Therapeutic drug monitoring of docetaxel administered for breast cancer in a patient receiving rifampicin and clarithromycin to treat nontuberculous mycobacteriosis: A case report.

Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and is transported by organic anion transporting peptides (OATPs) and ABCB1, and its blood concentration is known to affect the risk of some docetaxel-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Thus, the concomitant use of docetaxel with drugs that inhibit or induce these transporters or CYP3A4 requires careful attention. A 58-year-old woman was receiving clarithromycin (400 mg twice daily), rifampicin (450 mg once daily) and ethambutol (500 mg once daily) for nontuberculous mycobacteriosis.

Two-Body Metastable Dissociation of -Pentane and -Hexane Triplet Dications in Intense Femtosecond-Laser Fields.

Mass spectra of -pentane and -hexane ionized through femtosecond-laser pulses were measured using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Fragment ions ejected with large kinetic energies were identified as side peaks in which a two-body dissociation pathway, CH → CH + CH, was identified for -pentane, and two for -hexane, CH → CH + CH and CH + CH, based on momentum matching of the fragments. The two-body dissociation pathways were observed when the polarization direction of the linearly polarized laser light was perpendicular to the molecular axis.

A cross-sectional study clarifying profiles of patients with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy: reasons and consequences.

Background: Although diabetes is one of the fastest increasing diseases in prevalence worldwide and demands significant medical resources, more than half of all patients with diabetes do not achieve the expected target level of blood glucose. As a potential cause of poor glycemic control, insufficient adherence to medication has long been discussed and variably studied. However, dropout from treatment as another plausible cause has not been fully examined.

Identification and characterization of Pseudozyma antarctica Δ12 fatty acid desaturase and its utilization for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Fatty acid desaturases, especially Δ12 fatty acid desaturases, are key enzymes for the production of unsaturated fatty acids in oleaginous yeasts. In this study, we identified and characterized a gene encoding Δ12 fatty acid desaturase of Pseudozyma antarctica named PaFAD2. Almost all oleic acid (C18:1) was converted to linoleic acid by the heterologous expression of the PaFAD2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lipomyces starkeyi oleaginous yeast.

Identification and characterization of two fatty acid elongases in Lipomyces starkeyi.

The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is a potential cost-effective source for the production of microbial lipids. Fatty acid elongases have vital roles in the syntheses of long-chain fatty acids. In this study, two genes encoding fatty acid elongases of L.

Deterioration Mechanism of a Tertiary Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membrane by Hypochlorite.

A tertiary polyamide membrane was synthesized using ,'-dimethyl--phenylenediamine. The durability of this membrane to chlorination by hypochlorite treatment followed by sodium hydroxide treatment was examined, and then deterioration mechanisms were proposed. The tertiary polyamide membrane demonstrated better durability to free chlorine than a conventional secondary polyamide one; however, the former was deteriorated by hypochlorite for 24 h at 2000 ppm of free chlorine below pH 7.

Identification and characterization of Δ12 and Δ12/Δ15 bifunctional fatty acid desaturases in the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi.

Fatty acid desaturases play vital roles in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, Δ12 and Δ12/Δ15 fatty acid desaturases of the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi, termed LsFad2 and LsFad3, respectively, were identified and characterized. Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing LsFAD2 converted oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2), while a strain of LsFAD3-expressing S.

Phase I clinical trial of olprinone in liver surgery.

Purpose: Post-hepatectomy liver failure is one of the most serious complications liver surgeons must overcome. We previously examined olprinone, a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, and demonstrated its hepatoprotective effects in rats and pigs. We herein report the results of a phase I clinical trial of olprinone in liver surgery (UMIN000004975).

Phase 1 Clinical Study of siRNA Targeting Carbohydrate Sulphotransferase 15 in Crohn's Disease Patients with Active Mucosal Lesions.

Background And Aims: Carbohydrate sulphotransferase 15 [CHST15] is a specific enzyme biosynthesizing chondroitin sulphate E that binds various pathogenic mediators and is known to create local fibrotic lesions. We evaluated the safety of STNM01, a synthetic double-stranded RNA oligonucleotide directed against CHST15, in Crohn's disease [CD] patients whose mucosal lesions were refractory to conventional therapy.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, concentration-escalation study of STNM01 by a single-dose endoscopic submucosal injection in 18 CD patients.

Pivotal Role of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 in Fibrosis and Mucosal Healing in Mouse Colitis.

Induction of mucosal healing (MH) is an important treatment goal in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the molecular mechanisms underlying MH in IBD is not fully explored, local fibrosis would contribute to interfere mucosal repair. Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15), which catalyzes sulfation of chondroitin sulfate to produce rare E-disaccharide units, is a novel mediator to create local fibrosis.

Assembly of the draft genome of buckwheat and its applications in identifying agronomically useful genes.

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; 2n = 2x = 16) is a nutritionally dense annual crop widely grown in temperate zones. To accelerate molecular breeding programmes of this important crop, we generated a draft assembly of the buckwheat genome using short reads obtained by next-generation sequencing (NGS), and constructed the Buckwheat Genome DataBase. After assembling short reads, we determined 387,594 scaffolds as the draft genome sequence (FES_r1.

Comparison of clinically relevant technical attributes of five insulin injection pens.

Background: Insulin injection pens are the predominant devices for insulin delivery in Europe and Japan because of their ease of use and convenience. This study compared clinically relevant technical attributes of durable insulin pens that are important to people with diabetes, specifically functions relating to cartridge-fitting, dose-setting, and dose-delivery on NovoPen® 4, ClikStar®, HumaPen Luxura®, Itango®, and Biosulin® Pen.

Methods: Frequency components and duration of audible clicks on dose setting and injection were measured using audio equipment when setting and delivering 20 IU of insulin.

Prevention of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells by 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone isolated from Chaga (Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat).

Chaga (Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat) is a mushroom traditionally used as a folk medicine for tumors and stomach ulcers in Russia. Previously, we reported the antioxidant potential of Chaga extracts and seven isolated phenolic ingredients. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of Chaga extracts and other isolated phenolic ingredients against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells.

Antioxidant small phenolic ingredients in Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat (Chaga).

Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat (Chaga, in Russia, kabanoanatake in Japan) is a fungus having been used as a folk medicine in Russia and said to have many health beneficial functions such as immune modulating and anti-cancer activities. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of hot water extract (decoction) of Chaga was precisely compared with those of other medicinal fungi (Agaricus blazei Mycelia, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus) showing Chaga had the strongest antioxidant activity among fungi examined in terms of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities. Further determination of the antioxidant potential of isolated fruiting body (brown part) and Sclerotium (black part) revealed the 80% MeOH extract of fruiting body had the highest potential as high as that of Chaga decoction.

DNA-binding activity of LndI protein and temporal expression of the gene that upregulates landomycin E production in Streptomyces globisporus 1912.

The gene lndI is involved in the pathway-specific positive regulation of biosynthesis of the antitumour polyketide landomycin E in Streptomyces globisporus 1912. LndI was overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a protein C-terminally fused to the intein-chitin-binding-domain tag and purified in a one-step column procedure. Results of in vivo LndI titration, DNA gel mobility-shift assays and promoter-probing experiments indicate that LndI is an autoregulatory DNA-binding protein that binds to its own gene promoter and to the promoter of the structural gene lndE.

In vitro antioxidant potentials of traditional Chinese medicine, Shengmai San and their relation to in vivo protective effect on cerebral oxidative damage in rats.

The preventive effects of Shengmai San (SMS), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCM), was studied on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats as a model of antioxidant-based composite therapy. Two biochemical indicators of oxidative damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) loss were measured in the brain after forebrain ischemia-reperfusion treatment and both were inhibited in all rats administered SMS (15 g original herbs/kg) 2 h before the ischemia-reperfusion. Histochemical study of the brain slice using TTC staining revealed that the SMS effectively reduced infarct area caused by the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.