The Transient Sea Level Response to External Forcing in CMIP6 Models.

Earth is warming and sea levels are rising as land-based ice is lost to melt, and oceans expand due to accumulation of heat. The pace of ice loss and steric expansion is linked to the intensity of warming. How much faster sea level will rise as climate warms is, however, highly uncertain and difficult to model.

Greenland Ice Core Record of Last Glacial Dust Sources and Atmospheric Circulation.

Abrupt and large-scale climate changes have occurred repeatedly and within decades during the last glaciation. These events, where dramatic warming occurs over decades, are well represented in both Greenland ice core mineral dust and temperature records, suggesting a causal link. However, the feedbacks between atmospheric dust and climate change during these Dansgaard-Oeschger events are poorly known and the processes driving changes in atmospheric dust emission and transport remain elusive.

Circling in on Convective Self-Aggregation.

In radiative-convective equilibrium simulations, convective self-aggregation (CSA) is the spontaneous organization into segregated cloudy and cloud-free regions. Evidence exists for how CSA is stabilized, but how it arises favorably on large domains is not settled. Using large-eddy simulations, we link the spatial organization emerging from the interaction of cold pools (CPs) to CSA.

Mechanical Forcing of Convection by Cold Pools: Collisions and Energy Scaling.

Forced mechanical lifting through cold pool gust fronts can trigger new convection and, as previous work highlights, is enhanced when cold pools collide. However, as shown by conceptual models, the organization of the convective cloud field emerging from two versus three colliding cold pools differs strongly. In idealized dry large-eddy simulations we therefore compare collisions between two and three cold pools.

Particle-Based Tracking of Cold Pool Gust Fronts.

The gust fronts of convective cold pools (CPs) are increasingly recognized as loci of enhanced triggering for subsequent convective cells. It has so far been difficult to track these gust fronts in high-resolution data, such as large eddy simulations (LES)-rendering mechanistic analysis of CP interaction incomplete. Here, a simple tracking method is defined, tested, and applied, which uses horizontal advection and a condition on horizontal divergence, to emit tracers at the perimeter of surface precipitation patches.

Organic Compounds in a Sub-Antarctic Ice Core: A Potential Suite of Sea Ice Markers.

Investigation of organic compounds in ice cores can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. We present results from the first ever ice core drilled on sub-Antarctic island Bouvet, representing a climatologically important but understudied region. We analyze a suite of novel and more familiar organic compounds in the ice core, alongside commonly measured ions.

Hamiltonian Nullspace Shuttles.

We present a method to explore the effective nullspace of nonlinear inverse problems without Monte Carlo sampling. This is based on the construction of an artificial Hamiltonian system where a model is treated as a high-dimensional particle. Depending on its initial momentum and mass matrix, the particle evolves along a trajectory that traverses the effective nullspace, thereby producing a series of alternative models that are consistent with observations and their uncertainties.

Dust deposition on the decks of the Mars Exploration Rovers: 10 years of dust dynamics on the Panoramic Camera calibration targets.

The Panoramic Cameras on NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers have each returned more than 17,000 images of their calibration targets. In order to make optimal use of this data set for reflectance calibration, a correction must be made for the presence of air fall dust. Here we present an improved dust correction procedure based on a two-layer scattering model, and we present a dust reflectance spectrum derived from long-term trends in the data set.