A Workshop for Training of Basic Neurosurgical Skills "From Microsurgery to Endoscopy": A Stepping Stone for Young Neurosurgeons.

Background The aim of the project was to show the peculiarities of manipulations in two-dimensional (2D) visualization and to enlighten young neurosurgical residents for further independent training of their manual skills in the anatomic lab. The course followed a step-by-step training program starting with artificial models in a static 2D exoscopic view field with subsequent transition to cadaveric animal models and the use of dynamic four-hand techniques and endoscopy. Materials and methods Since 2015, two 2-day workshops and four 1-day workshops have been organized.