Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi disturbs autophagy to increase intracellular survival in macrophages.

The autophagy pathway plays a crucial role in resistance to bacterial infection in the host. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a human restricted pathogen, causes a systemic infection known as typhoid fever.

Association of age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the risks of the morbidity of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality: Evidence from a real-world study with a large population-based cohort study.

Aims: To investigate the impact of diagnosis age of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on subsequent adverse outcomes within the Chinese population.

Methods: 549,959 eligible T2DM patients were included from Ningbo and Jinhua city in Zhejiang province, China. Standardized ratio was used to evaluate the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer and all-cause death in different T2DM diagnosis age groups.

[Analysis of the status and related factors of vaccination against respiratory diseases among elderly people aged ≥60 in Zhejiang Province].

The objective of this study is to assess the current status of vaccination against respiratory disease among the elderly aged ≥60 and analyze the factors influencing vaccination rates at both service provider and recipient levels in Zhejiang Province. Using a stratified random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023 among elderly people aged ≥60 in 30 townships/streets in Zhejiang Province, as well as immunization planning staff at the provincial, municipal, county/district, and township/street levels. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors related to vaccination among elderly people in Zhejiang Province.

HIV Incidence and Transactional Sex Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Ningbo, China: Prospective Cohort Study Using a WeChat-Based Platform.

Background: Sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become the major HIV transmission route. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate the association between transactional sex (TS) and HIV incidence in China.

Objective: This study aims to investigate HIV incidence and distinguish sociodemographic and sexual behavioral risk factors associated with HIV incidence among MSM who engage in TS (MSM-TS) in China.

Association of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis with the risk of neurological diseases: a large-scale Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies suggested increased risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to assess the causality for the associations of CD and UC with the risks of AD, PD, and MS through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CD (17,897 cases and 33,977 controls) and UC (13,768 cases and 33,977 controls) were identified as genetic instruments based on a European-descent genome-wide association study (GWAS) released by the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium.

Exploration for the Priority of HIV Intervention: Modelling Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness - Six Cities, Eastern China, 2019-2028.

Introduction: In order to enhance the effectiveness of resource allocation, regions must tailor their responses to their specific epidemiological and economic situations.

Methods: Utilizing Spectrum software, we projected the cost-effectiveness of 10 chosen HIV interventions in six cities in eastern China from 2019 to 2028. We assessed three scenarios - Base, Achievable, and Idealized - for each city.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization, and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Southeastern China From December 2022 to February 2023: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Limited studies have explored the impact of the Omicron variant on SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and associated factors among people living with HIV, particularly in China. The adjustment of preventive policies since December 2022 in China presents an opportunity to evaluate the real-world factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization among people living with HIV.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization rates, and associated factors among people living with HIV following the adjustment of preventive policies from December 2022 to February 2023 in southeastern China.

Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: The association between soy product consumption and cancer risk varies among studies. Therefore, this comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies examines the association between soy product consumption and total cancer risk.

Methods: This study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines.

HIV-1 drug resistance and genetic transmission network among newly diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS in Ningbo, China between 2018 and 2021.

Background: As the HIV epidemic continues to grow, transmitted drug resistance(TDR) and determining relationship of HIV transmission are major barriers to reduce the risk of HIV transmissions.This study aimed to examine the molecular epidemiology and TDR and evaluated the transmission pattern among newly diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) in Ningbo city, which could contribute to the development of targeted precision interventions.

Methods: Consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Ningbo City between January 2018 and December 2021.

Post-marketing surveillance for the safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: a retrospective real-world study in China.

Background: The 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine was introduced in China in 2018. This study was conducted to monitor the occurrence of new-onset autoimmune diseases (AIs) in Chinese women vaccinated with the 9vHPV vaccine and adverse pregnancy outcomes in infants born to mothers with inadvertent pregnancy exposure.

Research Design And Methods: Women who received the first dose of the 9vHPV vaccine at age 16-26 years in Ningbo between January 2019 and March 2021 were monitored in the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform.

The role of kurtosis and kurtosis-adjusted energy metric in occupational noise-induced hearing loss among metal manufacturing workers.

Background: Noise energy has been well-established to increase the risk of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). However, the role of noise temporal structure (expressed by kurtosis) or its combination with energy metrics (e.g.

Blastocystis infection among diarrhea outpatients in Ningbo, Southeast China: A potential zoonotic health threat.

Background: Blastocystis is one of the important zoonotic parasites which can infect humans and various animals worldwide and has become a growing global public health concern. The study aims to obtain the data of Blastocystis infection and the information of the genetic characteristic.

Methods: In the present study, 489 fecal samples were collected from diarrhea outpatients in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, and were examined the presence of Blastocystis by polymerase chain reaction combined with sequencing.

Development and validation of a risk score for predicting inconsistent condom use with women among men who have sex with men and women.

Background: Men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) are the most important bridge population for HIV transmission. Condom use plays an important role for HIV infection. However the predictors for condom ues with females are not well characterized.

Diagnostic validation and development of an algorithm for identification of intussusception in children using electronic health records of Ningbo city in China.

Background: Monitoring the risk of intussusception after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the validity of intussusception monitoring using electronic health records (EHRs) has been confirmed previously, no similar studies have been conducted in China. We aimed to verify the diagnosis and determine an algorithm with the best performance for identification of intussusception using Chinese EHR databases.

First report on occurrence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora cayetanensis from diarrheal outpatients in Ningbo, Southeast China.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora cayetanensis are three important zoonotic pathogens which were a major cause of foodborne or waterborne intestinal diseases in humans and animals. However, very little data about occurrence and genotypes of the three parasites in Ningbo in the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta, China, which is important for a tourist city.

DNA Methylation of Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing Protein 6 Gene Contributes to the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm in Males.

: This study is aimed to investigate the contribution of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 () DNA methylation to the risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA) in the Han Chinese population. : A total of 96 age- and sex-matched participants were recruited to evaluate methylation bisulfite pyrosequencing. The mRNA expression in the plasma was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Estimating Costs of the HIV Comprehensive Intervention Using the Spectrum Model - China, 2015-2019.

Introduction: In order to facilitate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and prevention, the resource needs for HIV national strategic planning in developing regions were estimated based on Spectrum, the universal HIV cost-effectiveness analysis software.

Methods: Based on the theoretical framework of Spectrum, the study developed a cost measurement tool for HIV, and calculated the cost of HIV prevention and control in 6 sampled cities in China during 2015-2019 using the Spectrum model.

Results: From 2015 to 2019, the average annual costs for HIV prevention and control for Shijiazhuang, Yantai, Ningbo, Zhenjiang, Foshan, and Wuxi cities were 46.

No association between enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccination and risk of febrile seizures: a population-based near real-time surveillance study.

Background: Since 2016, vaccines against enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection have been approved for use in China. Reports to the national passive surveillance system raised concerns about febrile seizures (FS) after EV71 vaccination. Rapid safety assessment of this novel vaccine is a public health priority.

Women with maternal near-miss in the intensive care unit in Yangzhou, China: a 5-year retrospective study.

Background: Analysis of "maternal near-misses" is expected to facilitate assessment of the quality of maternity care in health facilities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate incidence, risk factors and causes of maternal near-misses (MNM) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) within five years by using the World Health Organization's MNM approach.

Methods: A five-year retrospective study was conducted in Subei People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019.

fIDBAC: A Platform for Fast Bacterial Genome Identification and Typing.

To study the contamination of microorganisms in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, clinical diagnosis, or bacterial taxonomy, accurate identification of species is a key starting point of further investigation. The conventional method of identification by the 16S rDNA gene or other marker gene comparison is not accurate, because it uses a tiny part of the genomic information. The average nucleotide identity calculated between two whole bacterial genomes was proven to be consistent with DNA-DNA hybridization and adopted as the gold standard of bacterial species delineation.

[Evaluation on effectiveness of community-based comprehensive intervention and internet-based intervention for vaccination among patients with chronic diseases].

To evaluate the effectiveness of community-based comprehensive intervention and internet-based intervention on influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in communities. Before the onset of influenza in 2015 and 2016, five demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases were selected in the study. Patients aged 35 years old and above with diabetes and COPD were selected from selected demonstration areas as study participants.

Effects of Varicella Vaccine Time of First Dose and Coverage of Second Dose - Beijing and Ningbo, China, 2012-2018.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: The effectiveness of the two-dose vaccination schedule of varicella is better than that of one dose, but the vaccination schedule and coverage of varicella varies based on provinces in the mainland of China and has differing effects.

What Is Added By This Report?: Earlier vaccination of the first dose may reduce the varicella incidence, and improving the vaccination coverage rates of the second dose will further reduce the varicella incidence.

What Are The Implications For Public Health Practice?: Taking the first dose of vaccination promptly at 12 months old and improving the coverage of second dose of vaccination may play an important role in varicella prevention and control in China.

and Gene Polymorphisms, Complex Noise, and Lifestyles interactively Affect the Risk of Noise-induced Hearing Loss.

Objective: The effects of interactions between genetic and environmental factors on the noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are still unclear. This study aimed to assess interactions among gene polymorphisms, noise metrics, and lifestyles on the risk of NIHL.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted using 307 patients with NIHL and 307 matched healthy individuals from five manufacturing industries.