An examination of daily CO emissions prediction through a comparative analysis of machine learning, deep learning, and statistical models.

Human-induced global warming, primarily attributed to the rise in atmospheric CO, poses a substantial risk to the survival of humanity. While most research focuses on predicting annual CO emissions, which are crucial for setting long-term emission mitigation targets, the precise prediction of daily CO emissions is equally vital for setting short-term targets. This study examines the performance of 14 models in predicting daily CO emissions data from 1/1/2022 to 30/9/2023 across the top four polluting regions (China, India, the USA, and the EU27&UK).

Co-creation of a gender responsive TB intervention in Nigeria: a researcher-led collaborative study.

Background: In Nigeria, men constitute over half of the people notified with tuberculosis (TB), experience longer delays before reaching care, and are estimated to account for two thirds of people who miss out on care. The higher TB risk and burden in men has implications for the whole population and reaching them earlier with TB services will reduce onward transmission in households, communities, and workplaces. The absence of a comprehensive guidance and the lack of substantial empirical evidence on TB care approaches that are responsive to the needs of men in Nigeria exacerbates this problem.

Validation of the Contraception-Focused Preference-Aligned Fertility Management Index in Uganda and Nigeria.

Objective: To evaluate construct validity of the contraception-focused "Preference-aligned Fertility Management" (PFM) Index, a new person-centered and rights-based outcome measure, in Nigeria and Uganda.

Study Design: We analyzed survey data from convenience samples of new users of contraception and non-users of contraception in Uganda and users of contraception in Nigeria. PFM Index scores were calculated by combining two indicators: Indicator 1 assessing alignment between desire to use contraception and actual use; Indicator 2 evaluating whether users' current methods are desired.

M2 macrophage-targeting peptide-modified liposomes enhance the uptake and antitumor efficacy of liposomal IFN-γ in mice with C26 colon carcinoma.

While liposomes enhance the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of free drugs, they have not significantly improved therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this challenge, targeted depletion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) shows significant potential as an effective antitumor therapy, reducing off-target effects in comparison to non-targeted liposomes. In the context of peptide-mediated targeted cancer therapy, we evaluated the reprogramming activity of IFN-γ liposomes on TAMs, as well as that of IFN-γ liposomes modified with an M2 macrophage-targeting peptide, which binds preferentially to murine anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages/M2-like TAMs.

Exploring the Impact of Interferon-Gamma Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on HTLV-1 Infection: Unraveling Genetic Influences in Viral Pathogenesis.

Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) induces neoplastic adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and neurological HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) in approximately 3%-5% of infected individuals. The precise factors that facilitate disease manifestation are still unknown; interaction between the virus and the host's immune response is key. Cytokines regulates physiological activities and their dysregulation may initiate the pathogenesis of various malignant and infectious diseases.

Isolation, cytotoxicity evaluation, and molecular docking of 3,4,3'-tri--methylflavellagic acid from (DC.) Guill. & Perr. root.

Cancer kills about 10 million people every year. Medicinal plants remain a major source in the global search for anticancer drugs. In this study, 3,4,3'-tri--methylflavellagic acid (MFA) was isolated from the methanol root extract of .

Innovative Therapies Targeting Drug-Resistant Biomarkers in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC).

A thorough study of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) shows that combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) shows promising results in addressing the tumor-promoting influences of abnormal immunological and molecular biomarkers in metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). These abnormal biomarkers enhance drug resistance, support tumor growth, and trigger cancer-related genes. Ongoing clinical trials are testing new treatment options that appear more effective than earlier ones.

A Review of the Mycotoxin Family of Fumonisins, Their Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Methods of Detection and Effects on Humans and Animals.

Fumonisins, a class of mycotoxins predominantly produced by species, represent a major threat to food safety and public health due to their widespread occurrence in staple crops including peanuts, wine, rice, sorghum, and mainly in maize and maize-based food and feed products. Although fumonisins occur in different groups, the fumonisin B series, particularly fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2), are the most prevalent and toxic in this group of mycotoxins and are of public health significance due to the many debilitating human and animal diseases and mycotoxicosis they cause and their classification as by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a class 2B carcinogen (probable human carcinogen). This has made them one of the most regulated mycotoxins, with stringent regulatory limits on their levels in food and feeds destined for human and animal consumption, especially maize and maize-based products.

Interactive Effects of LED Spectrum and Nitrogen Levels on Physiological Changes and Yield of Strawberry ( Duch.).

Strawberries are valued globally for their nutritional, aesthetic, and economic benefits. Optimizing blue-to-red LED ratios and nitrogen levels is essential for sustainable indoor strawberry cultivation. This factorial study investigated the effects of blue and red LED combination ratios (L1; 1:3, L2; 1:4, and L3; 1:6) and nitrogen levels (N1; 100 and N2; 200 mg/L) on the physiology and performance of strawberries in a plant factory.

Unveiling the Genetic Diversity and Demographic History of in Sierra Leone Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing.

is a rare Coffea species boasting a flavor profile comparable to Arabica coffee () and has a good adaptability to lowland tropical climates. This species faces increasing threats from climate change, deforestation, and habitat fragmentation in its West African homeland. Using 1037 novel SNP markers derived from Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS), we revealed the presence of three distinct natural populations (mean Fst = 0.

Flavonoids, Isoquinoline Alkaloids, and Their Combinations Affect Growth Performance, Inflammatory Status, and Gut Microbiome of Broilers Under High Stocking Density and Heat Stress.

High stocking density (HSD) and heat stress (HS) challenge broiler production. While antibiotics can mitigate the adverse effects of HS and HSD, their restricted use underscores the need to explore phytochemicals, particularly their combined effects under such conditions. This study investigated the influence of flavonoids, isoquinoline alkaloids, and their combinations as alternatives to bacitracin on growth performance, inflammatory status, gut morphology, and ceca microbiome in broilers raised under HSD and HS.

Microvascular decompression: a contemporary update.

Background: Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the gold-standard surgical treatment for cranial nerve compression disorders, including trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN). This review synthesizes historical milestones, recent advances, and evolving techniques in MVD, with a primary focus on these conditions.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, BioMed Central, Scopus, and ScienceDirect.

Effect of prehospital topical application of water and other agents on outcome in burn injured patients: A prospective study.

Introduction: Topical agents applied to the burn wound as first aid measures have been noted to impact outcomes. The application of cool running water is effective when administered for at least 20 min within 3 h of burn as recommended by the Australian and New Zealand Burn Association. However, the American Burn Association recommends running water for 5 min, and only in minor burns.

Immunoinformatics design of a novel multiepitope vaccine candidate against non-typhoidal salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Kentucky using outer membrane proteins A, C, and F.

The global public health risk posed by Salmonella Kentucky (S. Kentucky) is rising, particularly due to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in human and animal populations. This serovar, widespread in Africa, has emerged as a notable cause of non-typhoidal gastroenteritis in humans.

Cropland expansion links climate extremes and diets in Nigeria.

Climate change threatens smallholder agriculture and food security in the Global South. While cropland expansion is often used to counter adverse climate effects despite ecological trade-offs, the benefits for diets and nutrition remain unclear. This study quantitatively examines relationships between climate anomalies, forest loss from cropland expansion, and dietary outcomes in Nigeria, Africa's most populous country.

Geophysical and geochemical characterization of Odogbo Dumpsite, Ijebu Ijesa, Southwestern Nigeria.

Due to incessant contamination of the groundwater system near the dumpsite in southwestern Nigeria Basement Complex, this study seeks to evaluate the impact of the Odogbo dumpsite on the local groundwater system by integrating geophysical and geochemical methodologies. Aeromagnetic data covering the study area was acquired, processed, and enhanced to delineate basement features that could potentially be passing plumes to the groundwater system. Concurrently, geoelectric methods using 2-D dipole-dipole imaging and vertical electrical sounding (VES) were utilized to characterize the vulnerability indices of the lithologies underlying the dumpsite.

Monitoring the trends of carbon monoxide and tropospheric formaldehyde in Edo State using Sentinel-5P and Google Earth Engine from 2018 to 2023.

This research was carried out to assess the concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in Edo State, Southern Nigeria, using remote sensing data. A secondary data collection method was used for the assessment, and the levels of CO and HCHO were extracted annually from Google Earth Engine using information from Sentinel-5-P satellite data (COPERNISCUS/S5P/NRTI/L3_) and processed using ArcMap, Google Earth Engine, and Microsoft Excel to determine the levels of CO and HCHO in the study area from 2018 to 2023. The geometry of the study location is highlighted, saved and run, and a raster imagery file of the study area is generated after the task has been completed with a 'projection and extent' in the Geographic Tagged Image File Format (.

Country-specific key lifestyle factors and health outcomes for resource allocation in the general population: a network analysis across 29 countries.

Background: We aimed to identify the central lifestyle, the most impactful among lifestyle factor clusters; the central health outcome, the most impactful among health outcome clusters; and the bridge lifestyle, the most strongly connected to health outcome clusters, across 29 countries to optimise resource allocation for local holistic health improvements.

Methods: From July 2020 to August 2021, we surveyed 16 461 adults across 29 countries who self-reported changes in 18 lifestyle factors and 13 health outcomes due to the pandemic. Three networks were generated by network analysis for each country: lifestyle, health outcome, and bridge networks.

Valorization of mixed blackwater/agricultural wastes for bioelectricity and biohydrogen production: A microbial treatment pathway.

The management of wastewater and agricultural wastes has been limited by the separate treatment processes, which exacerbate pollution and contribute to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Given the energy demands and financial burdens of traditional treatment facilities, there is a pressing need for technologies that can concurrently treat solid waste and generate energy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing bioelectricity and biohydrogen through the microbial treatment of blackwater and agricultural waste using a dual-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC).

VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION AND PROMOTION AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN WEST AFRICA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NARRATIVE SYNTHESIS.

Low vegetable consumption among school-age children and adolescents put them at risk of micronutrient malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. There is a dearth of synthesized literature on vegetable intake and interventions to promote increased consumption among this age-group in West-Africa. This study pooled evidence on vegetable consumption and interventions to promote vegetable consumption among school- age children and adolescents (6-19 years) in West-Africa.

Mind the gap in kidney care: Translating what we know into what we do.

Historically, it takes an average of 17 years to move new treatments from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. The time is now to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do.

Diagnosis, treatment, and management of Mpox in urban Informal Settlements in Southwestern Nigeria: an ethnographic approach.

Background: Global re-emergence of the zoonotic viral disease, Mpox (Monkeypox) has drawn global attention, leading to its declaration as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by World Health Organisation (WHO) in July 2022. Nigeria is a spotlight identified for the viral disease outbreak, with attention drawn on its transmission to non-endemic nations. With the country's healthcare challenges, care seeking practices particularly amongst low-income urban informal settlement populations are diverse - presenting challenges to both case identification and management during an outbreak.