Insight into the Environmental Health Consciousness of Medical Students Regarding the Perceived Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health.

Climate change represents an unprecedented global public health crisis with extensive and profound implications. The Lancet Commission identified it as the foremost health challenge of the 21st century. In 2015, air pollution alone caused approximately 9 million premature deaths worldwide.

Comparing the Efficacy and Long-Term Outcomes of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors, Metformin, and Insulin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and decreased insulin secretion. With its rising global prevalence, effective management strategies are critical to reducing morbidity and mortality. This systematic review compares the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of four major pharmacological treatments for T2DM: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, metformin, and insulin.

Comparative Efficacy and Long-Term Outcomes of Beta-Blockers Alone or in Combination With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review provides a comprehensive comparison of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the management of chronic heart failure (CHF), with a focus on their long-term efficacy and safety profiles. By synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical studies, the review highlights the significant benefits of both drug classes in reducing mortality and hospital readmissions, and improving patient outcomes. Beta-blockers, such as bisoprolol and carvedilol, demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing sudden cardiac death, particularly in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Efficacy and safety of misoprostol compared with dinoprostone for labor induction at term: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Labor induction is a common obstetric intervention, increasingly performed worldwide, often using prostaglandins like misoprostol and dinoprostone.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of intravaginal misoprostol versus dinoprostone for inducing labor, examining their impact on various maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using four databases-PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library-from January 2000 to April 2023.

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Professional Performance and Stress Resilience Among Healthcare Practitioners.

Objectives Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions effectively, a skill essential in the high-stress environment of healthcare. Research suggests that healthcare professionals with higher EI are better equipped to handle stress, maintain resilience, and make sound judgments under pressure, ultimately enhancing job performance. This paper examines EI's predictive role in managing job performance and resistance to stress among healthcare professionals, aiming to explore how elevated EI may strengthen their coping abilities and contribute to improved stress management, professional judgment, and resilience in challenging work settings.

The Management of Osteoporosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has shown a growing association with osteoporosis, comprising part of the broader CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). CKD-MBD is marked by alterations in calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D metabolism, significantly elevating fracture risk. While traditional osteoporosis treatments such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and teriparatide have been adapted for CKD patients, recent innovations have introduced agents aimed at enhancing bone mass and reducing fracture incidence.

Influence of Work-Life Balance on Mental Health Among Nurses: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Job Satisfaction.

Background: Nurses constitute the backbone of the healthcare sector, often confronting elevated levels of work-related stress and emotional demands that can profoundly impact their mental well-being. Mental health is critical to nursing practice as it directly influences job performance, patient care quality, and workforce sustainability. This study examines the effects of work-life balance on the mental health of nurses in Pakistan while examining the intermediary effects of psychological capital and job satisfaction.

Two-stage surgical approach for type III odontoid fracture with C1-C2 fracture dislocation: a case report and management overview.

Introduction And Importance: Odontoid fractures of the second cervical vertebra (C2) are categorized into three types, with type III extending into the body of the axis. These fractures, often resulting from high-energy trauma, can cause significant instability and neurological issues. This case report discusses a 43-year-old male with a type III odontoid fracture and C1-C2 fracture dislocation, demonstrating the effectiveness of traditional neurosurgical techniques in managing such complex injuries.

Correlation Between Transient Elastography and Non-invasive Biomarker Scores for the Detection of Liver Fibrosis.

Background and aim The study aimed to address the need for reliable and non-invasive biomarkers (NIBM) for detecting fibrosis among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Material and methods This was a diagnostic validation study executed at the Department of Gastroenterology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The study was carried out from July 2023 to June 2024, enrolling a total of 88 patients using non-probability consecutive sampling.

A Comprehensive Case Report on Familial Multiple Lipomatosis.

Familial multiple lipomatosis (FML) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the progressive development of encapsulated nodules predominantly on the trunk and extremities. Its genetic basis is linked to HMGA-2 gene over-expression. The condition is diagnosed via clinical history, ultrasound findings, and histological studies, and management mainly comprises surgical excision.

Baricitinib as monotherapy and with topical corticosteroids in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of dose-response.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects millions worldwide, presenting challenges in managing symptoms and quality of life. Current treatments include topical corticosteroids (TCS), but novel approaches, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, show promise. Baricitinib, a selective JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, targets cytokines involved in AD and offers potential benefits beyond traditional therapies.

Evaluating Risk Factors and the Burden of Silent Myocardial Ischemia Among Diabetic Patients.

Introduction: Silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is a significant concern for diabetic patients, often remaining undetected until severe complications arise. Prolonged hyperglycemia, poor glycemic control, and lifestyle factors contribute to its risk, with older adults and those with long-standing diabetes particularly vulnerable.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and predictors of SMI in adults with diabetes, emphasizing long-term management and monitoring.

Understanding childhood obesity in Pakistan: exploring the knowledge, attitudes, practices of mothers, and influential factors. A cross-sectional study.

Background: Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue with far-reaching implications. The World Health Organization reported that in 2020, around 38 million children under five were overweight or obese globally, and in 2016, 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were affected. In Pakistan, the situation is alarming; 66.

Assessing Mortality Disparities Among Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Metabolic Dysfunction Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a major global health concern due to its association with increased mortality. While previous studies have indicated a link between NAFLD and mortality, variations in risk factors such as age, sex, and disease severity warrant a comprehensive meta-analysis to clarify these associations. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk associated with NAFLD, considering various subgroups defined by age, sex, disease severity, presence of cirrhosis or fibrosis, study quality, and follow-up duration.