Prevention of Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction Through Oral Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Derived From .

Diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction (DRCD) is a serious complication induced by diabetes. However, there are currently no specific remedies for DRCD. Here, we show that streptozotocin-induced DRCD can be prevented without causing side effects through oral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from .

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020).

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created as revised from J-SSCG 2016 jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in September 2020 and published in February 2021. An English-language version of these guidelines was created based on the contents of the original Japanese-language version. The purpose of this guideline is to assist medical staff in making appropriate decisions to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for sepsis and septic shock.

Fluoropyridmidine use and hypertriglyceridemia among Japanese patients: analysis of adverse event database.

Background The association between fluoropyrimidines except for capecitabine and the risk of hypertriglyceridemia is unclear. Objective To investigate hypertriglyceridemia in patients receiving fluoropyrimidines. Method This observational study used anonymized patient data recorded in the open-access Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.

Association Between Steroid Use and Nephropathy in Patients Who Were Administered a Proton Pump Inhibitor: Analysis of the Japanese Adverse Event Report Database.

This study used the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database to investigate whether steroid use decreases the risk of nephropathy in patients who were administered a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Disproportionality of kidney injury was observed between patients who did and those who did not use steroids while taking lansoprazole (reporting odds ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.

Four-Year Operation of Tanpopo: Astrobiology Exposure and Micrometeoroid Capture Experiments on the JEM Exposed Facility of the International Space Station.

The Tanpopo experiment was the first Japanese astrobiology mission on board the International Space Station. It included exposure experiments of microbes and organic compounds as well as a capture experiment of hypervelocity impacting microparticles. We deployed three Exposure Panels, each consisting of 20 Exposure Units that contained microbes, organic compounds, an alanine UV dosimeter or an ionizing radiation dosimeter.

Estimation of Muscle Mass Using Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older People.

Objectives: Sarcopenia is defined as a combination of low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), weak muscle strength, and reduced physical function. Recently, many studies have reported that the creatinine/cystatin C ratio (Cr/CysC) is useful for evaluating muscle mass. We designed a cross-sectional study with separate model development and validation groups to develop a prediction equation to estimate bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-measured SMI with Cr/CysC.

Periodontal health predicts self-rated general health: A time-lagged cohort study.

Objectives: There is limited evidence of a temporal relationship between periodontal diseases and self-perceived general health. To plug this knowledge gap, we aimed to assess how periodontal health affects future self-rated health (SRH).

Methods: We collected data from five waves of an annual nationwide Japanese survey of dental patients from 2015 to 2019.

A naked antisense oligonucleotide with phosphorothioate linkages is taken up intracellularly more efficiently but functions less effectively.

We have been developing a gene silencing technology by harnessing a tRNA 3' processing endoribonuclease, tRNase Z, with antisense oligonucleotides. Here, to further improve this technology, we investigated how the length and the modifications of naked oligonucleotides affect the efficiency of their uptake by HeLa, HEK293, and HL60 cells by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. 7-30-nt Alexa-Fluor-568-labeled DNAs with phosphorothioate linkages and 7-30-nt Alexa-Fluor-568-labeled, 2'-O-methylated RNAs without phosphorothioate linkages were examined, and, on the whole, longer oligonucleotides were shown to be intracellularly taken up more efficiently.

Inappropriate use of ozone generators and their sales status: questionnaire survey of healthcare providers and investigation of online sales.

Ozone generators have attracted attention as a result of the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. In a questionnaire survey targeting healthcare facilities, 20 (91%) used ozone generators in patient areas, and five (23%) used them in indoor spaces occupied by people. A search for ozone generators on the Amazon Japan website revealed that 76% of products lacked information on ozone emission rate, coverage area and/or use time.

Muscle mass evaluation using psoas muscle mass index by computed tomography imaging in hemodialysis patients.

Background And Aims: The use of the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) using computed tomography (CT) has become a marker of interest to evaluate whole body muscle mass. However, in hemodialysis (HD) patients, reports about the clinical significance of psoas muscle evaluation are limited. We aimed to clarify the association between PMI and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and to investigate factors affecting PMI in HD patients.

Effects of Kumaizasa () Leaf Extract on Innate Immune Regulation in HEK293 Cells and Macrophages.

Background/aim: We investigated the effect of Kumaizasa leaf extract (KLE) on innate immunity using the HEK293 and RAW 264.7 cell lines.

Materials And Methods: KLE, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), or KLE with LPS were added to RAW 264.

Knockdown of D-dopachrome Tautomerase Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Human HepG2 Cell Line.

Background/aim: D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) is a macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) homolog that promotes cell growth via CD74, a MIF cell surface receptor, in some types of tumors. We previously found that DDT acts as an anti-obesity adipokine independent of MIF. To understand the intrinsic properties of these two cytokines, a comparison of their actions in various tissues is necessary.

Regulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Adipocytes by Macrophages Activated by Low-dose Lipopolysaccharide.

Background/aim: Increased expression of inflammatory cytokine genes through cell interactions in tissues may cause chronic inflammation, leading to the development of lifestyle-related diseases. Since the activation of inflammatory cytokine genes in monocytes/macrophages by co-culturing with cancer cells or adipocytes was suppressed by pre-treatment with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we hypothesized that low-dose LPS-activated macrophages may regulate the expression of immune response-related genes in other cells.

Materials And Methods: Phorbol myristate acetate-treated human monocytes (THP-1) were activated by LPS.

Oral Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Prevents Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice in a Blood Glucose-independent Manner.

Background/aim: Diabetes is a risk factor for dementia. However, no radical preventive method for diabetes-associated dementia has yet been developed. Our previous study revealed that oral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prevents high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment.

Subchronic Tolerance Trials of Graded Oral Supplementation with Phenylalanine or Serine in Healthy Adults.

Phenylalanine and serine are amino acids used in dietary supplements and nutritional products consumed by healthy consumers; however, the safe level of phenylalanine or serine supplementation is unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct two 4-week clinical trials to evaluate the safety and tolerability of graded dosages of oral phenylalanine and oral serine. Healthy male adults ( = 60, 38.

Potentially harmful excipients in neonatal medications: a multicenter nationwide observational study in Japan.

Background: A multicenter investigation of neonate exposure to potentially harmful excipients (PHEs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan has not been conducted.

Methods: A multicenter nationwide observational study was conducted. Neonate patient demographic data and information on all medicines prescribed and administered during hospitalization on 1 day between November 2019 and March 2021 were extracted from the medical records.

Identification of dipyrrolone pigments and their precursors formed in the Maillard reaction of carnosine and pentose under weakly acidic conditions.

Colored compounds formed by the Maillard reaction of carnosine with xylose or glucose were investigated in this study. Yellow pigments showing an absorption maximum at 450 nm were found in a heated solution of carnosine with xylose at pH 5.0.

Polygenic Risk Score of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis for Potential Clinical Use.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common disease causing three-dimensional spinal deformity in as many as 3% of adolescents. Development of a method that can accurately predict the onset and progression of AIS is an immediate need for clinical practice. Because the heritability of AIS is estimated as high as 87.

Association of Patients' Past Misdiagnosis Experiences with Trust in Their Current Physician Among Japanese Adults.

Background: Previous qualitative research has described that previous misdiagnoses may reduce patient and their families' trust in healthcare.

Objective: To quantify the associations between patients or family members' misdiagnosis experiences and trust in their physician.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Analysis of the light regulatory mechanism in carotenoid production in Rhodosporidium toruloides NBRC 10032.

Light stimulates carotenoid production in an oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides NBRC 10032 by promoting carotenoid biosynthesis genes. These genes undergo two-step transcriptional activation. The potential light regulator, Cryptochrome DASH (CRY1), has been suggested to contribute to this mechanism.

A cross-sectional study clarifying profiles of patients with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy: reasons and consequences.

Background: Although diabetes is one of the fastest increasing diseases in prevalence worldwide and demands significant medical resources, more than half of all patients with diabetes do not achieve the expected target level of blood glucose. As a potential cause of poor glycemic control, insufficient adherence to medication has long been discussed and variably studied. However, dropout from treatment as another plausible cause has not been fully examined.