Comprehensive effects of heavy-ion beam irradiation on sweet potato ( [L.] Lam.).

Sweet potato is a major root crop with nutritious tuberous roots. The mechanism of tuberous root development has not yet been adequately elucidated. Genetic resources are required to develop the molecular understanding of sweet potato.

Targeted α-therapy using astatine (At)-labeled PSMA1, 5, and 6: a preclinical evaluation as a novel compound.

Purpose: Targeted α-therapy (TAT) for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Astatine is an α-emitter (half-life=7.2 h) that can be produced by a 30-MeV cyclotron.

Radio-fluorogenic nanoclay gel dosimeters with reduced linear energy transfer dependence for carbon-ion beam radiotherapy.

Purpose: The precise assessment of the dose distribution of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation remains a challenge, because the signal of most dosimeters will be saturated due to the high ionization density. Such measurements are particularly important for heavy-ion beam cancer therapy. On this basis, the present work examined the high LET effect associated with three-dimensional gel dosimetry based on radiation-induced chemical reactions.

A comprehensive theoretical study of positron binding and annihilation properties of hydrogen bonded binary molecular clusters.

We studied the positron binding and annihilation of hydrogen bonded binary molecular clusters containing small inorganic molecules such as water, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, and phosphine, using first-principles calculation. While unimolecular systems of these species mostly exhibit no or very small positron binding energies (positron affinities), we found that all of their hydrogen bonding clusters have greater positive positron affinities. The permanent dipole moment enhanced by the formation of the intermolecular hydrogen bond acts as a dominant parameter to bind a positron for a given proton donor, whereas it is insufficient for reproducing the dependence of the positron affinity on substitutions of the proton donor.

Proton Hyperpolarization Relay from Nanocrystals to Liquid Water.

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using transient electron spin polarization generated by photoexcitation can improve nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensitivity far beyond the thermal equilibrium limit for analysis in life science and drug discovery. However, DNP of liquid water at room temperature remains an important challenge. Here, we propose a new method called hyperpolarization relay, in which the nonequilibrium polarization of electron spins is transferred to proton spins in the nanocrystals and then to proton spins in bulk water.

Production cross sections of samarium-153 and -145 via alpha-particle-induced reactions on natural neodymium.

Production cross sections of Sm via alpha-particle-induced reactions on Nd were measured up to 23 MeV. The stacked-foil activation technique and high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry were adopted for the measurement. The obtained cross sections were compared with the literature data and the TENDL-2019 and TENDL-2021 values.

Observation of a correlated free four-neutron system.

A long-standing question in nuclear physics is whether chargeless nuclear systems can exist. To our knowledge, only neutron stars represent near-pure neutron systems, where neutrons are squeezed together by the gravitational force to very high densities. The experimental search for isolated multi-neutron systems has been an ongoing quest for several decades, with a particular focus on the four-neutron system called the tetraneutron, resulting in only a few indications of its existence so far, leaving the tetraneutron an elusive nuclear system for six decades.

Protection from contamination by At, an enigmatic but promising alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide.

Purpose: At, a promising alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide, can easily volatilize and contaminate the environment. To safely manage this unique alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide, we investigated the permeability of four types of plastic films and two types of rubber gloves against At and identified suitable materials that prevent contamination by At.

Methods: Four types of plastic films, polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, and a laminated film, and two types of rubber gloves, latex and nitrile, were examined.

Discharge characteristics of steady-state high-density plasma source based on cascade arc discharge with hollow cathode.

We developed a steady-state high-density plasma source by applying a hollow cathode to a cascade arc discharge device. The hollow cathode is made of a thermionic material (LaB) to facilitate plasma production inside it. The cascade arc discharge device with the hollow cathode produced a stationary plasma with an electron density of about 10 cm.

First Application of Mass Measurements with the Rare-RI Ring Reveals the Solar r-Process Abundance Trend at A=122 and A=123.

The Rare-RI Ring (R3) is a recently commissioned cyclotronlike storage ring mass spectrometer dedicated to mass measurements of exotic nuclei far from stability at Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) in RIKEN. The first application of mass measurement using the R3 mass spectrometer at RIBF is reported. Rare isotopes produced at RIBF-^{127}Sn, ^{126}In, ^{125}Cd, ^{124}Ag, ^{123}Pd-were injected in R3.

Novel Coupled Channel Framework Connecting the Quark Model and Lattice QCD for the Near-threshold D_{s} States.

A novel framework is proposed to extract near-threshold resonant states from finite-volume energy levels of lattice QCD and is applied to elucidate structures of the positive parity D_{s}. The quark model, the quark-pair-creation mechanism and D^{(*)}K interaction are incorporated into the Hamiltonian effective field theory. The bare 1^{+} cs[over ¯] states are almost purely given by the states with heavy-quark spin bases.

Production cross sections of Mn in alpha-particle-induced reactions on natural vanadium.

Activation cross sections of alpha-particle-induced reactions on natural vanadium were measured. The production cross sections of Mn, Cr, V, and Sc were determined up to 50 MeV. The stacked-foil activation technique and high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry were used.

Precise Measurement of Differential Cross Sections of the Σ^{-}p→Λn Reaction in Momentum Range 470-650 MeV/c.

The differential cross sections of the Σ^{-}p→Λn reaction were measured accurately for the Σ^{-} momentum (p_{Σ}) ranging from 470 to 650  MeV/c at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility. Precise angular information about the Σ^{-}p→Λn reaction was obtained for the first time by detecting approximately 100 reaction events at each angular step of Δcosθ=0.1.

Whole Three-Dimensional Dosimetry of Carbon Ion Beams with an MRI-Based Nanocomposite Fricke Gel Dosimeter Using Rapid Mapping Method.

MRI-based gel dosimeters are attractive systems for the evaluation of complex dose distributions in radiotherapy. In particular, the nanocomposite Fricke gel dosimeter is one among a few dosimeters capable of accurately evaluating the dose distribution of heavy ion beams. In contrast, reduction of the scanning time is a challenging issue for the acquisition of three-dimensional volume data.

Triplet Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Guest Molecules through Induced Fit in a Flexible Metal-Organic Framework.

Dynamic nuclear polarization utilizing photoexcited triplet electrons (triplet-DNP) has great potential for room-temperature hyperpolarization of nuclear spins. However, the polarization transfer to molecules of interest remains a challenge due to the fast spin relaxation and weak interaction with target molecules at room temperature in conventional host materials. Here, we demonstrate the first example of DNP of guest molecules in a porous material at around room temperature by utilizing the induced-fit-type structural transformation of a crystalline yet flexible metal-organic framework (MOF).

Different Growth and Sporulation Responses to Temperature Gradient among Obligate Apomictic Strains of .

The green macroalga has a number of variants, some of which are asexual (independent from sexual variants). Although it has been harvested for food, the yield is decreasing. To meet market demand, developing elite cultivars is required.

A novel mutant with triple the dietary fiber content in white rice.

Dietary fiber has high functional value in relation to gut flora. We searched for a high-lysine mutant of the most popular rice cultivar in Japan, 'Koshihikari', as a route to a higher dietary fiber content like a success case in new barley cultivar, 'Beau-fiber'. We found several promising high-lysine mutants with high dietary fiber content.

Probing Gluon Spin-Momentum Correlations in Transversely Polarized Protons through Midrapidity Isolated Direct Photons in p^{↑}+p Collisions at sqrt[s]=200 GeV.

Studying spin-momentum correlations in hadronic collisions offers a glimpse into a three-dimensional picture of proton structure. The transverse single-spin asymmetry for midrapidity isolated direct photons in p^{↑}+p collisions at sqrt[s]=200  GeV is measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Because direct photons in particular are produced from the hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force, this measurement is a clean probe of initial-state spin-momentum correlations inside the proton and is in particular sensitive to gluon interference effects within the proton.

Double Mutant Analysis with the Large Flower Mutant, , to Explore the Regulatory Network Controlling the Flower and Seed Sizes in .

Two growth processes, cell proliferation and expansion, determine plant species-specific organ sizes. A large flower mutant in , (), was isolated from a mutant library. In the flowers, post-mitotic cell expansion and endoreduplication of nuclear DNA were promoted.

Stabilization of an At-Labeled Antibody with Sodium Ascorbate.

At, an α-particle emitter, has recently attracted attention for radioimmunotherapy of intractable cancers. However, our sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analyses revealed that At-labeled immunoconjugates are easily disrupted. Luminol assay revealed that reactive oxygen species generated from radiolysis of water caused the disruption of At-labeled immunoconjugates.