Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on bone mineral density in patients with prostate cancer.

Objectives: To access the effects of acute and chronic Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Bone Marrow Density and related bone markers; to compare the bone loss among the patients who terminated GnRH use and control group (not given ADP therapy at all) with the ones with acute or chronic Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Oncology Department of Nishtar Medical University & Hospital Multan for one year. Bone mineral density of the entire body, 1/3 distal radius, ultra-distal forearm, femoral neck, and lumbar spine, was measured in 40 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer at baseline for the duration of six months.

Macrosomia predictors and pregnancy outcomes in Gestational Diabetes patients: An observational study from Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors for macrosomia and pregnancy outcome in women with gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods: In this prospective observational study, we included the data of 161 pregnant females diagnosed with GDM. The study was conducted from December 1st, 2020 to June 30, 2021, at the Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH) of Hail, Saudi Arabia.

Comparison between outcome of single dose of prophylactic antibiotic versus postoperative antibiotic in inguinal hernia surgery.

Objectives: To compare the outcome prophylactic antibiotics and routine pre-surgical and post-surgical in terms of incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and to explore the effect of various factors such as duration of surgery and patient characteristics (if any).

Methods: A double-blinded prospective analysis of a total of 60 patients with the primary inguinal hernia was conducted from 24 August 2020 to 24 August 2021 at the Surgical Department of Nishtar Medical University & Hospital, Multan. The participants of the study were categorized into two groups such that 30 consecutive patients were placed in the study group who were administered with a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic 30 minutes before to mesh repair surgery and the remaining 30 patients were placed in the control group who were administered routine antibiotics pre and post-operatively.

Psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of case reports and case series.

Background: Preliminary data suggest that patients with COVID-19 may experience psychiatric symptoms, including psychosis. We systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the concurrence of new-onset psychosis or exacerbation of clinically stable psychosis through case reports and case series.

Methods: Six databases were searched, followed by an electronic and manual search of the relevant articles.

Delayed Splenic Rupture due to an Occult Primary Injury.

Spleen, due to its unique position and relative mobility, is the most vulnerable organ in blunt abdominal injuries. After splenic trauma, hemodynamically unstable patients are treated with splenectomy. Delayed splenic rupture presents 48 to 72 hours after blunt abdominal trauma and is a rare entity.

Frequency and Management of Adverse Drug Reactions Among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: Analysis From a Prospective Study.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) management is often linked with a higher rate of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) needing effective and timely management of these ADRs, which, if left untreated, may result in a higher rate of loss to follow-up of drug-resistant patients. The study was aimed at prospectively identifying the nature, frequency, suspected drugs, and management approaches for ADRs along with risk factors of ADRs occurrence among DR-TB patients at Nishtar Medical University, Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. The prospective study included all the DR-TB patients enrolled for treatment from January 2016 to May 2017 at the study site Patients were evaluated for the treatment-induced ADRs as per standard criteria of the National Tuberculosis Program, Pakistan.

Multinodular goitre surgery complications and directly observed surgeons' skills: A prospective double-blind observational cohort study.

Objective: To study multinodular goitre patients' surgery by direct observation of surgical technique, and to compare complications with surgeons' skills and experience, for improved training of future thyroid surgeons.

Methods: Based on positivist epistemology and analytical observational design, this prospective double-blind study of a cohort of multinodular goitre patients operated upon by variedly experienced surgeons, was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur and Nishtar Medical University Hospital Multan, Pakistan, from December 2016 to April 2019. Patients were admitted through outpatient department and operated upon in routine operation lists.

Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Triple Therapy Versus Sequential Therapy in Helicobacter pylori Eradication.

Introduction: () colonization is prevalent all over the world, and it is associated with low socioeconomic status, poor hygiene, and overcrowding. Its eradication is important since it is an etiologic agent for gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Different regimens are available for the eradication of and include triple therapy and sequential therapy.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Background Underdeveloped countries suffer a huge burden of infectious diseases, among which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are of major concern. Our study sought to determine the seroconversion rate for HBV via hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) and HCV via anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) among patients on maintenance hemodialysis in the dialysis unit of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methodology This study was carried out from October 2020 to January 2022 at the hemodialysis unit and the urology department of a tertiary care hospital in Multan.

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma in Premenopausal Woman: A Delayed Diagnosis Due to Socio-Cultural Factors Prevalent in Pakistan.

A 41-year-old premenopausal woman presented to the outpatient department with a diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma. She noticed a lump a year back but did not seek medical attention due to many socio-cultural factors prevalent in Pakistan that prevent her from seeking medical attention earlier. She came in for a check-up after increasing in size of the lump.

Hearing improvement among children with cholesteatoma who underwent canal wall up and canal wall down surgical management.

Objectives: The most frequently used surgical methods for treating cholesteatoma include canal wall up and canal wall down procedures. The objective of the study was to compare the hearing improvement among children with cholesteatoma who underwent canal wall up and canal wall down surgical management.

Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study design was used.

Double Peptic Ulcer Perforation due to Cumulative Effects of Post-surgery Stress and NSAIDs: A Rare Event in Surgical Practice.

Peptic ulcer disease affects a large number of people around the world. Complications occur in 10-20% of patients and perforation develops in 2-14% of the cases. It can either be in the pyloric part of the stomach or in the first part of duodenum.

Neurocysticercosis presenting as psychosis: A case report and a brief literature review.

Patients with neurocysticercosis, a common infection of the central nervous system caused by , have been reported to develop neuropsychiatric complications. We report a unique case of recurrent psychosis caused by neurocysticercosis in a 37-year-old El Salvador immigrant woman and discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the complications. We reviewed published case reports of neurocysticercosis that presented with psychotic features and compared their diagnostic evaluation, the underlying pathophysiology of complications and treatment regimen with our case.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Of Trunk In A Male Patient.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare cutaneous malignancy. Usual sites of origin are trunk and extremities. Aetiology of the condition is not well understood but a genetic basis is explained as a reciprocal translocation t (17l;22) (q22; q13).

Clinical and Epidemiological Spectrum of Acute Viral Hepatitis Due to Hepatitis A and E in Children: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital-Based Study.

Objective: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in children is a serious and major public health concern globally and in developing countries such as Pakistan. We conducted this study to determine the clinical and epidemiological spectrum of AVH due to hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in children.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine Department of a tertiary care hospital from February 20, 2020, to February 20, 2022.

Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries.

Introduction: Existing risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings.

Methods: We used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, including children evaluated for pneumonia in 20 low-income and middle-income countries.

Impact of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy on Stillbirth and Other Perinatal Outcomes: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on stillbirths and other perinatal outcomes among women in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at two tertiary care hospitals, Aga Khan Hospital (AKU) and Liaquat National Hospital (LNH) in Karachi, Pakistan. The primary outcome variable of this study was stillbirth.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as the initial presentation of essential thrombocythemia - A case report and literature review.

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are associated with vascular thrombosis. Common sites for thrombosis are large arteries; however, less commonly, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has also been reported. It is rare to have CVST as an initial presentation of MPD.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Rosuvastatin 5 mg and 10 mg in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Dyslipidemia.

Objectives We did this study intending to compare the efficacy of rosuvastatin 5 mg and 10 mg in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with dyslipidemia by validating their effect on lipid profile and the side effects. Methodology This study was carried out at the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Multan. Three hundred patients of both genders were included.

Impending perforation near ileocecal junction due to phytobezoar impaction and intraluminal polyp: a case report.

Introduction: Bezoars and polyps are an uncommon cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction. There are four different kinds of bezoars: phytobezoars, made of vegetables and fibers; trichobezoars, resulting from the ingestion of hair and frequently an expression of psychiatric disorders; lactobezoars, which are formed of milk curd; and pharmacobezoars, caused by drugs and medications. Signs and symptoms classically vary from abdominal pain to constipation, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension.

A Large Hydatid Cyst in the Brain of a 10-year Child.

Hydatid cyst is the larval form of the parasite, echinococcus granulosus. We operated upon a case of a giant hydatid cyst in the left cerebral hemisphere of a 10-year male child. The patient presented to us with a history of headache, vomiting, vertigo and difficulty in walking.

Stroke-like Symptoms as Presenting Signs of Varicella Zoster Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Adult.

Varicella zoster is one of the common causes of aseptic meningitis, typically seen in immunosuppressed individuals and rarely in the immunocompetent. The varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is normally associated with a dermatomal rash in the abdomen with spread to the back. The small prevalence of VZV in immunocompetent individuals may be due to lack of recognition; thus, it is always important to keep it in mind when meningitis is in the differential.