Developmental outcome after corpus callosotomy for infants and young children with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Aim: To examine the developmental and seizure outcomes after corpus callosotomy (CC) in early childhood.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 106 patients who underwent CC for drug-resistant epilepsy before the age of 6 years, at the Nagasaki Medical Center, between July 2002 and July 2016. Patients' developmental outcomes were evaluated one year after CC using the Kinder Infant Development Scale.

Subcortical axonal loss with glial reactions following partial status epilepticus with neuroradiological findings of reduced subcortical diffusion.

Hyperintensity in the subcortical white matter on the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance image has been described recently, in association with partial status epilepticus. Although this reduced subcortical diffusion is typically seen in patients with acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD), the exact pathophysiological mechanism is unclear. We report the case of a 3-month-old boy who underwent surgery for intractable epilepsy associated with cortical dysplasia in the left peri-Rolandic area, coincident with the appearance of reduced subcortical diffusion.

Outcome of vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: the first three years of a prospective Japanese registry.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established option of adjunctive treatment for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, however, evidence for long-term efficacy is still limited. Studies on clinical outcomes of VNS in Asia are also limited. We report the overall outcome of a national, prospective registry that included all patients implanted in Japan.

Ionic Liquid-Mediated Hydrofluorination of o-Azaxylylenes Derived from 3-Bromooxindoles.

The hydrofluorination reaction of 3-bromooxindole using mild HF reagents in an ionic liquid is described. This transformation can operate at room temperature to give a series of 3-substituted 3-fluorooxindole derivatives including racemic BMS 204352 (MaxiPost). The mechanistic study about interactions between HF and 3-butyl-1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF] is also discussed on the basis of energy calculations.

PET-CT observations of cortical activity in pre-lingually deaf adolescent and adult patients with cochlear implantation.

Conclusions: The present study yielded useful information concerning pre-lingually deaf adolescents and adults who try or manage to understand languages. PET-CT can provide insights into brain plasticity and elucidate which mode of communication is the most effective for education of such patients.

Objectives: To study the cortical activity in pre-lingually deaf adolescent and adult cochlear implants (CI) users who have been trained in auditory-verbal/oral communication since childhood.