Three-dimensional positions of the center of resistance of the maxillary canine distal movement under orthodontic force loading.

Using finite-element analysis, we aimed to determine the center of resistance (CRes) of the maxillary canine for setting orthodontic forces. The inclination of the canine was measured by first loading from the mesial to the distal side of the mesial root surface, then the position and direction of the load that minimized the inclination were investigated. The CRes was defined as the set of midpoints of the minimum distances between two inclination lines.

Three-dimensional location and distribution of the center of resistance in the maxillary first molar applied to occlusal force.

We aimed to investigate the center of resistance (CRes) of the maxillary first molar to set the occlusal force through finite element analysis. The inclination of the molar was measured, with loading to the root on the crown, and the position and direction of the load that minimized the inclination were investigated. The CRes was defined as the set of midpoints of the minimum distances between the two lines.

Estimation of three-dimensional long axes of the maxillary and mandibular first molars with regression analysis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the long axes of molars with multiple roots through ordinary least squares regression (LSR) and to compare them with the axes defined by principal component analysis (PCA). Three-dimensional radiological images of 20 dry skulls were obtained by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Data from maxillary and mandibular first molars were extracted from the CBCT DICOM data with a three-dimensional image visualization system.

Comparative morphology of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in the tongue of the Abyssinian black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza).

We observed the morphology of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate) and their underlying connective tissue cores (CTCs) in Abyssinian black-and-white colobus monkeys using light and scanning electron microscopy. The tongues of both juvenile and senescent individuals were relatively short in the rostro-caudal direction, with a rounded apex. Lingual tori were absent.

Comparative Morphology of the Lingual Papillae and Their Connective Tissue Cores in the Tongue of Pallas's Squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus thai, Kloss, 1917).

We observed the morphology of the papilla linguae (filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate) and underlying connective tissue cores (CTCs) in Pallas's squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus thai) using light and scanning electron microscopy. The tongue was caudally elongated and lacked the lingual torus. Filiform papillae were densely distributed along the dorsal surface of the apex, and the rostral and caudal parts of the corpus, but were attenuated in the lingual root.

Expression of c-kit and Cytokeratin 5 in the Submandibular Gland after Release of Long-Term Ligation of the Main Excretory Duct in Mice.

Long-term submandibular duct obstruction is thought to cause irreversible atrophy and dysfunction of the submandibular gland. As an atrophic gland may be induced clinically by chronic or recurrent infection, it is generally removed surgically. However, the regenerative capacity of atrophic submandibular glands after long-term obstruction is not completely understood.

[Virulence of Candida dubliniensis in comparison with Candida albicans using an experimental model of mouse oral candiddiasis].

Certain species of Candida are known as opportunistic fungal pathogens and Candida albicans has especially been isolated oral candidiasis patients at high frequency as a result of its strong pathogenicity. Recently C. dubliniensis is isolated mainly from immunocompromised patients, but is also detected from healthy persons.

Comparative morphology of the Papillae Linguales and their connective tissue cores in the tongue of the greater japanese shrew-mole, Urotrichus talpoides.

The external morphology of the papillae linguales (papillae filiformes, papillae fungiformes and papillae vallatae) and their connective tissue cores (CTCs) of the greater Japanese shrew-mole (Urotrichus talpoides) were analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Papillae filiformes were distributed over the dorsal surface of the apex linguae, and on the rostral and caudal regions of the corpus linguae but were less numerous in the mid-region. They were absent from the radix linguae.

Light and scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue and lingual papillae of the common raccoon, Procyon lotor.

We observed the external surface and connective tissue cores (CTCs), after exfoliation of the epithelium of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, foliate and vallate papillae) of the common raccoon (Procyon lotor) using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The tongue was elongated and their two-third width was almost fixed. Numerous filiform papillae were distributed along the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and fungiform papillae were distributed between the filiform papillae.

Light and scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue and lingual papillae of the common hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius.

We observed the three-dimensional structures of the external surface and connective tissue cores CTCs, after exfoliation of the epithelium of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, and foliate papillae) of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius) using scanning electron microscopy and conventional light microscopy. Following unique features were found; typical vallate papillae with a circumferential furrow were not observable. Instead, numerous large fungiform papillae were rather densely distributed on the posterior of the lingual prominence.

Light and scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue and lingual papillae of the Japanese badgers, Meles meles anakuma.

We observed the three-dimensional structures of the external surface and connective tissue cores (CTCs), after exfoliation of the epithelium of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform and foliate papillae) of the Japanese badgers (Meles meles anakuma) using scanning electron microscopy and conventional light microscopy. Macroscopically, the tongue was elongated anterior-posteriorly and the apex rounded. Numerous filiform papillae and fungiform papillae were distributed all over the tongue except at the root.

Diversity of laccase among Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes.

The pathogenic yeast C. neoformans is classified into three varieties with five serotypes; var. grubii (serotype A), var.

Light and scanning electron microscopic study on the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores of the Cape hyrax Procavia capensis.

We examined the epithelial surface and connective tissue cores (CTCs) of each lingual papilla on the Paenungulata, Cape hyrax (Procavia capensis), by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The tongue consisted of a lingual apex, lingual body and lingual root. Filiform, fungiform and foliate papillae were observed on the dorsal surface of the tongue; however, fungiform papillae were quite diminished on the lingual prominence.

Scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue and lingual papillae of the adult Spotted seal, Phoca largha.

We observed the external surface and connective tissue cores (CTCs) of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae) of adult Spotted seals (Phoca largha) using SEM and light microscopy. The tongue was V-shaped and its apex was rather rounded. On the dorsal surface from apex to the one-third posterior of the tongue, the lingual mucosa was densely covered by filiform papillae, with a scatted distribution of dome-like fungiform papillae, which have orthokeratinized epithelium.

Comparative morphological study on the stereo-structure of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores of the American beaver (Castor canadensis).

The lingual papillae and the connective tissue cores (CTC) of the American beaver were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The tongue of American beaver was about 9 cm in length, 3.5 cm in width, and has a lingual prominence.

[Cell biology of respiration-deficient mutants of Candida albicans].

Respiration-deficient (petite) mutation is caused by hereditary impairment in mitochondrial functions. Yeasts have been grouped into "petite-positive" and "petite-negative" yeasts. Candida albicans has been regarded as a member of the petite-negative yeasts in which the respiration deficiency cannot be easily induced.

Morphological changes in oral mucosae and their connective tissue cores regarding oral submucous fibrosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic disease of the oral cavity characterized by an inflammatory reaction followed by severe fibro-elastic changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the three-dimensional morphological changes in the connective tissue cores (CTCs) of the oral mucosa in OSF. The sample consisted of buccal mucosal biopsies from ten human subjects ranging in age from 40-45 years; five of them were clinically diagnosed as having moderate to severe OSF, and the remaining five served as unaffected controls.

The participation of nitric oxide in peritoneal exudate cell cytotoxicity of mice by Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Previously we reported that mice infected recurrently with live Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) synthesize a significant amount of NO between 12 hr and 24 hr after Fn injection. Fn is a gram-negative rod periodontal pathogen. NO could not be induced by heat-killed Fn or in untreated mice.

Soluble guanylyl cyclase is localised in the acinar cells and participates in amylase secretion in rat parotid gland.

It is well known that the muscarinic cholinergic agonists, carbachol and methacholine, enhance nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and also stimulate salivary secretion. In the present study, we investigated whether salivary secretion by muscarinic cholinergic stimulation is mediated through the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in rat salivary glands. Since NO activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cGMP may function as a mediator, the localisation of sGC was investigated in the salivary glands.

Decreased intraoral secretions during sedation-analgesia with propofol-ketamine and midazolam-ketamine combinations.

Purpose: To investigate salivary flow over time with a balanced sedation-analgesia technique using a propofol-ketamine (PK) or a midazolam-ketamine (MK) combination in human volunteers.

Methods: In the PK group, boluses of 1 mg.kg(-1) of propofol and 0.

The reduction of Fusobacterium nucleatum in mice is irrelevant to the nitric oxide induced by iNOS.

Previously we reported that mice infected recurrently with live Fusobacterim nucleatum (Fn) synthesize a significant amount of NO between 12 hr and 24 hr after the Fn injection. We now investigated whether the NO has the capability of killing Fn, a gram-negative rod periodontal pathogen. The mice were divided into three groups: treated with live bacteria (LB), treated with heat-killed bacteria (HKB) and untreated: normal (N).

BIS monitoring during midazolam and midazolam-ketamine conscious intravenous sedation for oral surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the bispectral index scale (BIS) would provide added benefit to established methods of monitoring conscious sedation with midazolam (M group) or midazolam supplemented with ketamine (MK group).

Study Design: BIS was prospectively and blindly examined in 22 patients receiving outpatient oral surgery with conscious sedation supplemented with local anesthesia.

Results: The average midazolam dose in the midazolam group over the treatment period was 0.