical Experience.

Background: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery is the primary treatment for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). This study compared the outcomes of VP shunt placement using electromagnetic (EM) navigation versus standard methods in patients with iNPH, focusing on catheter accuracy and postoperative complication rates.

Methods: This retrospective study included 31 patients with iNPH who underwent standard shunt placement using anatomical landmarks and 50 patients who underwent EM-guided shunt placement.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A critical analysis of its underrepresentation across Italian medical-scientific societies in the last 5 years.

Background: The scientific debate concerning clinical, translational and surgical aspects of iNPH could still be limited in respect to the incidence of this condition. The aim of this paper is to systematically assess the extent of the debate on INPH in the context of the congresses of the relevant medical and scientific societies in our Country.

Methods: We thoroughly examined the websites and scientific programs of 12 leading scientific societies linked to medical specialities involved in diagnosis and management of INPH, among which the neurological, neurosurgical, neurophysiological, rehabilitation medicine and urologic societies.

The eagle-wing finding in FP-CIT SPECT, as a characteristic finding in patients with DESH- type iNPH.

Purpose: Although dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging has been reported to be useful for differentiating idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) from its mimics, the radiological findings of DAT imaging in iNPH have not been established. We investigated [I] N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (FP-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images from patients with disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus (DESH)-type iNPH to understand the characteristics of DAT images of iNPH.

Methods: We retrospectively collected 11 DESH-type iNPH patients without comorbidities who underwent FP-CIT SPECT imaging.

Volumes and velocities: Meta-analysis of PC-MRI studies in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Unlabelled: PURPOSE  : Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) represents an opportunity to non-invasively investigate cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flow in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Studies in recent years have explored the diagnostic and prognostic value of PC-MRI derived parameters. This review aims to identify all PC-MRI studies of iNPH published since 2010, synthesise a review based on collated results, and analyse specific flow parameters identified in the selected studies.

The CSF lipid profile in patients with probable idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus differs from control but does not differ between shunt responders and non-responders.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a common form of hydrocephalus in the elderly, characterized by enlarged ventricles combined with clinical symptoms presenting as gait impairment, urinary incontinence, and dementia. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus may be difficult to differentiate clinically from other neurodegenerative disorders, and up to 80% of cases may remain unrecognized and thus untreated. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for biomarkers that can confirm the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.