Increased c‑SRC expression is involved in acquired resistance to lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lenvatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, serves a crucial role in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, >50% of patients receiving lenvatinib therapy experience tumor growth or metastasis within 1 year, highlighting the need to address acquired resistance as a critical clinical challenge. To elucidate the factors associated with acquired resistance to lenvatinib, a lenvatinib-resistant HCC cell line (JHH-7_LR) was established by exposing a lenvatinib-sensitive HCC cell line, JHH-7, to lenvatinib.

Influence of vasopressin receptor antagonists on triple-whammy acute kidney injury: A VigiBase analysis.

Although diuretics play an important role in triple-whammy acute kidney injury (AKI), it is unclear whether the type of diuretic influences the risk of triple-whammy AKI. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether vasopressin receptor antagonists affect triple-whammy AKI. This cross-sectional study used disproportionality analysis of VigiBase data to assess the risk of AKI with various diuretics.

Management of Adult Patients With Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms: A Delphi-Based International Consensus.

Importance: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare but potentially fatal drug hypersensitivity reaction. To our knowledge, there is no international consensus on its severity assessment and treatment.

Objective: To reach an international, Delphi-based multinational expert consensus on the diagnostic workup, severity assessment, and treatment of patients with DRESS.

Local knowledge, practices, challenges of ethnopharmacologically used medicinal plants in Benin and implications for brain illnesses.

Traditional medicine (TM) is a significant resource for primary healthcare management all over the world, and principally in Africa. Quality improvement activities that promote evidence-based practices and the integration of traditional medicine into primary healthcare systems can help improve the quality of patient care. In the Republic of Benin (West Africa), traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) provide different treatments and ways of use, depending on the ailments and the medicinal plants used.

Comparison of different sustained-release opioids and acute respiratory conditions in patients with cancer and chronic kidney disease.

Study Objective: Few data are available on the association between the use of oxycodone in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute respiratory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oxycodone is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory conditions in patients with cancer and CKD compared with other opioids.

Design And Setting: The data were obtained from a claims database in Japan.

Significant increase in the prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant , particularly the USA300 variant ΨUSA300, in the Japanese community.

USA300 is an MRSA clone producing PVL, a toxin associated with SSTIs. ΨUSA300 is a USA300 variant recently identified in Japan by Takadama et al. (15).

Nivolumab plus Gemcitabine-Cisplatin in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: No new agent has improved overall survival in patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma when added to first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Methods: In this phase 3, multinational, open-label trial, we randomly assigned patients with previously untreated unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma either to receive intravenous nivolumab (at a dose of 360 mg) plus gemcitabine-cisplatin (nivolumab combination) every 3 weeks for up to six cycles, followed by nivolumab (at a dose of 480 mg) every 4 weeks for a maximum of 2 years, or to receive gemcitabine-cisplatin alone every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. The primary outcomes were overall and progression-free survival.

Clinical, imaging, and molecular features of radiation-induced glioblastomas developing more than 20 years after radiation therapy for intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumor: illustrative cases.

Background: Germinomatous germ cell tumor is highly sensitive to chemoradiotherapy; patients are expected to survive for decades. Many radiation-induced malignant gliomas (RIMGs) occur >10 years after radiotherapy. Standard therapy for RIMGs has not been established because of the lesion's rarity, the patient's shorter survival period, and the risk of radiation necrosis by repeat radiation.

Development and evaluation of an immunochromatography-based point-of-care test kit for a rapid diagnosis of human cysticercosis.

Human cysticercosis is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by infection with larvae (cysticerci) of the pork tapeworm, . This can affect the nervous system causing chronic headache and intracranial hypertension, potentially leading to epileptic seizures and paralysis. The disease is found in developing countries, especially in Southeast and South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Central and South America where porcine cysticercosis is endemic and people have a habit of eating undercooked pork.

Urate-Lowering Drugs and Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Several urate-lowering drugs have been linked to muscle injury. This study investigated the association of oral urate-lowering drugs with the risk of muscle injury by performing a network meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. A systematic search of MEDLINE, via PubMed, the ClinicalTrials.

Relationship between Ca and cAMP as second messengers in ACTH-induced cortisol production in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells.

In adrenal fasciculata cells stimulated by ACTH, Ca and cAMP play indispensable roles as second messengers in cortisol production. However, whether their second messengers cooperatively or independently participate in steroid production remains unclear. We focused on the roles of Ca and cAMP in cortisol production in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells stimulated by ACTH for a relatively short period (1 h).

Effects of Long-Term High-Ergosterol Intake on the Cholesterol and Vitamin D Biosynthetic Pathways of Rats Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet.

Dyslipidemia is a lifestyle-related (physical inactivity or obesity) disease; therefore, dietary foods that can easily be consumed in daily life is important to prevent dyslipidemia. Ergosterol, a precursor of vitamin D, is a fungal sterol present in the membranes of edible mushrooms and other fungi. Ergosterol is converted to brassicasterol by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), a cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol (a precursor of vitamin D) into cholesterol.

Utility of In Vitro Cellular Models of Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide in Elucidating the Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing-Promoting Effects of Lipopolysaccharide Administration In Vivo.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial component that activates intracellular signaling pathways upon binding to the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/MD-2 complex. It is well known that LPS injected into animals and high-dose (100 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL) LPS treatment to innate immune cells induce an inflammatory response. In contrast, LPS is naturally present in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and skin of humans and animals, and it has been shown that TLR-4-deficient animals cannot maintain their immune balance and gut homeostasis.

Lethal adulthood myelin breakdown by oligodendrocyte-specific Ddx54 knockout.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading disease that causes disability in young adults. We have previously shown that a DEAD-box RNA helicase Ddx54 binds to mRNA and protein isoforms of myelin basic protein (MBP) and that Ddx54 siRNA blocking abrogates oligodendrocyte migration and myelination. Herein, we show that MBP-driven Ddx54 knockout mice (), after the completion of normal postnatal myelination, gradually develop abnormalities in behavioral profiles and learning ability, inner myelin sheath breakdown, loss of myelinated axons, apoptosis of oligodendrocytes, astrocyte and microglia activation, and they die within 7 months but show minimal peripheral immune cell infiltration.

Corrigendum: Antigen-specific cytokine profiles for pulmonary complex disease stage diagnosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit binds to the transactivation domain 1 of NF-κB p65.

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcriptional factor that binds to the ∼10-base-pair κB motif on target genes and acts as an inflammatory regulator. Since dysregulation of NF-κB is thought to be related to various diseases, it would be very important to elucidate its post-translational modifications and binding partners in detail and to deeply understand mechanisms of the NF-κB dysregulation. NF-κB p65 is known to interact with the basic transcription factor TFIID subunit hTAF31/TAF9 through the (Ф, hydrophobic amino acid; X, any amino acid) motif in a similar fashion to p53.

Neuroimaging biomarkers of glial activation for predicting the annual cognitive function decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Glial activation is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, researchers have not demonstrated its relationship to longitudinal cognitive deterioration. We aimed to compare the prognostic effects of baseline positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of glial activation and amyloid/tau pathology on the successive annual cognitive decline in patients with AD.

Analysis of an antioxidative defence system of hydrogen peroxide-treated pancreatic islet-derived 1.1B4 cells and siRNA targeting NR4A3-treated cells by microarray.

Pancreatic islet β-cells weaken under oxidative stress. In this study, human pancreatic islet-derived 1.1B4 cells were exposed to HO and analysed using a human microarray, which revealed that (, , , () and were upregulated, whereas and were not.

Antigen-specific cytokine profiles for pulmonary complex disease stage diagnosis.

Introduction: Controlling pulmonary complex (MAC) disease is difficult because there is no way to know the clinical stage accurately. There have been few attempts to use cell-mediated immunity for diagnosing the stage. The objective of this study was to characterize cytokine profiles of CD4+T and CD19+B cells that recognize various -associated antigens in different clinical stages of MAC.

ADY tripeptide is a minimum sequence for Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases 1 and 2 substrate recognition.

Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPSTs) catalyze the transfer of a sulphonate moiety from 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue in substrate proteins. The positively charged substrate binding region of TPST homodimer interacts with acidic residues located in N-terminal region from the sulfated tyrosine in substrates. However, the sequence pattern in TPST substrate recognition remains unclear.

Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency, eczema, microthrombocytopenia, autoimmunity, and lymphoid malignancies. Gene therapy (GT) to modify autologous CD34+ cells is an emerging alternative treatment with advantages over standard allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients who lack well-matched donors, avoiding graft-versus-host-disease. We report the outcomes of a phase 1/2 clinical trial in which 5 patients with severe WAS underwent GT using a self-inactivating lentiviral vector expressing the human WAS complementary DNA under the control of a 1.

Analysis of the NUDT15 gene and metabolites of azathioprine in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Thiopurines continue to play an important role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is well known that thiopurines can cause several adverse reactions. Especially, hematopoietic toxicity may lead to severe agranulocytosis.