Neurodevelopmental disorders in children with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review.

Individuals with orofacial clefts (OFCs) may be at an increased risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review provides a summary of the most recent data regarding the prevalence of ASD and ADHD in the OFC population and compares this to the general paediatric population. Multiple databases were searched including PubMed/Medline and Embase in July 2024, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024565219).

Specialists' management of permanent dentition traumatic dental injuries in 7-16-year-olds: A qualitative study.

Background/aim: Specialist paediatric dentists are integral to dental trauma care pathways. General dentists rely on specialist input, more so in complex cases. Little is known about specialists' role in these pathways or the perceived barriers they face.

Using unsupervised machine learning to quantify physical activity from accelerometry in a diverse and rapidly changing population.

Accelerometers are widely used to measure physical activity behaviour, including in children. The traditional method for processing acceleration data uses cut points to define physical activity intensity, relying on calibration studies that relate the magnitude of acceleration to energy expenditure. However, these relationships do not generalise across diverse populations and hence they must be parametrised for each subpopulation (e.

Advancing cluster randomised trials in children's therapy: a survey of the acceptability of trial behaviours to therapists and parents.

Background: Randomised controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions in children's therapy are rare. This is, in part, due to the challenges of the acceptability of common trial designs to therapists and service users. This study investigated the acceptability of participation in cluster randomised controlled trials to therapists and service users.

Surgical Advances in Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in children and, unfortunately, is associated with poor survival rates. OS most commonly arises around the knee joint, and was traditionally treated with amputation until surgeons began to favour limb-preserving surgery in the 1990s. Whilst improving functional outcomes, this was not without problems, such as implant failure and limb length discrepancies.

Ascertainment of Silent Myocardial Infarction in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (from the GLOBAL LEADERS Trial).

Q-wave myocardial infarction (QWMI) comprises 2 entities. First, a clinically evident MI, which can occur spontaneously or be related to a coronary procedure. Second, silent MI which is incidentally detected on serial electrocardiographic (ECG) assessment.

Diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy (DiaGO): results of a pilot study to assess the utility of an office tool for practicing endocrinologists.

Context: In active Graves' orbitopathy (GO), treatment can improve the final cosmetic and visual outcome. Diagnostic delay results in significant morbidity and increases patient dissatisfaction. However, it can be challenging for endocrinologists to recognize GO and decide who should be referred for ophthalmic care.

Targeted Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Lung Transplantation in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Multiple Combination Bactericidal Testing.

Early infection is a recognised complication after lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Our centre uses multiple combination bactericidal testing (MCBT) when determining appropriate peritransplant prophylactic regimens. To evaluate our strategy, we compared the incidence of posttransplant infection in patients whose peritransplant antimicrobial regimens were determined using MCBT versus standard sensitivity testing.

Contraceptive choice for young people.

Background And Methodology: Giving young women access to newer contraceptives such as the combined contraceptive patch, combined contraceptive vaginal ring and single-rod implant may help reduce teenage pregnancies. However, little is known about young people's attitudes towards these contraceptives. This cross-sectional survey, using a self-completion questionnaire, aimed to explore young people's attitudes towards these contraceptives in order to develop understanding of the choices they make about contraception.

Reversible valproate hepatotoxicity due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (POLG1).

We report the case of a 2-year-old boy with seizures who developed hepatic failure shortly after commencing sodium valproate. Unexpectedly, liver function returned to normal on stopping the drug. Sequencing of the mitochondrial polymerase γ gene (POLG1) revealed four heterozygous substitutions, two of which have been identified in cases of Alpers-Huttenlocher disease.

Reversible valproate hepatotoxicity due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG1).

We report the case of a 2-year-old boy with seizures who developed hepatic failure shortly after commencing sodium valproate. Unexpectedly, liver function returned to normal on stopping the drug. Sequencing of the mitochondrial polymerase gamma gene (POLG1) revealed four heterozygous substitutions, two of which have been identified in cases of Alpers-Huttenlocher disease.

Effect of mitral valve repair/replacement surgery on atrial arrhythmia behavior.

Background And Aims Of The Study: Few data have been published on the effects of mitral valve surgery on atrial rhythm. The study aims were to determine the effects of surgery on: (i) persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF); (ii) measures of left atrial and ventricular dimensions; and (iii) ECG P-wave duration.

Methods: A retrospective case-note review of 92 patients with chronic mitral regurgitation was undertaken.

'Tag and label' system for checking and recording of blood transfusions.

Guidelines for checking and recording of blood transfusion mandate the use of a blood transfusion compatibility form. We have introduced and assessed a 'tag and label' system that does away with the compatibility form. A compatibility tag with a peel-off self-adhesive label is attached to the unit for transfusion.