The Level of Awareness Among Surgical Physicians Regarding Surgical Site Infections and the Risks Associated With Wound Infections in Makkah.

Background and aims: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant contributor to mortality rates globally; therefore, to avoid these lethal complications, it is critical to incorporate patient safety and high-quality treatment approaches. This study aims to assess surgical physicians' awareness of SSIs and risks of wound infections in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among surgical physicians and interns in Makkah city hospitals through an online questionnaire from February 2023 to March 2023.

Obesity Prevalence and Association with Spirometry Profiles, ICU Admission, and Comorbidities Among Patients with COPD: Retrospective Study in Two Tertiary Centres in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Obesity is common among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and is associated with an increase in acute exacerbation episodes. However, data on obesity's impact on and association with clinical outcomes among patients with COPD are limited. This study aimed to determine overweight and obesity prevalence and associations with spirometry profiles, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and comorbidities in patients with COPD.

Burden of Illness of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with huge clinical and economic burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which can be curtailed by efficacious treatment. In order to achieve this, current treatment pathways for T2DM and associated costs need to be assessed.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort review was conducted to collect country-specific and patient-specific clinical data, over a minimum observation period of 5 years in the KSA.

Treatment of non-displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures with dynamic hip and cannulated screws resulting in avascular necrosis: A comparative study of complications.

Objectives: To compare the complications associated with cannulated hip screws (CHS) and dynamic hip screws (DHS) techniques.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective chart study, we reviewed the records and data of all patients operated upon by DHS or CHS for treatment of Garden type I and type II intracapsular non-displaced femoral neck fracture from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients with incomplete files or follow-ups of less than one year were excluded from the study.

Pineal Parenchymal Tumors of Intermediate Differentiation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTIDs) account for a significant proportion of pineal tumors and are classified as grade II/III according to the WHO classification. The management of PPTIDs remains controversial because of limited reported cases and the absence of standardized treatment guidelines. We present a case of an eight-year-old male child who presented with vomiting and a sudden squint of the eyes.

Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj.

The risk of transmission of respiratory tract infections is considerably enhanced at mass gathering (MG) religious events. Hajj is an annual Islamic MG event with approximately 3 million Muslim pilgrims from over 180 countries concentrated in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of influenza viruses circulating among pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage.

Solitary Osteochondroma at Unusual Sites: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Osteochondromas (OCs) are bone lesions composed of cartilaginous and medullary bone capped with hyaline cartilage. OCs result from the separation of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage, pushing through the periosteal bone cuff. They commonly appear as pedunculated or sessile masses in the metaphysis of long bones and are the most common benign bone tumors.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding the Rome IV Criteria for the Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Primary Healthcare Physicians in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) presents a significant challenge in the medical field due to its complex nature as a functional gastrointestinal illness (FGID) without clear biological markers. Diagnosis often involves ruling out other potential causes, leading to frustration for patients and difficulty in effective treatment. Given its high prevalence among FGIDs, primary healthcare (PHC) physicians play a crucial role in its initial assessment and management.

Prevalence of Back and Neck Pain Among Surgeons Regardless of Their Specialties in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are the second-most common complaint among surgeons.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of back and neck pain among Saudi surgeons of all specialties.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was used to collect data from 195 surgeons of different specialties in Saudi Arabia.

Improved Glycaemic Control and Nephroprotective Effects of Empagliflozin and Paricalcitol Co-Therapy in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Herein, we measured the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin; SGLT2i) and synthetic active vitamin D (paricalcitol; Pcal) mono- and co-therapy against diabetic nephropathy (DN). Fifty mice were assigned into negative (NC) and positive (PC) control, SGLT2i, Pcal, and SGLT2i+Pcal groups. Following establishment of DN, SGLT2i (5.

A Comparative Analysis of Complication Rates in Arthroscopic Repair of the Lateral Ankle Ligament and the Brostrom-Gould Technique: A Systematic Review.

Injury to the lateral ligament is the most common cause of chronic lateral ankle instability. Lateral ankle instability is usually managed through conservative management, but surgery is indicated if this fails to relieve the symptoms. Surgical repair of the lateral ligament involves many surgical techniques including the arthroscopic repair technique and the modified Brostrom-Gould technique.

Awareness About the Benefits of Post-bariatric Surgery in Diabetic Patients in Makkah Almukarramah, Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To measure awareness about the benefits of post-bariatric surgery, which is a shortening of the gut in order to lose weight in diabetic patients in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among diabetic patients aged 18-65 from February to July 2023. An online questionnaire via Google Forms was distributed and used to assess the participants' awareness of the benefits of post-bariatric surgery for diabetic patients.

The rate of ward to intensive care transfer and its predictors among hospitalized COPD patients, a retrospective study in a local tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and its predictors among hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted. All patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD according to the GOLD guidelines between 28 and 2020 and 1 March 2023 at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital were included in this study.

Views and Perceptions of Medical Representatives and Physicians about the Role of Medical Representatives and Pharmaceutical Advertisement in Saudi Arabia - A Pilot Study.

Objective: Medical representatives (MRs) frequently interact with physicians who may have different perceptions about and expectations from product promotional activities by pharmaceutical companies, especially through MRs. This can affect their prescribing practice. We explored the views and perceptions of MRs and physicians about the role of MRs and pharmaceutical advertisements in Saudi Arabia.

Recovery From Visual Loss After Endoscopic Endonasal Decompression of Iatrogenic Orbital Abscess.

Orbital complications are the second most common complications of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and orbital hematoma is the most frequent orbital complication. An orbital abscess is usually associated with rhinosinusitis, and a few cases of orbital abscesses occurring after orbital trauma have been reported. However, orbital abscess occurring after ESS is rare.

The Rate and Predictors of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Recurrence Post-sinus Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the persistent inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses (PNS). By definition, the inflammatory process persists beyond 12 weeks. One of its subtypes is allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), which has a high risk of recurrence, leading to revision surgery.

Synchronous Nasopharyngeal and Thyroid Malignancies: A Case Report.

This report presents a case of primary non-keratinizing, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer and an oncocytic (Hurthle cell) thyroid carcinoma developing simultaneously. The patient was diagnosed in August 2022 with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. After the staging process and before starting treatment for the patient, he was diagnosed with oncocytic (Hurthle cell) thyroid carcinoma on October 2022.

Isolation and Detection of Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens in Postoperative Wound Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs), especially when caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, are a major healthcare concern worldwide. For optimal treatment and prevention of antimicrobial resistance, it is important for clinicians to be aware of local drug-resistant bacterial pathogens that cause SSIs.

Objective: To determine the frequency patterns of drug-resistant bacterial strains causing SSIs at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Evaluating the clinical effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL in individuals with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on basal insulin: A real-world evidence study from Saudi Arabia (EVOLUTION).

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of switching to insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-U300) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) on basal insulin in Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective study that retrieved the medical records of adult T2D patients switched to Gla-U300 because of poor glycaemic control on their basal insulin. Data covering 6 months ± 30 days before and after the switch were retrieved.

Impact of implementing a stroke code on the door to needle time during Hajj at a tertiary center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To assess the impact of a stroke code on the door to needle time during Hajj at a tertiary center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Stroke is one of the most common medical problems globally. Tissue plasminogen activator is an effective treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of : An 11-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: () is a common causative pathogen in healthcare settings and displays increasing levels of resistance to common antimicrobial drugs. Its capacity to resist has been reported in multiple locations across the world. This study evaluates current levels of antibiotic resistance and seeks to understand antibiotic resistance patterns in the context of the clinical isolates of .

Sterile Silicone Ring Tourniquets in Limb Surgery: A Prospective Clinical Trial in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery.

Sterile silicone ring tourniquets (SSRTs) reduce intraoperative bleeding and provide a wide surgical view. Moreover, they reduce the risk of contamination and are cheaper than conventional pneumatic tourniquets. Our study describes the perioperative outcomes of sterile silicone ring tourniquet placement in pediatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Pediatric foreign body ingestion in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective epidemiological study.

Objectives: To improve the local data and demographics of foreign body (FB) ingestion in the Makkah, Saudi Arabia and to provide basic statistics for future studies in the local community.

Methods: We carried out a record-based retrospective epidemiological study of 153 pediatric patients with FB ingestion who presented to our center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, between December 2014 and December 2019. Adult age, impacted FB at other sites, and chemical ingestion were excluded.

Safety and tolerability of Empagliflozin use during the holy month of Ramadan by fasting patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients are exposed to a 7.5 times higher risk of hypoglycemia while fasting during Ramadan. Relevant diabetes guidelines prioritize the use of SGLT2 inhibitors over other classes.