A multicenter study of neurofibromatosis type 1 utilizing deep learning for whole body tumor identification.

Deep-learning models have shown promise in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. Previous studies have primarily focused on specific anatomical regions, overlooking tumors occurring throughout the body with highly heterogeneous whole-body backgrounds. Using neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) as an example, this study developed highly accurate MRI-based deep-learning models for the early automated screening of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) against complex whole-body background.

Prognostic performance of the two-step clinical care pathway in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Current guidelines recommend a 2-step approach for risk stratification in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) followed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or similar second-line tests. This study aimed to examine to prognostic performance of this approach.

Methods: The VCTE-Prognosis Study was a longitudinal study of patients with MASLD who had undergone VCTE examinations at 16 centres from the US, Europe and Asia with subsequent follow-up for clinical events.

Metabolic Reprogramming of Neutrophils in the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Therapeutic Targets.

Neutrophils are pivotal in the immune system and have been recognized as significant contributors to cancer development and progression. These cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to various stimulus, including infections, diseases, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Under normal conditions, neutrophils primarily rely on aerobic glucose metabolism for energy production.

Upregulation of CD19 by low-dose chidamide promotes CAR T cells functionality in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is a highly heterogeneous group of lymphopoietic malignancies that account for 85% to 90% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In recent years, CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell immunotherapy has significantly improved the cure rate of B-NHL patients, but there are still some patients who cannot achieve remission after treatment, or relapse after remission. Therefore, it is of great importance to overcome the drug resistance of CD19 CAR T cells after B-NHL treatment and reduce the recurrence rate of CD19 CAR T cells after B-NHL treatment.

Biosynthesis of Lysosomally Escaped Apoptotic Bodies Inhibits Inflammasome Synthesis in Macrophages.

Hyperglycemia and bacterial colonization in diabetic wounds aberrantly activate Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in macrophages, resulting in extensive inflammatory infiltration and impaired wound healing. Targeted suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome shows promise in reducing macrophage inflammatory disruptions. However, challenges such as drug off-target effects and degradation via lysosomal capture remain during treatment.

Photodynamic and photothermal bacteria targeting nanosystems for synergistically combating bacteria and biofilms.

The escalating hazards posed by bacterial infections underscore the imperative for pioneering advancements in next-generation antibacterial modalities and treatments. Present therapeutic methodologies are frequently impeded by the constraints of insufficient biofilm infiltration and the absence of precision in pathogen-specific targeting. In this current study, we have used chlorin e6 (Ce6), zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), polydopamine (PDA), and UBI peptide to formulate an innovative nanosystem meticulously engineered to confront bacterial infections and effectually dismantle biofilm architectures through the concerted mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) therapies, including in-depth research, especially for oral bacteria and oral biofilm.

Depression as a risk factor for osteoporosis independent of sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients: findings from a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Osteoporosis and sarcopenia frequently occur in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis (HD), and depression is also a common mental health issue in this population. Despite the prevalence of these conditions, the interrelationships among them remain poorly understood in HD patients.

Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, 858 HD patients from 7 dialysis centers were recruited.

Association of systemic inflammatory markers with white matter hyperintensities and microstructural injury: an analysis of UK Biobank data.

Background: White matter damage is closely associated with cognitive and psychiatric symptoms and is prevalent in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD); although the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in CSVD remain elusive, inflammation plays a crucial role. We sought to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammation markers and imaging markers of CVSD, namely white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and microstructural injury.

Methods: We conducted a study involving both cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the UK Biobank Cohort.

Directional Freeze-Casting Cryogel Loaded with Quaternized Chitosan Modified Gallium Metal-Organic Frameworks to Capture and Eradicate the Resistant Bacteria for Guided Regeneration in Infected Bone Defects.

Antimicrobial resistance and impaired bone regeneration are the great challenges in treating infected bone defects. Its recurrent and resistant nature, high incidence rate, long-term hospitalization, and high medical costs have driven the efforts of the scientific community to develop new therapies to improve the situation. Considering the complex microenvironment and persistent mechanisms mediated by resistant bacteria, it is crucial to develop an implant with enhanced osseointegration and sustained and effective infection clearance effects.

Micro-Electro Nanofibrous Dressings Based on PVDF-AgNPs as Wound Healing Materials to Promote Healing in Active Areas.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an innovative solution for chronic wounds in high-mobility areas, such as joints, where conventional treatments are hindered by passive healing mechanisms and the need for immobilization. By designing a micro-electro-Nanofiber dressing composed of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) integrated with antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), this research aims to address the dual challenges of promoting effective wound healing and maintaining joint mobility.

Methods: Herein, we developed a novel micro-electro-Nanofiber dressing using electrospinning technology, incorporating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate development.

Little is known about the regulation and function of phase separation in craniofacial developmental disorders. MSX1 mutations are associated with human cleft palate, the most common craniofacial birth defect. Here, we show that MSX1 phase separation is a vertebrate-conserved mechanism underlying embryonic palatal fusion.

Click chemistry-driven asymmetrically modified superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic gelatin sponge for improved dry socket prophylaxis.

Dry socket, a common painful complication after tooth extraction, is typically caused by improper blood clot formation or its premature dislodgement, often exacerbated by bacterial infections. Traditional gelatin sponges, widely used as clinical fillers, provide favorable biocompatibility and hemostatic support but suffer from suboptimal hemostatic efficiency, lack of antimicrobial properties, and insufficient anticoagulant factors, which increase the risk of dry socket. Addressing these limitations, a novel tannic acid cross-linked gelatin sponge has been developed using directional lyophilization.

BTG3 inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by promoting viral S2 protein degradation through the autophagy and proteasome pathways.

BTG3, which belongs to the BTG/Tob gene family, is involved in various physiological processes. Infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an alphacoronavirus, is associated with high mortality rates among piglets, contributing to major economic losses. This study elucidated a novel mechanism through which BTG3 suppresses PEDV replication.

Analysis of Research Waste in Phase III/IV Randomized Controlled Trials of Botulinum Toxin Type A.

Background: The application of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) outcomes of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) to actual patient care faces a significant hurdle due to research waste (RW). This includes the results of RCTs that have not been published even 4 years after completion and those with insufficiently reported outcomes and design flaws. The prevalence of RW within BoNT-A-associated RCTs remains uncertain.

Effect of age, harvest site and body mass index on the cell composition of the stromal vascular fraction.

Background: The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue has now been widely used in plastic surgeries, clinical trials and therapies. However, the cell composition of SVF undergoes dynamic changes during aging and obesity, which may influence the efficacy of the SVF. This study analyzed the effects of age, harvest site and body mass index on the cell composition of the SVF.

Exploring the mediating role of blood metabolites in the relationship between gut microbiota and gastric cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Prior studies have established correlations between gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, circulating metabolite alterations, and gastric cancer (GC) risk. However, the causal nature of these associations remains uncertain.

Methods: We utilized summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on GM (European, n=8,956), blood metabolites (European, n=120,241; East Asian, n=4,435), and GC (European, n=476,116; East Asian, n=167,122) to perform a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, investigating the causal effects of GM and metabolites on GC risk.

Racial and sexual differences of eyebrow and eyelid morphology: three-dimensional analysis in young Caucasian and Chinese populations.

Background: With globalization, oculoplastic surgeons must understand the intricate morphological nuances of the periocular region across ethnicities to ensure precise treatment and avoid facial disharmony or dysfunction. Direct comparisons in two-dimensional (2D)-based periocular morphology between studies can be challenging due to the limited number of parameters and complicated variations in equipment, environments, measurement personnel, and methods. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the detailed three-dimensional (3D) periocular morphological disparities between young Caucasian and Chinese populations.

GelMA Hydrogels Integrated With aptamer CH6-Functionalized Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures for Osteoporotic Mandibular Regeneration.

Osteoporotic bone regeneration is challenging due to impaired bone formation. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN), promising nucleic acid nanomaterials, have garnered attention for their potential in osteoporotic mandibular regeneration owing to their ability to enhance cellular activity and promote osteogenic differentiation. Osteoblasts play a critical role in bone regeneration; however, intracellular delivery of TDN into osteoblasts remains difficult.

Validation of the efficacy of the porous medium model in hemodynamic analysis of iliac vein compression syndrome.

Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome (IVCS) is a common risk factor for deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether employing a porous medium model to simulate the compressed region of an iliac vein could improve the reliability and accuracy of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis outcomes of IVCS. Pre-operative Computed Tomography (CT) scan images of patients with IVCS were utilized to reconstruct models illustrating both the compression and collateral circulation of the iliac vein.

Adverse events associated with IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the clinical management of psoriasis: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis.

Background: Interleukin-23 (IL-23) inhibitors and the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab constitute a pivotal class of therapeutic agents employed in the clinical management of Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder. Notwithstanding their therapeutic efficacy, concerns have arisen due to the emergence of multiple adverse events (AEs) associated with their usage. This study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the distribution and characteristics of these AEs concerning IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors, with a specific focus on guselkumab, tildrakizumab, risankizumab, and ustekinumab.

Consensus statement for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor that typically presents in infancy or early childhood. As awareness of KHE increases, it is imperative that the management of KHE be updated to reflect the latest evidence-based guidelines. The aim of this study was to integrate the literature and Chinese expert opinions to provide updated recommendations that will guide the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with KHE.

A soft, ultra-tough and multifunctional artificial muscle for volumetric muscle loss treatment.

The escalating prevalence of skeletal muscle disorders highlights the critical need for innovative treatments for severe injuries such as volumetric muscle loss. Traditional treatments, such as autologous transplants, are constrained by limited availability and current scaffolds often fail to meet complex clinical needs. This study introduces a new approach to volumetric muscle loss treatment by using a shape-memory polymer (SMP) based on block copolymers of perfluoropolyether and polycaprolactone diol.

A novel allosteric driver mutation of β-glucuronidase promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression through STT3B-mediated PD-L1 N-glycosylation.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develops and advances because of the accumulation of somatic mutations located in orthosteric and allosteric areas. However, the biological effects of allosteric driver mutations during tumorigenesis are mostly unknown. Here, we mapped somatic mutations generated from 10 tumor-normal matched HNSCC samples into allosteric sites to prioritize the mutated allosteric proteins via whole-exome sequencing and AlloDriver, identifying the specific mutation H351Q in β-glucuronidase (GUSB), a lysosomal enzyme, as a novel allosteric driver mutation, which considerably encouraged HNSCC progression both in vitro and in vivo.

Transcriptional regulation of Rankl by Txnip-Ecd in aging and diabetic related osteoporosis.

Introduction: Bone homeostasis between osteoclast bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is tightly regulated by a series of factors such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Denosumab that neutralizes RANKL is effective and widely applied in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, factors that participated in the RANKL-related bone remodeling process in primary and secondary osteoporosis are less known.

Multiscale Engineered Bionic Solid-State Electrolytes Breaking the Stiffness-Damping Trade-Off.

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries are regarded as next-generation devices for energy storage due to their safety and high energy density. The issues of lithium dendrites and poor mechanical compatibility with electrodes present the need for developing solid-state electrolytes with high stiffness and damping, but it is a contradictory relationship. Here, inspired by the superstructure of tooth enamel, we develop a composite solid-state electrolyte composed of amorphous ceramic nanotube arrays intertwined with solid polymer electrolytes.