Hypereosinophilia-related liver pseudotumor with elevated interleukin-5 levels preceding T-cell lymphoma.

A 61-year-old woman with hypereosinophilia and elevated interleukin (IL)-5 level was admitted to our hospital after detection of multiple liver tumors. Liver biopsy demonstrated that the tumor consisted of scar tissue with remnants of eosinophilic infiltration, suggesting that it had formed by massive eosinophilic infiltration. The hypereosinophilia was treated mainly by prednisolone, and thereafter, the liver tumors disappeared.

Huge liver tumor in young man.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second leading primary hepatic tumors, accounting for 5% of all hepatic tumors. The curability depends on the operability; however, the difficulty of early diagnosis and late clinical presentation account for the poor prognosis. Therefore, development of a novel therapeutic option and a method to determine the viability of the primary tumor, which hinder the assessment of the impact of other therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy are needed.

Macaques Exhibit Implicit Gaze Bias Anticipating Others' False-Belief-Driven Actions via Medial Prefrontal Cortex.

The ability to infer others' mental states is essential to social interactions. This ability, critically evaluated by testing whether one attributes false beliefs (FBs) to others, has been considered to be uniquely hominid and to accompany the activation of a distributed brain network. We challenge the taxon specificity of this ability and identify the causal brain locus by introducing an anticipatory-looking FB paradigm combined with chemogenetic neuronal manipulation in macaque monkeys.

Effect of apolipoprotein E ε4 allele on the progression of cognitive decline in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Possession of the apolipoprotein E ( ) ε4 allele advances amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and symptomatic onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas its effect on the rate of cognitive decline remained controversial. We examined the effects of ε4 allele on cognition in biomarker-confirmed late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and mild AD subjects in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (J-ADNI) and North American ADNI (NA-ADNI).

Methods: The "early AD" (ie, combined LMCI and mild AD) cohort of 649 subjects from J-ADNI and NA-ADNI were selected based on positivity of Aβ confirmed by amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid testing.

Do Preys Prey on Their Predators? Confusion Over Predatory "Hage-taka" Journals.

For the last several years, predatory journals have been a topic of discussion in top scientific journals, such as . Predatory journals are problematic because they create public mistrust of scientific publication as a whole by the mass production of non-credible publications with the sole aim of profit. Recently, articles in a Japanese newspaper and online articles exposed domestic institutions for the number of publications in predatory journals, saying that they "abused predatory journals to increase the number of their publications and falsely inflate their academic achievements.

Wavy mucosal tear in the sigmoid colon.

Although linear mucosal tears have been reported, we found a relatively rare case of wavy mucosal tear in collagenous colitis. This may be related to the mutual weak adhesiveness between the epithelium and collagen band. This complication necessitates great care to be taken while performing colonoscopy in patients suspected of collagenous colitis.

An adult case of atypical familial Mediterranean fever (pyrin-associated autoinflammatory disease) similar to adult-onset Still's disease.

We present a 55-year-old woman with periodic fever and symptoms similar to adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). She had a heterogeneous mutation of the gene and colchicine was effective. Atypical familial Mediterranean fever (pyrin-associated autoinflammatory disease) should be considered in patients with periodic fever accompanied by symptoms similar to AOSD.

Long-term outcomes following restorative proctocolectomy ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in pediatric ulcerative colitis patients: Multicenter national study in Japan.

Background: Few studies have investigated surgical outcomes following a colectomy in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Purpose: This study aimed to determine long-term outcomes in a large cohort of pediatric patients who underwent proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for UC.

Methods: Pediatric patients (<17 years old) who underwent surgery at 12 different hospitals in Japan between May 1979 and March 2015 were included in this study.

Enzalutamide-induced severe thrombocytopenia complicated by a seizure in a 76-year-old man with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Introduction: Adverse events with enzalutamide widely used for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer are of interest.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old man developed castration-resistant prostate cancer. He received 160 mg of enzalutamide daily.

Epidemiology and secular trends of malignant lymphoma in Japan: Analysis of 9426 cases according to the World Health Organization classification.

This study provides an overview of the epidemiology and secular trends of malignant lymphoma in Japan. Using data from clinics and hospitals throughout Japan, we analyzed 9426 cases of malignant lymphoma diagnosed in 2007-2014. We show that the proportion of follicular lymphoma and methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder increased during this time, as did the onset age for follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Disappearance of multiple pancreatic cysts after prednisolone treatment in a patient with autoimmune pancreatitis.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) with multiple pancreatic cysts is rare. The severe narrowing of the branched pancreatic ducts found in active AIP with a chronic pancreatitis background may have caused pancreatic juice outflow obstruction, resulting in multiple cysts. Oral steroid therapy resolved the stenosis, resulting in disappearance of the cysts.

Risk factors of small bowel obstruction following total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis with diverting loop-ileostomy for ulcerative colitis.

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) often occurs after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis with diverting loop-ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. Little is known about the association between SBO and surgical procedures for diverting loop-ileostomy. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective questionnaire survey.

A canine liver fibrosis model to develop a therapy for liver cirrhosis using cultured bone marrow-derived cells.

We have been developing a therapy for liver cirrhosis using cultured autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Before human clinical trials can be considered, the safety and efficacy of BMSC infusion in medium to large animals must be confirmed; thus, we developed a canine liver fibrosis model. A small amount of bone marrow fluid was aspirated from the canine humerus to assess the characteristics of BMSCs.

Dietary salt intake and diabetes complications in patients with diabetes: An overview.

Dietary salt restriction is an essential constituent of diabetes care in preventing or slowing the development of diabetes complications, and many diabetes management guidelines include recommendations for dietary salt intake. However, descriptions of guidelines for salt intake are sometimes confined to studies of participants without diabetes or small short-term studies of patients with diabetes. However, in response to such situations, recent longitudinal studies of patients with diabetes have reported an association between dietary salt intake and diabetes complications.

Prevalence, treatments and medical cost of multiple sclerosis in Japan based on analysis of a health insurance claims database.

Objective: To understand, through an analysis of health insurance claims data, the current treatment status and medical cost of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Japan.

Methods: We analyzed claims data (January 2005-January 2016) from the Japan Medical Data Center Co., Ltd.

Reconsidering Tonotopic Maps in the Auditory Cortex and Lemniscal Auditory Thalamus in Mice.

The auditory thalamus and auditory cortex (AC) are pivotal structures in the central auditory system. However, the thalamocortical mechanisms of processing sounds are largely unknown. Investigation of this process benefits greatly from the use of mice because the mouse is a powerful animal model in which various experimental techniques, especially genetic tools, can be applied.

Conditional Knockout of Cav2.1 Disrupts the Accuracy of Spatial Recognition of CA1 Place Cells and Spatial/Contextual Recognition Behavior.

Hippocampal pyramidal neurons play an essential role in processing spatial information as implicated with its place-dependent firing. Although, previous slice physiology studies have reported that voltage gated calcium channels contribute to spike shapes and corresponding firing rate in the hippocampus, the roles of P/Q type calcium channels (Cav2.1) underlying neural activity in behaving mice have not been well-investigated.

Current treatment status and medical cost for multiple sclerosis based on analysis of a Japanese claims database.

Objective: To assist policymakers as they reflect on treatment protocols and approaches for the efficient delivery of medical care for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Japan.

Methods: We analyzed data from a large Japanese health insurance claims database. Using an algorithm based on diagnosis codes, all patients with a diagnosis of MS were identified; patients having a non-MS demyelinating disease were excluded from the population.

Phylogeographic insights into the invasion history and secondary spread of the signal crayfish in Japan.

Successful invasion by nonindigenous species is often attributed to high propagule pressure, yet some foreign species become widespread despite showing reduced genetic variation due to founder effects. The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is one such example, where rapid spread across Japan in recent decades is believed to be the result of only three founding populations. To infer the history and explore the success of this remarkable crayfish invasion, we combined detailed phylogeographical and morphological analyses conducted in both the introduced and native ranges.

Basic characteristics of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF): blood cell components and biological effects.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in regenerative medicine because of its high concentrations of various growth factors and platelets. However, the distribution of blood cell components has not been investigated in either PRP or other PRP derivatives. In this study, we focused on plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), a PRP derivative, and analyzed the distributions of platelets and white blood cells (WBCs).

Changes in the Proteome of Xylem Sap in Brassica oleracea in Response to Fusarium oxysporum Stress.

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conlutinans (Foc) is a serious root-invading and xylem-colonizing fungus that causes yellowing in Brassica oleracea.