Acceptance of anomalous research findings: explaining treatment implausibility reduces belief in far-fetched results.

Research findings are best understood by considering contextual factors such as treatment plausibility: how likely it is that a studied treatment or manipulation is effective, based on theory and data. If a treatment is implausible, then more evidence should be required before believing it has an effect. The current study assessed the extent to which the interpretation of a research finding is affected by treatment plausibility.

Impact of a multifaceted and multidisciplinary intervention on pain, agitation and delirium management in an intensive care unit: an experience of a Canadian community hospital in conducting a quality improvement project.

Background: Clinical guidelines suggest that routine assessment, treatment, and prevention of pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) is essential to improving patient outcomes as delirium is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Despite the well-established improvements on patient outcomes, adherence to PAD guidelines is poor in community intensive care units (ICU). This quality improvement (QI) project aims to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted and multidisciplinary intervention on PAD management in a Canadian community ICU and to describe the experience of a Canadian community hospital in conducting a QI project.

Region-Specific Associations between Environmental Factors and in Freshwater Beaches in Toronto and Niagara Region, Canada.

Poor freshwater beach quality, measured by () levels, poses a risk of recreational water illness. This study linked environmental data to geometric means collected at 18 beaches in Toronto (2008-2019) and the Niagara Region (2011-2019) to examine the environmental predictors of . We developed region-specific models using mixed effects models to examine as a continuous variable and recommended thresholds of concentration (100 CFU/100 mL and 200 CFU/100 mL).

Partying during a pandemic: role of descriptive partying norms, residence, college alcohol beliefs, and political ideology in COVID-19 party behavior.

Objective: Non-adherence to COVID-19 guidelines is a major public health issue. This study explored factors that explain college student party behavior (PB; defined as attending a college party wherein COVID-19 guidelines, including masks and social distancing were ignored) during the pandemic.

Method: Freshmen students at a northeastern university ( = 207; 72% women) responded to an online Fall 2020 semester survey.

Multiorganizational Partnerships: A Mechanism for Increasing the Employment of Internationally Educated Nurses.

Background: Internationally educated nurses (IENs) face multiple challenges in entering and integrating into the Canadian workforce. These challenges include getting to know the Canadian culture, nursing accountabilities, professional practice requirements and experience or qualifications deemed not equivalent to the Canadian standard. Hamilton Health Sciences' (HHS') IEN Integration Project has been funded by the Ontario and Canadian governments to support IENs in overcoming these challenges and contribute to the healthcare system.

Molecular Identification of Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) Infecting Sweet Cherry in Canada and Development of a PDV Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clone.

(PDV) is a member of ilarviruses that infects stone fruit species such as cherry, plum and peach, and ornamentally grown trees worldwide. The virus lacks an RNA silencing suppressor. Infection by PDV either alone, or its mixed infection with other viruses causes deteriorated fruit marketability and reduced fruit yields.

Perfectionistic Cognitions Pre-Pandemic Predict Greater Anxiety Symptoms During the Pandemic Among Emerging Adults: A Two-Wave Cross-Lagged Study.

This study employed a two-wave cross-lagged panel analysis to examine associations between perfectionistic cognitions, anxiety, and depression pre-pandemic to during the pandemic in a sample of 171 (57% female,  = 98) emerging adults. Results demonstrated that perfectionistic cognitions decreased, anxiety increased, and depressive symptoms did not change pre-pandemic to during the pandemic. Cross-lagged results indicated that pre-pandemic perfectionistic cognitions predicted higher levels of anxiety symptoms (but not depressive symptoms) during the pandemic after accounting for pre-pandemic levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Using the QI Maturity Tool - Modified Ontario Version to assess the state of QI maturity in Ontario's public health units.

Background: Implementation of quality improvement (QI) practices varies considerably among public health units (PHUs) in Ontario. With the emphasis on continuous quality improvement (CQI) in the revised Ontario Public Health Standards (OPHS), there is a need to understand the level of QI maturity in Ontario's PHUs. The objective of this research was to establish a baseline understanding of QI maturity in Ontario's PHUs.

Community-informed, integrated, and coordinated care through a community-level model: A narrative synthesis on community hubs.

We identify the core services included in a community hub model of care to improve the understanding of this model for health leaders, decision-makers in community-based organizations, and primary healthcare clinicians. We searched Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google from 2000 to 2020 to synthesize original research on community hubs. Eighteen sources were assessed for quality and narratively synthesized (n = 18).

Dietary intake and characteristics in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Despite growing interest in diet and dietary interventions in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), few studies have examined dietary intake and characteristics within this population. The objectives of this study were to prospectively describe and compare nutrition assessment parameters related to the diet, including daily food intake, nutrient intake, eating behaviours, and other dietary characteristics (i.e.

Going against the Norm: A Mixed Methods Analysis of College Students' Arguments against the College Drinking Culture.

College alcohol beliefs (e.g. "College is a time for experimentation with alcohol") are highly predictive of heavy drinking and its consequences.

An Impact Analysis of the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in a Prospective Cohort of Canadian Adolescents.

Purpose: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health is a global concern; however, most research is cross-sectional or started after the pandemic response began and thus unable to evaluate within-individual change. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of the initial COVID-19 response on adolescent mental health and ill-health as a natural experiment.

Methods: We used 3-year linked data from the COMPASS study, including 7,653 Canadian (Quebec, Ontario) adolescents from which 2,099 completed surveys in all three waves (pre-COVID-19 [2018 and 2019] and online [May-July 2020], 2-3 months into the pandemic).

External validation of the 4C mortality score among COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective study.

Risk prediction scores are important tools to support clinical decision-making for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The objective of this paper was to validate the 4C mortality score, originally developed in the United Kingdom, for a Canadian population, and to examine its performance over time. We conducted an external validation study within a registry of COVID-19 positive hospital admissions in the Kitchener-Waterloo and Hamilton regions of southern Ontario between March 4, 2020 and June 13, 2021.

Cytokine concentrations in saliva vs. plasma at rest and in response to intense exercise in adolescent athletes.

Background: Salivary measures are advantageous in conducting large paediatric studies involving repeated measures. However, research measuring salivary cytokines in youth is limited.

Aim: Compare salivary with plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines at rest and following exercise in adolescent swimmers (21 male, 22 female).

Measuring the value of a digital supplemental resource.

Supplemental resources in science education are made available to students based on the belief that they will improve course-based student learning. This belief is ubiquitous, with supplemental resources being a traditional component of physiology education. In addition, the recent large-scale transition to remote learning caused by the Covid-19 pandemic suggests an increased relevance and necessity of digital versions of supplemental resources.

Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects as many as 20% of mothers, yet just 1 in 10 of these women receives evidence-based treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased PPD risk, reduced treatment access, and shifted preferences toward virtual care.

Objective: To determine whether an online 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based workshop added to treatment as usual improves PPD, anxiety, social support, mother-infant relationship quality, and infant temperament more than treatment as usual alone.

Longitudinal association between movement behaviours and depressive symptoms among adolescents using compositional data analysis.

Background: Research examining the associations between movement behaviours and mental health indicators within a compositional framework are sparse and limited by their cross-sectional study design. This study has three objectives. First, to describe the change in movement behaviour composition over time.

Vertical structure of the bacterial diversity in meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake.

The permanently stratified water columns in euxinic meromictic lakes produce niche environments for phototrophic sulfur oxidizers and diverse sulfur metabolisms. While Green Lake (Fayetteville, New York, NY) is known to host a diverse community of ecologically important sulfur bacteria, analyses of its microbial communities, to date, have been largely based on pigment analysis and smaller datasets from Sanger sequencing techniques. Here, we present the results of next-generation sequencing of the eubacterial community in the context of the water column geochemistry.

Psychometric Properties of a Scale Measuring Patients' Perceptions Regarding Physical Activity Counseling by Physicians.

This study developed a scale measuring patients' perceptions regarding physical activity (PA) counseling by physicians. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess psychometric properties. The first factor extracted was "PA recommendation," which accounted for a variance of 45.

The rural tax: comprehensive out-of-pocket costs associated with patient travel in British Columbia.

Background: A significant concern for rural patients is the cost of travel outside of their community for specialist and diagnostic care. Often, these costs are transferred to patients and their families, who also experience stress associated with traveling for care. We sought to examine the rural patient experience by (1) estimating and categorizing the various out of pocket costs associated with traveling for healthcare and (2) describing and measuring patient stress and other experiences associated with traveling to seek care, specifically in relation to household income.

Paramedics assessing patients with complex comorbidities in community settings: results from the CARPE study.

Objectives: The aim for this study was to provide information about how community paramedicine home visit programs best "navigate" their role delivering preventative care to frequent 9-1-1 users by describing demographic and clinical characteristics of their patients and comparing them to existing community care populations.

Methods: Our study used secondary data from standardized assessment instruments used in the delivery of home care, community support services, and community paramedicine home visit programs in Ontario. Identical assessment items from each instrument enabled comparisons of demographic, clinical, and social characteristics of community-dwelling older adults using descriptive statistics and z-tests.

Tone it down or tune it out? Effects of instructor cues on body image, enjoyment, and intentions to return during group exercise for older adults.

The use of appearance (versus functionality) cues in group exercise has been linked to negative body image outcomes in young women. This study examined the impact of appearance versus functionality-focused cues during an exercise class on state body image, enjoyment, and intentions to return to a future class, in older adults (60+ years). Participants (N = 107, M = 69 years) completed demographic and trait body image measures at a first session and attended either an appearance or functionality-focused full-body strength-based circuit class.

Psychosocial distress amongst Canadian intensive care unit healthcare workers during the acceleration phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Intensive care unit healthcare workers (ICU HCW) are at risk of mental health issues during emerging disease outbreaks. A study of ICU HCW from France revealed symptoms of anxiety and depression in 50.4% and 30.