Diel vertical migration rates of the dinoflagellate species in a lower Chesapeake Bay tributary.

is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate harmful algal bloom (HAB) species that blooms annually in the lower Chesapeake Bay. undertakes a diel vertical migration (DVM) which may give it a competitive advantage over purely phototrophic organisms who cannot access deeper nutrient pools and allow it to form large toxic blooms. Laboratory-based estimates of DVM rates suggest that it is one of the fastest known dinoflagellate swimmers and understanding this behavior is likely important for modeling and predicting blooms.

Tumor seeding across specialties: a systematic review.

Background: Understanding shared characteristics underlying reported tumor seeding episodes can reveal when tumor seeding is most likely to occur and guide clinical decision making. Our goal was to systematically review tumor seeding across specialties and determine what types of instrumentation and primary tumor histology are associated with tumor seeding.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science, per PRISMA guidelines.

Upadacitinib for Induction of Remission in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: An International Multi‑center Study.

Background And Aims: Data on upadacitinib therapy in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) or unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U) are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib as an induction therapy in pediatric UC or IBD-U.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, children treated with upadacitinib for induction of remission of active UC or IBD-U from 30 centers worldwide were enrolled.

Postnatal glycaemic outcomes in women with high-risk gestational diabetes: Identifying key predictors for early intervention.

Aims: Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) have increased lifetime risk of developing diabetes. We aim to determine the factors contributing to poor adherence of the postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and identify key predictors to postpartum dysglycaemia in our Asian cohort.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with high-risk GDM (n = 561).

Marine emissions of methanethiol increase aerosol cooling in the Southern Ocean.

Ocean-emitted dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a major source of climate-cooling aerosols. However, most of the marine biogenic sulfur cycling is not routed to DMS but to methanethiol (MeSH), another volatile whose reactivity has hitherto hampered measurements. Therefore, the global emissions and climate impact of MeSH remain unexplored.

When Disasters Cross State Borders: Pennsylvania's Public Health Response to the Norfolk Southern Train Derailment in East Palestine, Ohio.

This case study explores the actions taken by the Pennsylvania Department of Health to address public health concerns related to the Norfolk Southern train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio. Due to the location of the train derailment on the Ohio-Pennsylvania border, the case demonstrates the inherent challenges of addressing disasters that occur across state lines. Furthermore, the train derailment was regarded as an environmental disaster rather than a public health emergency, further complicating response efforts.

The combined focal loss and dice loss function improves the segmentation of beta-sheets in medium-resolution cryo-electron-microscopy density maps.

Summary: Although multiple neural networks have been proposed for detecting secondary structures from medium-resolution (5-10 Å) cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps, the loss functions used in the existing deep learning networks are primarily based on cross-entropy loss, which is known to be sensitive to class imbalances. We investigated five loss functions: cross-entropy, Focal loss, Dice loss, and two combined loss functions. Using a U-Net architecture in our DeepSSETracer method and a dataset composed of 1355 box-cropped atomic-structure/density-map pairs, we found that a newly designed loss function that combines Focal loss and Dice loss provides the best overall detection accuracy for secondary structures.

Cilomilast Modulates Rhinovirus-Induced Airway Epithelial ICAM-1 Expression and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL5 Production.

Cilomilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) selective inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and reduces COPD exacerbations. We tested the hypothesis that cilomilast inhibits virus-induced airway epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and inflammatory cytokine/chemoattractants, IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL5 production in vitro. BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with 0.

Estimating Coronary Sinus Oxygen Saturation from Pulmonary Artery Oxygen Saturation.

: Coronary sinus oxygen saturation is a useful indicator of health and disease states. However, it is not routinely used in clinical practice. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) oximetry can accurately estimate oxygen saturation in the pulmonary artery.

Musculoskeletal shoulder pain: Home exercise frequency and adherence to appointments are not mediators of outcome.

Objective: To investigate whether appointment adherence and frequency of home exercises mediates the association of baseline i) pain self-efficacy (PSE) or ii) patient expectation of recovery, with outcome at 6 months.

Design: Multicentre longitudinal cohort study.

Methods: Six-month outcome data (SPADI, QuickDASH) were provided by 810 of 1030 recruited participants.

Cross-education effects of balance training in individuals with chronic ankle instability.

Background: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) often experience deficits in balance, hip strength, and lumbopelvic stability. Unilateral balance training can lead to improved balance in the contralateral limb, but it is unknown if similar cross-education effects occur for hip strength and lumbopelvic stability. Our purpose was to determine if unilateral balance training improved balance, hip strength, and lumbopelvic stability of the contralateral limbs in individuals with CAI.

Formulation development of dual-compartment topical inserts combining tenofovir alafenamide and elvitegravir for flexible on-demand HIV prevention.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has emerged as a prominent approach for the prevention of HIV infections. While the latest advances have resulted in effective oral and injectable product options, there are still gaps in on-demand, event-driven, topical products for HIV prevention that are safe and effective. Here we describe the formulation development of a dual-compartment topical insert containing tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) and elvitegravir (EVG) that may be administered when needed, vaginally or rectally, pre- or post-coitus, for flexible HIV prophylaxis.

AI-Reinforced Wearable Sensors and Intelligent Point-of-Care Tests.

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques offer great potential to advance point-of-care testing (POCT) and wearable sensors for personalized medicine applications. This review explores the recent advances and the transformative potential of the use of AI in improving wearables and POCT. The integration of AI significantly contributes to empowering these tools and enables continuous monitoring, real-time analysis, and rapid diagnostics, thus enhancing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.

Impact of Coconut Oil and Its Bioactive Metabolites in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Interest in coconut oil (CO) as a potential dietary intervention has surged owing to its substantial medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) content. Therefore, sustaining cognitive function and potentially slowing the progression of AD are crucial.

NivobotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Glabellar Lines With or Without Concurrent Treatment of Lateral Canthal Lines in Two Phase 3 Clinical Trials.

Background: Botulinum neurotoxins used in aesthetic medicine require reconstitution before administration, which may be inconvenient and present errors among injectors.

Objectives: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of ready-to-use nivobotulinumtoxinA liquid formulation for the treatment of glabellar lines (GL) with/without treatment of lateral canthal lines (LCL).

Methods: Two multicenter, phase 3, double-blind, randomized trials enrolled participants with moderate-to-severe GL (Study 001) or moderate-to-severe GL+LCL (Study 005).

CT-based and manual external skull measurements for Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in Pomeranians.

Studies in Pomeranians as well as other breeds have looked at clinical signs or external features as predictors of Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM). The aim of this study is to describe and analyze morphometric factors of the skull of Pomeranians with and without CM/SM by means of CT as well as manual external measurements. Ninety-two Pomeranians >12 months of age were included that underwent both CT and MRI studies of the head and cervicothoracic vertebral column.

Interest in Being an Ally Against Violence Toward Women: A Survey of Barbers in Black Communities.

To what extent are barbers willing to act as allies in addressing the abuse of women within Black communities? The study focused on barbers primarily serving Black clients. To gage the cultural viability of utilizing barbershops as intervention sites for intimate partner violence, the authors of this article conducted surveys among barbers in Black communities. The surveys explored the barbers' interest in and capability to act as allies against violence targeting Black women.

Safe and well-tolerated long-term parenteral nutrition regimen: Omega-3-fatty-acid-enriched medium chained/ long chained triglycerides emulsion.

Background And Aims: A limited number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the use of lipid emulsions (LEs) of different compositions in home parenteral nutrition (HPN), and there are very few data on the long-term use of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The study's objective was to assess safety and tolerability of an n-3 PUFA-enriched LE in adult patients suffering from chronic intestinal failure (CIF) requiring long-term HPN.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicentre, international clinical trial, which was conducted at eleven sites, adult patients in need of HPN including lipids received either the investigational product, an n-3 PUFA-enriched medium/long-chain triglyceride (MCT/LCT) LE, or the reference product, a standard MCT/LCT LE, for an average duration of eight weeks.

Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) in the emergency department: a scoping review.

Introduction: While many studies have been published on Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia in the Emergency Department (ED), there has been no previous study assessing the current state of the literature based in the form of a scoping review.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current state of the literature on UGRA performed in the ED setting.

Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies.

Classics in abdominal radiology: the jumping deer sign.

The "jumping deer sign" is an ultrasonographic pattern that aids in identifying normal liver anatomy and distinguishing it from pathology. It includes the portal vein (deer's head and body), the gallbladder or cystic duct (tail), and the inferior vena cava (obstacle). This sign helps differentiate portal veins from intrahepatic ducts, crucial for diagnosing conditions like portal hypertension.

Self-Supervised Learning for Near-Wild Cognitive Workload Estimation.

Feedback on cognitive workload may reduce decision-making mistakes. Machine learning-based models can produce feedback from physiological data such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). Supervised machine learning requires large training data sets that are (1) relevant and decontaminated and (2) carefully labeled for accurate approximation, a costly and tedious procedure.