Non-gonococcal septic arthritis of native joints in Western Australia. A longitudinal population-based study of frequency, risk factors and outcome.

Objective: To describe the incidence and long-term outcome of non-gonococcal septic arthritis (SA) in Western Australia (WA).

Methods: Newman criteria were applied to define culture-positive SA and suspected SA cases in the state-wide West Australian Rheumatic Diseases Epidemiological Registry with longitudinally linked health data for patients >16 years with a first diagnostic code of pyogenic arthritis (711.xx [ICD-9-CM] and M00.

Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Using the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Technique in the Detection of Prosthetic Joint Infections: A Multi-Centered Study.

Background: PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) techniques have been used for the diagnosis of bacteria in some infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PCR for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) and to identify isolated microorganisms, using the RFLP method.

Methods: During January 2015 to January 2018, patients who were suspected of having PJI after arthroplasty surgery or were candidates for revision surgery due to loosening of implant entered the study.

Reactive arthritis at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre 1992-2012: declining despite increasing chlamydia diagnoses.

Reactive arthritis is an under-studied complication of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection (chlamydia). We assessed trends and risk factors for reactive arthritis in a large urban sexual health clinic. Using a case-control design, data on reactive arthritis cases and controls at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre over the period 1992-2012 were extracted and multivariate analyses were performed.

Observations on Chlamydia trachomatis and other microbes in reactive arthritis.

There are problems in attributing causality in inflammatory arthritis. So far as C. trachomatis and sexually acquired reactive arthritis are concerned, there is much in favour of a causal relationship, although there are important caveats which need to be explored before it is possible to say unreservedly that C.

Reactive arthritis associated with Mycoplasma genitalium urethritis.

Mycoplasma genitalium is an important cause of sexually transmitted infections that is gaining recognition and is an independent cause of acute and chronic nongonococcal urethritis in men. M. genitalium has been implicated as a possible causative factor in reactive arthritis.

Approach to septic arthritis.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infectious arthritis can help prevent significant morbidity and mortality. The acute onset of monoarticular joint pain, erythema, heat, and immobility should raise suspicion of sepsis. Constitutional symptoms such as fever, chills, and rigors are poorly sensitive for septic arthritis.

Evidence-based diagnostics: adult septic arthritis.

Background: Acutely swollen or painful joints are common complaints in the emergency department (ED). Septic arthritis in adults is a challenging diagnosis, but prompt differentiation of a bacterial etiology is crucial to minimize morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: The objective was to perform a systematic review describing the diagnostic characteristics of history, physical examination, and bedside laboratory tests for nongonococcal septic arthritis.

Oucome of management of non-gonococcal septic arethritis at National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

Background: Septic arthritis is an accute bacterial infection of a synovial joint. It is an orthopaedic emergency that can lead to morbidity or mortality if not properly treated. the fundamental issues in the management of septic arthritis include the duration of antibiotic therapy, the mode of joint drainage and the role of physiotherapy.

Gonococcal and nongonococcal arthritis.

Acute bacterial arthritis usually is caused by gonococcal or nongonococcal infection of the joints. Nongonococcal and gonococcal arthritis are the most potentially dangerous and destructive forms of acute arthritis. These bacterial infections of the joints are usually curable with treatment, but morbidity and mortality are still significant in patients who have underlying rheumatoid arthritis, patients who have prosthetic joints, elderly patients, and patients who have severe and multiple comorbidities.

Does this adult patient have septic arthritis?

Context: In patients who present with an acutely painful and swollen joint, prompt identification and treatment of septic arthritis can substantially reduce morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To review the accuracy and precision of the clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of nongonococcal bacterial arthritis.

Data Sources: Structured PubMed and EMBASE searches (1966 through January 2007), limited to human, English-language articles and using the following Medical Subject Headings terms: arthritis, infectious, physical examination, medical history taking, diagnostic tests, and sensitivity and specificity.

Nonspecific urethritis and reactive arthritis.

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common sexually transmitted infection most often caused by Chlamydiae and Mycoplasmae. A few other organisms, as well as some nonsexual factors, also contribute to its etiology. NGU can result in considerable physical and psychological morbidity.

A swollen joint: why all the fuss?

Acute arthritis may be a potential medical emergency. An infected joint causes rapid cartilaginous destruction and risk of future osteoarthritis. Prompt attention to the historical clues and potential causative organisms ensures appropriate therapy.

IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in synovial fluid of patients with non-gonococcal septic arthritis.

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are the main proinflammatory cytokines responsible for the inflammatory process and cartilage destruction of inflammatory arthropathies. The present study sequentially measured the concentrations of these cytokines and their proportions of detectable levels in the synovial fluid (SF) of 23 patients with non-gonococcal (GC) septic arthritis before and after treatment. Persistently high concentrations and proportions of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were found up to day 7 of treatment, while SF IL-1beta concentration declined significantly after day 7 (p = 0.

[Postpartum septic arthritis. Two case reports].

Nongonococcal septic arthritis can occur during the postpartum period. We report two cases, one involving the wrist and the sacroiliac joints and the other the pubic symphysis. The difficulty of initial diagnosis in the postpartum period is emphasized.

Recognition and management of bacterial arthritis.

Bacterial arthritis is a bacterial infection of the joint. Apart from the classical gonococcal arthritis, nongonococcal arthritides include specific forms such as mycobacterial or Borrelia burgdorferi arthritis. Almost any bacterium can cause arthritis, provided that the route of penetration and the host response are suitable.

Group G streptococcal arthritis: case report and review of the literature.

Nongonococcal septic arthritis in adults is usually caused by infections with staphylococcal or streptococcal species. In patients with underlying diseases, especially those with chronic joint disease or malignancy, bacterial isolates from infected joint spaces may include group G streptococci. Occasionally, group G streptococcal arthritis may occur in otherwise healthy individuals.

HIV infection as a risk factor for septic arthritis.

We prospectively studied the demographics, the clinical and diagnostic features, the HIV-1 serostatus and the therapeutic response for all new patients with septic arthritis (SA) admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of the Centre Hospitalier de Kigali, Rwanda, over a 19 month period. SA was diagnosed in 24 patients (10 male, 14 female), of whom 19 (79%) were HIV-1 seropositive (HIVpos). Gonococcal arthritis was found in four patients, all HIVpos.

Monarthritis: differential diagnosis.

Acute monarthritis should be regarded as infectious until proved otherwise. Early evaluation is crucial because of the capacity of some infectious agents to destroy cartilage rapidly. The history and physical examination can provide highly suggestive clues, but a definitive diagnosis may depend on arthrocentesis and analysis of synovial fluid.

Reactive arthritis in patients attending an urban sexually transmitted diseases clinic.

Objective: To assess the prevalence, clinical manifestations, associated genital infections, and HLA associations of reactive arthritis (ReA) among patients attending an urban sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic.

Methods: Using a standardized questionnaire, 271 consecutive adults, primarily black, with possible or proven Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection were screened for symptoms of ReA. A followup questionnaire was administered 6 weeks later by mail.

Change in the epidemiology of Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis) in the post-AIDS era? An analysis of cases appearing in the Greek Army.

Objective: During the last 5 years we observed a significant decrease in the incidence of newly established cases of Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis) in Greek Army personnel. Our study was initiated to validate this observation and to evaluate a possible change in the prevalence of Reiter's syndrome (RS) associated infections.

Methods: The case records of patients with reactive arthritis (ReA) admitted during the periods 1980-83 and 1989-92 at a large Army Hospital were studied retrospectively and the cases of RS were reviewed.

Immunopathological features of rat Staphylococcus aureus arthritis.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial species found in nongonococcal bacterial arthritis in humans. We present the first description, to our knowledge, of an outbreak of spontaneous staphylococcal arthritis in a rat colony. In a group of 10 rats, 9 displayed arthritis.

Nongonococcal bacterial arthritis.

The most salient features of nongonococcal bacterial arthritis are reviewed. Factors such as life expectancy, prosthetic joints, arthroscopies, the spread of the AIDS epidemic, and of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as modifiers of the course of these arthritides are discussed.