Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 12-month automated text message intervention for weight management in postpartum women with overweight or obesity: protocol for the Supporting MumS (SMS) multisite, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The reproductive years can increase women's weight-related risk. Evidence for effective postpartum weight management interventions is lacking and engaging women during this life stage is challenging. Following a promising pilot evaluation of the Supporting MumS intervention, we assess if theory-based and bidirectional text messages to support diet and physical activity behaviour change for weight loss and weight loss maintenance, are effective and cost-effective for weight change in postpartum women with overweight or obesity, compared with an active control arm receiving text messages on child health and development.

A pre-operative prognostic model predicting all cause and cause specific mortality for women presenting with invasive breast cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a pre-operative prognostic model based on known pre-operative factors.

Methods: A database of ultrasound (US) lesions undergoing biopsy documented US lesion size, stiffness, and patient source prospectively. Women with invasive cancer presenting between 2010 and 2015 were the study group.

The value of prognostic ultrasound features of breast cancer in different molecular subtypes with a focus on triple negative disease.

The ultrasound (US) features of breast cancer have recently been shown to have prognostic significance. We aim to assess these features according to molecular subtype. 1140 consecutive US visible invasive breast cancers had US size and mean stiffness by shearwave elastography (SWE) recorded prospectively.

Cancer Treatment Helpline: a retrospective study of the NHS Tayside experience.

Background: Treatment-related toxicity and delays in the management of this toxicity can impact the outcomes of patient with cancer. In Scotland, a national cancer helpline was established to provide triage assessment for patients receiving systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) in an attempt to minimise delays in toxicity management. In this article, we describe the use and impact of the helpline in our region over the last 5 years.

Are baseline mammographic and ultrasound features associated with metastasis free survival in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer?

Objectives: To identify associations between baseline ultrasound (US) and mammographic features and metastasis free survival (MFS) in women receiving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer.

Methods: The data were collected as part of an ethically approved prospective study. Women with invasive breast cancer receiving NACT who were metastasis free at diagnosis were included.

Long-term sustainability of a physical activity and nutrition intervention for rural adults with or at risk of metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To determine longer-term (18-month) sustainability of a six-month physical activity and nutrition intervention for 50-69-year-olds with or at risk of metabolic syndrome residing in a rural Australian community.

Methods: Participants (n=151) were followed-up at 12 and 18 months post-intervention. Changes in nutrition behaviours (fat and fibre barometer); physical activity behaviours (IPAQ); anthropometry (waist-hip ratio, weight, BMI), blood pressure, blood parameters (triglycerides, glucose, LDL-, HDL-, non-HDL, total-cholesterol) were analysed using t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA.

Audit of eliminating biopsy for presumed fibroadenomas with benign ultrasound greyscale and shear-wave elastography findings in women aged 25-39 years.

Aim: To assess the safety of a policy of not biopsying presumed fibroadenomas with benign ultrasound and shear-wave elastography findings in women aged 25-39 years.

Materials And Methods: Patients aged 25-39 years were included after attending a one-stop clinic before 01/05/2019 where clinical and ultrasound greyscale findings suggested a benign mass and shear-wave elastography showed a mean stiffness of <50 kPa. Such patients were reassured and discharged without biopsy or follow-up.

Does prehabilitation modify muscle mass in patients with rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy? A subanalysis from the REx randomised controlled trial.

Background: Patients with rectal cancer who present with sarcopenia (low muscle mass) are at significantly greater risk of postoperative complications and reduction in disease-free survival. We performed a subanalysis of a randomised controlled study [the REx trial; www.isrctn.

Metabolic syndrome in rural Australia: An opportunity for primary health care.

Objective: To measure the impact of a 6-month home-based behaviour change intervention on reducing the risk of chronic disease as determined by metabolic syndrome status and cardiovascular risk score, and discuss implications for primary care in rural areas.

Design: A two-arm randomised controlled trial of rural adults.

Setting: The rural town of Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.

Prehabilitation is feasible in patients with rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and may minimize physical deterioration: results from the REx trial.

Aim: Rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) experience physical deterioration and reductions in their quality of life. This feasibility study assessed prehabilitation (a walking intervention) before, during and after NACRT to inform a definitive multi-centred randomized clinical trial (REx trial).

Methods: Patients planned for NACRT followed by potentially curative surgery were approached (August 2014-March 2016) (www.

Retirement village physical activity and nutrition intervention process evaluation: Informing practice.

Objective: This process evaluation aimed to determine participants' perceptions of the strategies utilised in a six-month intervention that set out to improve physical activity and nutrition in retirement village (RV) residents.

Methods: Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from intervention participants residing in 17 RVs located in Perth, Western Australia, via self-report questionnaires (n = 139) and semi-structured interviews (n = 16).

Results: Intervention resources were moderately useful and suitable.

Long-term weight loss trajectories following participation in a randomised controlled trial of a weight management programme for men delivered through professional football clubs: a longitudinal cohort study and economic evaluation.

Background: Obesity is a major public health concern requiring innovative interventions that support people to lose weight and keep it off long term. However, weight loss maintenance remains a challenge and is under-researched, particularly in men. The Football Fans in Training (FFIT) programme engages men in weight management through their interest in football, and encourages them to incorporate small, incremental physical activity and dietary changes into daily life to support long-term weight loss maintenance.

Dual energy CT - a possible new method to assess regression of rectal cancers after neoadjuvant treatment.

Background And Objectives: The measurement of tumor regression after neoadjuvant oncological treatment has gained increasing interest because it has a prognostic value and because it may influence the method of treatment in rectal cancer. The assessment of tumor regression remains difficult and inaccurate with existing methods. Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) enables qualitative tissue differentiation by simultaneous scanning with different levels of energy.

Effects of a physical activity and nutrition program in retirement villages: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: This cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to determine if a 6- month home-based intervention could improve the physical activity and dietary behaviours of adults aged 60 to 80 years living in retirement villages located in Perth, Western Australia.

Methods: Participants (n = 363) from 38 retirement villages were recruited into the trial and allocated to the intervention (n = 197: 17 sites) or control (n = 166: 21 sites) group and were blinded. Previously validated instruments-Fat and Fibre Barometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, along with anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) and blood pressure were collected at baseline and 6 -month time period.

An investigation into UK medical students' knowledge of lifestyle factors on cancer.

Background and aim Lifestyle factor modification (alcohol, smoking, obesity, diet, physical activity) has the potential to reduce cancer incidence and cancer survival. This study assessed the knowledge of lifestyle factors and cancer in undergraduate medical students. Methods and results A total of 218 students (7 UK universities) completed an online survey of nine questions in three areas: knowledge (lifestyle factors and cancer); information sources; clinical practice (witnessed clinical counselling).

Lifestyle interventions are feasible in patients with colorectal cancer with potential short-term health benefits: a systematic review.

Purpose: Lifestyle interventions have been proposed to improve cancer survivorship in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but with treatment pathways becoming increasingly multi-modal and prolonged, opportunities for interventions may be limited. This systematic review assessed the evidence for the feasibility of performing lifestyle interventions in CRC patients and evaluated any short- and long-term health benefits.

Methods: Using PRISMA Guidelines, selected keywords identified randomised controlled studies (RCTs) of lifestyle interventions [smoking, alcohol, physical activity (PA) and diet/excess body weight] in CRC patients.

Surveillance of sight loss due to delay in ophthalmic treatment or review: frequency, cause and outcome.

PurposeTo determine the frequency of patients suffering harm due to delay in ophthalmic care in the UK over a 12-month period.MethodsPatients with deterioration in vision in at least one eye of 3 lines of Snellen acuity or 15 letters on ETDRS chart or deterioration in visual field deviation of 3 decibels due to health service initiated delay in review or care were ascertained through the BOSU using prospective active surveillance involving all UK consultant ophthalmologists. Demographic details, diagnosis, cause and length of delay, and vision loss were then sought by questionnaire.

Can a lifestyle intervention be offered through NHS breast cancer screening? Challenges and opportunities identified in a qualitative study of women attending screening.

Background: Around one third of breast cancers in post-menopausal women could be prevented by decreasing body fatness and alcohol intake and increasing physical activity. This study aimed to explore views and attitudes on lifestyle intervention approaches in order to inform the proposed content of a lifestyle intervention programme amongst women attending breast cancer screening.

Methods: Women attending breast cancer screening clinics in Dundee and Glasgow, were invited to participate in focus group discussions (FGD) by clinic staff.

Fenamate NSAIDs inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and protect against Alzheimer's disease in rodent models.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 enzymes. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex responsible for the processing of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and is implicated in many inflammatory diseases. Here we show that several clinically approved and widely used NSAIDs of the fenamate class are effective and selective inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome via inhibition of the volume-regulated anion channel in macrophages, independently of COX enzymes.