Perceived Age Discrimination has Different Effects on Japanese People's Wellbeing Based on Age Groups.

This study elucidates the direct and indirect effects of perceived age discrimination on depressive symptoms and life satisfaction among young, middle-aged, and older adults-through the mediator variables of psychosocial resources and aging stereotypes. Data were collected through a web-based survey conducted in Japan. The total sample size was 2400: 400 men and women in each of the age groups 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 to 79.

Nutritional Value of Yogurt as a Protein Source: Digestibility/Absorbability and Effects on Skeletal Muscle.

Yogurt is a traditional fermented food that is accepted worldwide for its high palatability and various health values. The milk protein contained in yogurt exhibits different physical and biological properties from those of non-fermented milk protein due to the fermentation and manufacturing processes. These differences are suggested to affect the time it takes to digest and absorb milk protein, which in turn will influence the blood levels of amino acids and/or hormones, such as insulin, and thereby, the rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis via the activation of intracellular signaling, such as the mTORC1 pathway.

Incidence and factor analysis for the heat-related illness on the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Introduction: Among the 43 venues of Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games (OG) and 33 venues of Paralympic Games (PG) were held, the heat island effect was highly expected to cause heat-related illnesses in the outdoor venues with maximum temperatures exceeding 35°C. However, the actual number of heat-related illness cases during the competition was lower than that was initially expected, and it was unclear under what conditions or environment-related heat illnesses occurred among athletes.

Object: To clarify the cause and factors contributing to the occurrence of heat-related illness among athletes participating in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Cost-effectiveness of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A multi-centre prospective cohort study.

Aim: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is an evolving resuscitative method for refractory cardiopulmonary arrests. However, considering the substantial healthcare costs and resources involved, there is an urgent need for a full economic evaluation. We therefore assessed the cost-effectiveness of ECPR for refractory ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VF/pVT).

Repeated stretch-shortening contraction of the triceps surae attenuates muscle atrophy and liver dysfunction in a rat model of inflammation.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Is stretch-shortening contraction effective to attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy and hepatic dysfunction in a rat model of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS)-induced inflammation (PG-PS rat)? What are the main findings and their importance? Stretch-shortening contraction attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy in the trained leg and increases circulating interleukin-10 in PG-PS rats. Stretch-shortening contraction also ameliorates liver dysfunction in PG-PS rats, possibly via increased blood interleukin-10. These findings are important because they suggest that stretch-shortening contraction is effective to maintain liver function in addition to exercised skeletal muscle mass.

Resistance exercise with anti-inflammatory foods attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy induced by chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation (CI) can contribute to muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Resistance exercise (RE) promotes increased and/or maintenance of skeletal muscle mass, but the effects of RE in the presence of CI are unclear. In this study, we developed a novel animal model of CI-induced muscle atrophy and examined the effect of acute or chronic RE by electrical stimulation.

Whole-body vibration training improves the balance ability and leg strength of athletic throwers.

Background: Physical strength improvements have been observed with whole-body vibration training (WBVT); however, the appropriate load and duration have not been determined. Furthermore, studies on WBVT in throwing athletes, for whom power training is important, are lacking. Therefore, we examined the effectiveness of lower limb training by WBVT in male throwing athletes.

Masseter Muscle Activity in Track and Field Athletes: A Pilot Study.

Teeth clenching has been shown to improve remote muscle activity (by augmentation of the Hoffmann reflex), and joint fixation (by decreased reciprocal inhibition) in the entire body. Clenching could help maintain balance, improve systemic function, and enhance safety. Teeth clenching from a sports dentistry viewpoint was thought to be important and challenging.

Gender difference of aerobic contribution to surface performances in finswimming: analysis using the critical velocity method.

Purpose: Finswimming is a speed competition sport practiced on the surface or underwater, by using monofins or two fins. In surface events (SF), competitors should surface within 15 m after the start and any turns. The aim of this study was to investigate the gender differences in the aerobic contribution to SF performances in finswimming, using the critical velocity (CV) concept in the analysis.