Healthcare performance of leprosy management in peripheral health facilities of Dhanusa and Mahottari, Nepal.

Background: The global elimination of leprosy transmission by 2030 is a World Health Organization (WHO) target. Nepal's leprosy elimination program depends on early case diagnosis and the performance of health workers and facilities. The knowledge and skills of paramedical staff (Leprosy Focal Person, LFP) and case documentation and management by health facilities are therefore key to the performance of health care services.

The Danish Drowning Cohort: Utstein-style data from fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents in Denmark.

Background: Effective interventions to reduce drowning incidents require accurate and reliable data for scientific analysis. However, the lack of high-quality evidence and the variability in drowning terminology, definitions, and outcomes present significant challenges in assessing studies to inform drowning guidelines. Many drowning reports use inappropriate classifications for drowning incidents, which significantly contributes to the underreporting of drowning.

Tissue oxygenation in response to low-load and high-load back squats with continuous blood flow restriction in athletes.

To determine muscle oxygenation with continuous blood flow restriction (BFR) training in high load (HL), 80% one-repetition maximum (1RM) and low load (LL), 30% 1RM squat exercises. In week-2 of a 4-week resistance training programme as part of their 3-set training routine, two groups of athletes ( = 4 each), one performing HL training with low cuff pressure (20% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP)), the other LL training with high cuff pressure (60% AOP) had muscle oxygenation assessed with near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS), arterial oxygen saturation (SPO), heart rate (HR), barbell velocity and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during barbell back squats (BBS). Changes in the vastus lateralis oximetry were compared to pre- and post-training squat (1RM).

Protective factors for psychological wellbeing: A cross-sectional study of young people attending an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare service.

Objective: This study aimed to measure associations between protective factors associated with positive psychological outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth living in an urban area.

Methods: Our primary outcome was the absence of psychological distress, reflecting a positive-outcome approach to analyse health assessment data, using modified Poisson regression, from a cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth aged 15 to 24 years attending an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health service (2016-2021).

Results: Health assessments from 710 participants were analysed, with 72.

Intestine versus liver? Uncovering the hidden major metabolic organs of silybin in rats.

Silybin, a milk thistle extract, is a flavonolignan compound with hepatoprotective effect. It is commonly used in dietary supplements, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. However, the metabolism of silybin has not been systematically characterized in organisms to date.

Systematic literature review on Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) nomenclature: condition elements and clinical states- A Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) consensus project.

Objectives: The Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) has developed a calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) nomenclature project. This systematic literature review constituted its first step and aimed to provide a state-of-the-art analysis of the medical literature of the last 20 years.

Methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken in the , and databases between 2000 and 2022, restricted to studies on humans and in the English language.

Recent advances and avenues for the pest management of invasive social wasps and hornets.

Invasive social wasps and hornets pose significant threats to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and animal and human health. This review evaluates recent advances in invasive wasp and hornet management using criteria developed for assessing the feasibility of eradication and control programmes. I emphasise the importance and methods of early detection, citizen science, public involvement, and the role of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, drones, and radio telemetry for nest detection.

The Influence of Relative Age and Biological Maturity on Youth Weightlifting Performance.

Purpose: Relative age effects and biological maturation are common biases within youth talent identification and development programs; however, their respective influence on youth weightlifting is unknown.

Method: Skeletal age, determined from ultrasonography, and competitive total loads (kg) were collected in 49 national age group weightlifters (boys: n = 24, age = 13.8 [2.

International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024 Diabetes Technologies: Glucose Monitoring.

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This chapter builds on the 2022 ISPAD guidelines, and summarizes recent advances in the technology behind glucose monitoring, and its role in glucose-responsive integrated technology that is feasible with the use of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in children and adolescents.

Design of an injectable magnetic hydrogel with porous structure and electrocatalytic activity for the sensitive electrochemical detection of nitrite in foods.

Herein, we synthesized a novel injectable porous magnetic hydrogel (MHG) at room temperature using carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), polydopamine (PDA), sodium alginate (SA), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and copper ferrite (CuFeO) as building blocks. The CMCS and SA as monomers provided good film-forming and anti-fouling properties for MHG. The PDA-coated CuFeO as a cross-linking agent improved the homogeneity, adsorption and electrocatalytic performance of MHG, but also generated a macroporous hydrogel structure which was beneficial for sensing applications.

MicroNIR spectroscopy with chemometric analysis provides rapid protein content evaluation and prediction of semi-refined flaxseed protein extract produced via pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with chemometrics was used to evaluate semi-refined flaxseed protein extract (SRFPE) and predict its protein content. The effect of extraction medium (water vs. alkaline) employed after pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on protein yield was also studied.

Airborne personal protective equipment availability and preparedness in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units: A point prevalence survey.

Background: Personal protective equipment is essential to protect healthcare workers when exposed to aerosol-generating procedures in patients with airborne respiratory pathogens.

Aim: This study aimed to provide information regarding the level of airborne protection offered to nursing staff and other healthcare workers in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units (ICUs) 1 year into the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, ICUs in Australia and New Zealand were asked to participate in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group Point Prevalence Program in June 2021.

Reliability, validity and practicability of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool (CPAx) following an e-learning programme: A clinimetric study.

Objectives: To investigate inter- and intra-rater reliability, content and concurrent validity, and practicability of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool (CPAx) - a measurement instrument for physical function and activity for patients with a critical illness - from multidisciplinary, German-speaking healthcare professionals.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, clinimetric study. Participants who completed a novel German CPAx e-learning were invited to participate in a voluntary, web-based, piloted, two-round survey.

Children with a tracheostomy: Global speech-language therapists' practice.

Purpose: Speech-language Therapists (SLTs) are specialists in communication, feeding and swallowing as core members of the paediatric tracheostomy multidisciplinary team (MDT). Inconsistent tracheostomy care leads to staff and family frustration and delayed intervention. Little is known about international SLT tracheostomy practices.

Exploring the Ascorbate Requirement of the 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases.

In humans, the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) catalyze hydroxylation reactions involved in cell metabolism, the biosynthesis of small molecules, DNA and RNA demethylation, the hypoxic response and the formation of collagen. The reaction is catalyzed by a highly oxidizing ferryl-oxo species produced when the active site non-heme iron engages molecular oxygen. Enzyme activity is specifically stimulated by l-ascorbic acid (ascorbate, vitamin C), an effect not well mimicked by other reducing agents.

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization 2024 Guideline for Early Rehabilitation or Mobilization of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

This Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guideline describes early rehabilitation or mobilization of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The guideline describes useful and safe practices put together by an international interprofessional team with extensive experience in the field of ECMO and ECMO rehabilitation or mobilization. The guideline is not intended to define the delivery of care or substitute sound clinical judgment.

Experience of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for those with mild traumatic brain injury (ACTion mTBI): A qualitative descriptive study.

Psychological interventions may make a valuable contribution to recovery following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and have been advocated for in treatment consensus guidelines. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a more recently developed therapeutic option that may offer an effective approach. Consequently, we developed ACTion mTBI, a 5-session ACT-informed intervention protocol.

Feasibility of rabbit auricular VX2 tumor model as an experimental model for intra-arterial embolization.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of VX2 tumor in rabbit auricles as an experimental model for intra-arterial embolization. This study was approved by our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. VX2 tumors were implanted in both auricles of 12 New Zealand White Rabbits.

Effects of asymmetric nasal high-flow cannula on carbon dioxide in hypercapnic patients: A randomised crossover physiological pilot study.

Nasal high flow (NHF) therapy is an established form of non invasive respiratory support used in acute and chronic care. Recently, a new high flow nasal cannula with asymmetric prongs was approved for clinical use. The clinical benefits of the new cannula have not yet been defined and no evidence are available on the use of asymmetric NHF support in patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Key informants' views on the benefits, planning and implementation of workplace oral health promotion programme.

This study aimed to explore key informants' views on the potential benefits of workplace oral health promotion (WOHP) among the aged care workforce and identified factors associated with the planning and implementation of such activities. The study interviewed members of key organizations associated with the aged care workforce, including oral health and health professionals, government and non-governmental organizations, aged care providers, unions and other worker support organizations in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Language barriers in mental healthcare: A critical analysis.

In multicultural healthcare settings, language barriers pose significant challenges, particularly in mental health where nuanced communication is vital. This manuscript examines the impact of limited English proficiency (LEP) on mental healthcare in New Zealand, where a substantial portion of the population and healthcare workforce are foreign-born. Despite official recommendations, professional interpreter use remains low, compromising care quality for LEP patients.

Ventral Rectopexy: An International Expert Panel Consensus and Review of Contemporary Literature.

Background: Ventral rectopexy has become increasingly utilized in the surgical management of rectal prolapse. There is a need for a contemporary evaluation of the role of the procedure and description of its use in clinical practice.

Objective: To create an international consensus on ventral rectopexy.

Ultra-Early Hematoma Expansion Is Associated With Ongoing Hematoma Growth and Poor Functional Outcome.

There is limited data on ultra-early hematoma growth dynamics and its clinical relevance in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to estimate the incidence of hematoma expansion (HE) within the hyperacute period of ICH, describe hematoma dynamics over time, investigate the associations between ultra-early HE and clinical outcomes after ICH, and assess the effect of tranexamic acid on ultra-early HE. We performed a planned secondary analysis of the STOP-MSU international multicenter randomized controlled trial.