Stereoselective two-carbon ring expansion of allylic amines electronic control of palladium-promoted equilibria.

General methodologies enabling the two-carbon homologation of pyrrolidine and piperidine systems have yet to be developed. Herein we report that palladium-catalysed allylic amine rearrangements enable efficient two-carbon ring expansion of 2-alkenyl pyrrolidine and piperidines to their azepane and azocane counterparts. Conditions are mild, tolerant of a range of functional groups and the process can occur with high enantioretention.

Technology acceptance of digital devices for home use: Qualitative results of a mixed methods study.

Objective: Digital devices have demonstrated benefits to patients with chronic and neurodegenerative diseases. But when patients use medical devices in their homes, the technologies have to fit into their lives. We investigated the technology acceptance of seven digital devices for home use.

Berberine isolation from : optical, electrochemical, and computational studies.

Berberine was extracted from (tree turmeric) and purified by column chromatography. The UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy of berberine was studied in acetonitrile and aqueous media. TD-DFT calculations employing the B3LYP functional were found to reproduce the general features of the absorption and emission spectra correctly.

Complement activation and kidney transplantation; a complex relationship.

Although kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end stage kidney disease, the benefits are limited by factors such as the short fall in donor numbers, the burden of immunosuppression and graft failure. Although there have been improvements in one-year outcomes, the annual rate of graft loss beyond the first year has not significantly improved, despite better therapies to control the alloimmune response. There is therefore a need to develop alternative strategies to limit kidney injury at all stages along the transplant pathway and so improve graft survival.

Origin of intersystem crossing in highly distorted organic molecules: a case study with red light-absorbing ,,,-boron-chelated Bodipys.

To explore the relationship between the twisted π-conjugation framework of aromatic chromophores and the efficacy of intersystem crossing (ISC), we have studied a ,,,-boron-chelated Bodipy derivative possessing a severely distorted molecular structure. Surprisingly, this chromophore is highly fluorescent, showing inefficient ISC (singlet oxygen quantum yield, = 12%). These features differ from those of helical aromatic hydrocarbons, where the twisted framework promotes ISC.

Interprofessional simulation as an enhancement of psychological fidelity: A focus group study of medical and nursing students.

Background And Aims: Interprofessional simulation has the potential to enhance the perceived realism of clinical simulation in the education of different healthcare professionals. This study considers how the inclusion of more than one profession in clinical simulation contributes to this psychological fidelity, defined as the subjective perception of the realism of a simulation, and the cues identified by medical and nursing students.

Methods: Eight focus groups were carried out with 27 medical and 18 nursing students in Newcastle and Oxford, UK.

Education as a tool of social equality?

Do political parties approach education with different social policy aims? We argue that while parties have adopted a common language of equality as an aim of education, they draw on different conceptions of it linked to diverging social projects. To make this argument, we first normatively distinguish education as a tool for creating equal opportunity, equal outcomes, and representational diversity. We then draw on an original dataset coding the educational content in the political manifestos of the largest center-left and center-right party across 19 Western democracies from 1950 to present.

The effect of topical olive oil application on the symptoms of infantile colic: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background And Aims: Infantile colic is one of the most common disorders in the first months of infants' lives. This condition hurts parents' moods. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the topical use of olive oil on infantile colic symptoms.

Outcomes of an Advanced Speech and Language Therapist-Led Low-Risk 2-Week Wait Clinic for Suspected Head and Neck Cancer: A UK-Based Pilot Study.

Objectives: To describe outcomes of a pilot Speech and Language Therapist led (SLT-led) 2-week wait (2WW) assessment clinic for head and neck cancer (HNC).

Study Design: A prospective 3-month pilot clinic was conducted. All referrals were triaged by an otolaryngologist.

Atomic-scale observation of solvent reorganization influencing photoinduced structural dynamics in a copper complex photosensitizer.

Photochemical reactions in solution are governed by a complex interplay between transient intramolecular electronic and nuclear structural changes and accompanying solvent rearrangements. State-of-the-art time-resolved X-ray solution scattering has emerged in the last decade as a powerful technique to observe solute and solvent motions in real time. However, disentangling solute and solvent dynamics and how they mutually influence each other remains challenging.

Prevalence and determinants of wasting among under-5 Egyptian children: Application of quantile regression.

Wasting is one of the symptoms of malnutrition that has been connected to the deaths of malnourished children. This study was intended to explain the effect of socio-demographic and economic factors on under-5 wasting by evaluating their conditional effect across the distribution of weight-for-height Z (WHZ) scores using the quantile regression (QR) model. The weighted sample which included 13,680 children under 5 years was taken from the countrywide Egyptian DHS 2014 survey.

Agriculture, COVID-19 and mental health: Does gender matter?

Agriculture is one of the most precarious professions, being vulnerable to weather extremes and animal disease. As crises hit the agricultural sector, a growing awareness and concern for the mental wellbeing of farmers developed. Economic decline, climate change and culling animals all have a profound impact on affected farmers.

MicroRNA profiling of low concentration extracellular vesicle RNA utilizing NanoString nCounter technology.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) and the microRNAs that they contain are increasingly recognised as a rich source of informative biomarkers, reflecting pathological processes and fundamental biological pathways and responses. Their presence in biofluids makes them particularly attractive for biomarker identification. However, a frequent caveat in relation to clinical studies is low abundance of EV RNA content.

A framework for understanding, designing, developing and evaluating learning health systems.

Introduction: A Learning Health System is not a technical project. It is the evolution of an existing health system into one capable of learning from every patient. This paper outlines a recently published framework intended to aid the understanding, design, development and evaluation of Learning Health Systems.

Bayesian modelling strategies for borrowing of information in randomised basket trials.

Basket trials are an innovative precision medicine clinical trial design evaluating a single targeted therapy across multiple diseases that share a common characteristic. To date, most basket trials have been conducted in early-phase oncology settings, for which several Bayesian methods permitting information sharing across subtrials have been proposed. With the increasing interest of implementing randomised basket trials, information borrowing could be exploited in two ways; considering the commensurability of either the treatment effects or the outcomes specific to each of the treatment groups between the subtrials.

Sub-hourly resolution quality control of rain-gauge data significantly improves regional sub-daily return level estimates.

This research demonstrates how the use of high-resolution rain-gauge data for quality control (QC) significantly changes extreme rainfall estimates, with implications in scientific, meteorological and engineering applications. Current open QC algorithms only consider data at hourly or daily accumulations. Here we present the first open QC algorithm utilising sub-hourly rain-gauge data from official networks at a national, multi-decade scale.

Advanced approaches of developing targeted covalent drugs.

In recent years, the development of targeted covalent inhibitors has gained popularity around the world. Specific groups (electrophilic warheads) form irreversible bonds with the side chain of nucleophilic amino acid residues, thus changing the function of biological targets such as proteins. Since the first targeted covalent inhibitor was disclosed in the 1990s, great efforts have been made to develop covalent ligands from known reversible leads or drugs by addition of tolerated electrophilic warheads.

English care home staff morale and preparedness during the COVID pandemic: A longitudinal analysis.

Background: Staff actions to prevent infection introduction and transmission in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were key to reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Implementing infection control measures (ICMs) requires training, adherence and complex decision making while trying to deliver high quality care. We surveyed LTCF staff in England about their preparedness and morale at 3 timepoints during the COVID-19 epidemic.

The influence of degree of labelling upon cellular internalisation of antibody-cell penetrating peptide conjugates.

Antibody-based agents are increasingly used as therapeutics and imaging agents, yet are generally restricted to cell surface targets due to inefficient cellular internalisation and endosomal entrapment. Enhanced cell membrane translocation of antibodies can be achieved by the covalent attachment of cell-penetrating peptides, including the HIV-1-derived transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide. This study evaluated the cellular internalisation properties of five anti-HER2 Herceptin-TAT conjugates with degrees of TAT labelling (DOL) ranging from one to five.

and study of GSK2830371 and RG7388 combination in liver adenocarcinoma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an adenocarcinoma arising from the intrahepatic bile duct and accounts for the second highest incidence of primary liver cancers after hepatocellular carcinoma. The lack of effective treatment leads to a poor prognosis for advanced iCCA, so new targeted therapy is needed. The impairment of wild-type (WT) p53 tumor suppressor function by its negative regulators frequently occurs in iCCA.

Using temporal genomics to understand contemporary climate change responses in wildlife.

Monitoring the evolutionary responses of species to ongoing global climate change is critical for informing conservation. Population genomic studies that use samples from multiple time points ("temporal genomics") are uniquely able to make direct observations of change over time. Consequently, only temporal studies can show genetic erosion or spatiotemporal changes in population structure.

Changes and differences in school food standards (2010-2021) and free school meal provision during COVID-19 across the UK: Potential implications for children's diets.

This paper explores changes to school food standards from 2010, free school meal provision during the COVID-19 pandemic across the UK and potential implications for children's diets. To obtain information on UK school food policies and free school meal provision methods we reviewed several sources including news articles, policy documents and journal articles. School food is an important part of the UK's health agenda and commitment to improving children's diets.