Exercise therapy facilitates neural remodeling and functional recovery post-spinal cord injury via PKA/CREB signaling pathway modulation in rats.

Background: Neuronal structure is disrupted after spinal cord injury (SCI), causing functional impairment. The effectiveness of exercise therapy (ET) in clinical settings for nerve remodeling post-SCI and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effects and related mechanisms of ET on nerve remodeling in SCI rats.

Humeral and Glenoid Component Malposition in Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Retrospective, Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of glenoid and humeral component malposition in failed primary shoulder arthroplasty requiring revision. We hypothesized that glenoid and humeral component malposition would be a prevalent feature in cases requiring revision arthroplasty for primary anatomic TSA, primary RSA, and primary hemiarthroplasty procedures.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed focusing on identifying the incidence of malpositioned components in shoulder arthroplasty in quantitative and qualitative reviews.

Osterix mRNA Enrichment in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Osteogenically Induced ADSCs: A Promoter of Osteogenic Differentiation in BMSCs.

Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) is essential for bone tissue regeneration and repair. However, this process is often hindered by an unstable differentiation influenced by local microenvironmental factors. While small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from osteogenically induced adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) reportedly can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Recognition and Differentiation of Baker Lesions in Lateral Epicondylitis During Arthroscopic Debridement.

Recognition of lateral capsular disruptions (Baker lesions) that are commonly identified during arthroscopic lateral epicondylitis release is important because understanding that these lesions exist-and the variation of their arthroscopic appearance-is important. In addition, identifying Baker lesions serves as evidence supporting lateral epicondylitis as the cause of symptoms. The purposes of this article are to describe the classification system and to arthroscopically show examples of each lesion type, as well as to describe our technique for arthroscopic lateral epicondylitis release.

Arthroscopic Recognition and Treatment Options for Biceps Subluxation.

Instability of the long head of the biceps tendon is a common pathologic condition that may be difficult to identify using history, physical examination, advanced diagnostic imaging, and even arthroscopic diagnostic inspection. The goal of this technical article is to showcase important anatomic features, intra-articular arthroscopic assessment, and commonly associated pathologies that should raise concern for biceps instability. Techniques to address concurrent biceps and subscapularis lesions are also described.

Virtual triple-bundle ACL graft via femoral tunnels behind the resident's ridge on 3D CT demonstrates equivalent orientation to native ACL.

Purpose: To clarify the femoral tunnel location for a virtual anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft to simulate the native ACL.

Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained in 14 normal knees in full extension. Two types of virtual triple bundle ACL grafts (VACLG) were created.

3D-printed TiC/polycaprolactone composite scaffold with a DOPA-SDF1 surface modified for bone repair.

Large bone defects are a major clinical challenge in bone reconstructive surgery. 3D printing is a powerful technology that enables the manufacture of custom tissue-engineered scaffolds for bone regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a treatment method for external bone defects that compensates for damaged internal electrical signals and stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation.

"ICODE Hip US Calculator": a mobile phone aid for screening with Graf's sonographic technique.

Aim: Aiming to offer a diagnostic tool to aid examiners with correct hip typing and decision-making about patient management, members of the Board of the International Interdisciplinary Consensus Committee on DDH Evaluation (ICODE - https://www.icode.expert), introduced the cross-platform mobile application (Android and iOS) called "ICODE Hip US Calculator".

Decoding ferroptosis: transforming orthopedic disease management.

As a mechanism of cell death, ferroptosis has gained popularity since 2012. The process is distinguished by iron toxicity and phospholipid accumulation, in contrast to autophagy, apoptosis, and other cell death mechanisms. It is implicated in the advancement of multiple diseases across the body.

Patient-Reported Outcomes After Periacetabular Osteotomy Versus Hip Arthroscopy for Borderline Acetabular Dysplasia Are Both Favorable: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To compare patient populations and outcomes in studies treating borderline hip dysplasia (BHD) with either hip arthroscopy or periacetabular osteotomy (PAO).

Methods: We conducted a literature review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines to identify studies published after 2014 that reported patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after hip arthroscopy or PAO for BHD. Preoperative demographic characteristics, radiographic variables, operative findings, procedures, postoperative outcomes, and complications were recorded.

Trends and Complications of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Among Applicants for the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II and Maintenance of Certification Examinations: Analysis of Data Over a 15-Year Period.

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) are commonly performed surgical procedures that often have a high learning curve.

Purpose: To review the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II oral examination case list and the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) examination case list databases for trends in MPFLR (isolated and with concurrent TTO) and complication rates.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

miR-21-5p Enriched Exosomes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Promote Osteogenesis via YAP1 Modulation.

Purpose: To investigate the osteogenic potential of human embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes (hESC-Exos) and their effects on the differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs).

Methods: hESC-Exos were isolated and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blotting. hUCMSCs were cultured with hESC-Exos to assess osteogenic differentiation through alizarin red staining, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and Western blotting.

Functional Outcomes After Nonoperative Management in Older Adult Low-Energy Stable and Unstable Ankle Fractures: A Retrospective Review of 158 Patients.

Background: There is ongoing debate regarding the optimal management of older adult ankle fractures. The purpose of this study was to describe baseline characteristics and functional outcomes including complications in older adult patients receiving nonoperative treatment for low-energy ankle fracture and compare the outcomes of those with unstable vs stable fracture patterns.

Methods: Patients aged ≥65 from January 2012 to March 2019 that sustained an ankle fracture were identified.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients Older Than 50 Years: A Descriptive Study With Minimum 10-Year Follow-up.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is increasingly being performed in patients >50 years old; however, the long-term outcomes are unclear.

Purpose: To analyze the functional results, osteoarthritic progression, reoperation rate, and failure rate at minimum 10-year follow-up in patients >50 years old who have undergone primary ACL reconstruction.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Frustrations in Providing Orthopaedic Trauma Care: An OTA Member Survey Study.

Objectives: To determine sources of frustration for surgeons and how they might affect job satisfaction within the orthopaedic trauma community.

Methods: A 25-question survey regarding potential common causes of frustration, operating room (OR) utilization, and career satisfaction was electronically distributed to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) membership.

Results: Four hundred seventy-one surgeons participated in the survey (response rate 27.

A Simple Clinical Predictive Model for Arthroscopic Mobility of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Knee.

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a focal idiopathic alteration of subchondral bone and/or its precursor with risk for instability and disruption of adjacent cartilage. Treatment options focused on preventing premature osteoarthritis vary depending on multiple patient and lesion characteristics, including lesion mobility.

Purpose: To differentiate lesion mobility before arthroscopy using a multivariable model that includes patient demographic characteristics and physical examination findings.

Intercostal Neuralgia Successfully Managed With Peripheral Nerve Stimulation.

Intercostal neuralgia is characterized by neuropathic pain along the distribution of the intercostal nerve, which can cause debilitating pain and interfere with daily activities. The literature is extremely limited in assessing the use of neuromodulation to treat trauma-induced intercostal neuralgia. This case reports a 40-year-old patient who presented with decades of refractory, long-standing thoracic pain.

A Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma Use in Patients Taking Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Guideline Development.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product containing concentrated platelets, growth factors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines that promote healing and regeneration. Platelets release active components through a degranulation process, which is inhibited by certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Current deferral guidelines are not established, but NSAIDs are expected to have a time-dose relationship with platelet inhibition.

Effects of pre-operative patient expectations on the outcome after total shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review.

Aim: To synthesize the evidence considering effects of pre-operative patient expectations on the post-operative outcomes in patients with total shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies. Studies before 2000 were excluded.

Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Advanced neuromuscular training prepares patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for sport participation. Return-to-sport testing often includes single-leg hop tests, yet combining motor and cognitive tasks (i.e.