Effector immune cells in chronic lung allograft dysfunction: A systematic review.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the major barrier to long-term survival after lung transplantation and improved insight into its underlying immunological mechanisms is critical to better understand the disease and to identify treatment targets. We systematically searched the electronic databases of PubMed and EMBASE for original research publications, published between January 2000 and April 2021, to comprehensively assess current evidence on effector immune cells in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung transplant recipients with CLAD. Literature search revealed 1351 articles, 76 of which met the criteria for inclusion in our analysis.

Dental Policy Lab 1 - towards a cavity-free future.

Although many dental professionals argue that prevention of oral diseases, including dental caries, will benefit both the patient and public finances, a paradigm shift has yet to happen in most countries. The literature has demonstrated that caries prevention and control is possible, but authorities have yet to implement health systems that allow patients to stay in a good health state. 'Policy Labs' are an innovative policy-making initiative that allow a positive collaboration between the many stakeholders around a given policy issue.

Are RMGIC restorations as effective with or without selective caries removal in primary molars?

Design A two-arm parallel group, tooth-randomised, controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial.Case selection Participants were cooperative 3-9-year-old children of good health, presenting with at least one International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) Grade 5 cavitated dentine occlusal carious lesion, with radiographic depth into dentine. Teeth included were symptom-free, non-mobile and had no more than one-third root resorption.

Relationship of ventricular assist device support duration with pediatric heart transplant outcomes.

Background: There is wide variability in the timing of heart transplant (HTx) after pediatric VAD implant. While some centers wait months before listing for HTx, others accept donor heart offers within days of VAD surgery. We sought to determine if HTx within 30 days versus ≥ 30 after VAD impacts post-HTx outcomes.

A retrospective cohort study of idiopathic diaphragmatic palsy: a diagnostic triad, natural history and prognosis.

Background: Isolated diaphragmatic palsy in the absence of progressive neuromuscular disease is uncommon. It poses diagnostic challenges and limited data are available regarding prognosis. We present retrospective cohort data from two large teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom.

A systematic review of the quality and scope of decision modelling studies in child oral health research.

Background: Decision analytic models are often used in economic evaluations to estimate long-term costs and effects of treatment which span beyond the time-frame of a clinical trial, therefore providing a better understanding of the long-term implications of decisions that conventional trial-based economic evaluations fail to provide. This is particularly relevant for considering oral health interventions in children as treatments may affect adult oral health. However, in the field of child oral health there has not been an evaluation of the quality and scope of decision analytical models which extend into adulthood.

The interaction and interference of preformed metal crowns on magnetic resonance imaging: a scoping review with a systematic methodology.

Purpose: Preformed metal crowns are widely used to restore primary and permanent teeth. Children may require magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases in the head and neck region. Metallic objects, in the field of view, may compromise the diagnostic value of an MRI.

Activity of blinatumomab in lymphoblastic leukemia with impaired T-cell immunity due to congenital immunodeficiency.

Blinatumomab, a single-chain, bispecific, T-cell-engaging antibody targeting CD19, is effective in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), even in the context of chemotherapy-related partial T-cell immunodeficiency. We report 2 patients with BCP-ALL and congenital T-cell immunodeficiency, who obtained an excellent response to blinatumomab. The first, a 6-year-old girl with Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) and combined immunodeficiency disorder (CID) obtained a minimum residual disease-negative (MRD-) remission of high hyperdiploid BCP-ALL with blinatumomab.

Primary Care Dentists' management of permanent dentition traumatic dental injuries in 7- to 16-year-olds: A sequential mixed-methods study.

Background/aims: Primary care dentists play a pivotal role in the management of traumatic dental injuries in children, despite little evidence on the barriers they face in providing care. The aim of this study was to explore and contextualize the knowledge and attitudes of general dental practitioners regarding their management of permanent dentition traumatic dental injuries in children aged 7-16 years old.

Material And Methods: A two-phase sequential mixed-methods study included a questionnaire that was disseminated to all 619 primary care dentists, identified via a triangulated sampling strategy, based across the north-east of England (Phase I).

Do composite restorations in primary molar teeth have a higher survival rate following total or selective caries removal?

Study design A double-blind randomised clinical trial, conducted between June 2009 and June 2011, in a paediatric dental department in a Brazilian dental school.Study selection Children aged 3-8 years, in good general health, with deep carious lesions (caries radiographically located in the inner quarter of dentine) affecting either one or two surfaces in primary molars were eligible for inclusion. Teeth were excluded if clinical or radiographic evidence of pulpal inflammation or necrosis or clinical mobility were observed.

Are different pulp treatment techniques and associated medicaments effective for the treatment of extensive decay in primary teeth?

Data sources Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register and Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline Ovid, Embase Ovid, Web of Science, Open Grey, US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register and World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. There were no restrictions on language or publication dates.Study selection Two reviewers selected randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing different pulp interventions in extensively decayed primary teeth, which combined a pulp treatment technique and a medicament.

Improving lipid management in patients with acute coronary syndrome: The ACS Lipid EuroPath tool.

Post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients are at very high risk for recurrent events and mortality, despite the availability of effective pharmacological approaches. In 2018, the ACS EuroPath Survey, performed in collaboration with 555 European cardiologists, identified a sub-optimal LDL-C management in post-ACS patients. Based on these premises, the ACS EuroPath II project led to the development of a self-assessment tool to improve lipid management in these very high risk patients, taking into consideration the new 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines.

The Impact of Environment on Gait Assessment: Considerations from Real-World Gait Analysis in Dementia Subtypes.

Laboratory-based gait assessments are indicative of clinical outcomes (e.g., disease identification).

Hall technique: is it superior in success and savings to conventional restorations?

Design A cost-effectiveness analysis of caries management in primary molars using Hall technique (HT) versus conventional restoration (CR) from a pre-existing dataset from a randomised split-mouth trial, within primary care in Scotland, with a five-year follow-up.Case selection Computer-generated block randomisation was used to match asymptomatic primary molars of 3-10-year-old children recruited from primary care, to either HT or CR arms.Economic evaluation A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken.

Outcome of Non-hematological Autoimmunity After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency.

Purpose: Knowledge of post-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) non-hematological autoimmune disease (AD) is far from satisfactory.

Method: This multicenter retrospective study focuses on incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of post-HCT AD in 596 children with primary immunodeficiency (PID) who were transplanted from 2009 to 2018.

Results: The indications of HCT were severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID, n = 158, 27%) and non-SCID PID (n = 438, 73%).

Using Arts-Based Therapies to Improve Mental Health for Children and Young People With Physical Health Long-Term Conditions: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness.

Children with physical health long-term conditions (LTCs) have increased risk of mental health difficulties relative to healthy peers. However, availability of psychological support integrated into pediatric physical health settings is limited, and there are long waiting times for access to child mental health services. Arts-based therapies involve using creative media to develop a therapeutic relationship, and offer a potential alternative to talking-based therapies.

Improvement of Severe Fatigue Following Nuclease Therapy in Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of RSLV-132, an RNase Fc fusion protein, in a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods: Thirty patients with primary SS were randomized to receive treatment with RSLV-132 or placebo intravenously once per week for 2 weeks, and then every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Eight patients received placebo and 20 patients received RSLV-132 at a dose of 10 mg/kg.

Gene expression changes associated with malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders.

Background: A large number of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are believed to be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) that have an increased likelihood of malignant transformation compared to clinically normal mucosa. This study was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between OPMDs that underwent malignant transformation (MT) and those that did not, termed "non-transforming" (NT) cases.

Methods: Total RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies of 20 OPMD cases with known clinical outcomes (10 MT vs.

Experience of transfer from child to adult mental health services of young people with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Transition from child-centred to adult mental health services has been reported as challenging for young people. It can be especially difficult for young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as they manage the challenges of adolescence and navigate leaving child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS).

Aims: This study examines the predictors of transfer to adult mental health services, and using a qualitative analysis, explores the young people's experiences of transition.