Increasing Use of Antenatal Magnesium Sulphate Prior to Preterm Birth for Preventing Cerebral Palsy in Australia and New Zealand, 2012-2020: A Binational Registry Study.

We assessed the use of magnesium sulphate prior to preterm birth for preventing cerebral palsy in an Australian and New Zealand registry study. Use increased markedly from 32.3% (2012) to 78.

Knowledge and occupational practices of beauticians and barbers in the transmission of viral hepatitis: A mixed-methods study in Volta Region of Ghana.

Background: Hepatitis B and C viral (HBV and HCV) infections are endemic in Ghana. Also, the National Policy on Viral Hepatitis stipulates that there is unreliable data, limited knowledge, and a deficiency in research on viral hepatitis, especially among some high-risk workers in the eastern part of the country. This study therefore assessed the knowledge level and occupational practices of street beauticians and barbers in the transmission of HBV and HCV in the Volta Region of Ghana.

Polar mesospheric ozone loss initiates downward coupling of solar signal in the Northern Hemisphere.

Solar driven energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is an important factor in polar atmospheric ozone balance and has been linked to ground-level regional climate variability. However, the linking mechanism has remained ambiguous. The observed and simulated ground-level changes start well before the processes from the main candidate, the so-called EPP-indirect effect, would start.

Testing mixed metal bimetallic, and monometallic, cryptates for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Appropriately designed catalysts help to minimise the energy required to convert the energy-poor feedstock HO into energy-rich molecular H. Herein, two families of pyridazine-based cryptates, mononuclear [MLi](BF) and mixed metal dinuclear [MCuLi](BF) (M = Fe, Co, Cu or Zn; Li is the Schiff base cryptand made by 2 : 3 condensation of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and 3,6-diformylpyridazine), are investigated as potential electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in MeCN with acetic acid as the proton source. The synthesis and structures of a new mixed metal cryptate, [ZnCuLi](BF), and the tetrafluoroborate analogue of the previously reported perchlorate salt of the mono-zinc cryptate, [ZnLi](BF)·0.

Liposomal Irinotecan: A Review as First-Line Therapy in Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Liposomal irinotecan (Onivyde), also known as liposomal pegylated irinotecan, has been developed with the intent of maximising anti-tumour efficacy and minimising drug-related toxicities compared with conventional formulations of this topoisomerase 1 inhibitor. In combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (NALIRIFOX), liposomal irinotecan is approved in the USA and the EU for first-line therapy of eligible patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In a phase III clinical trial, NALIRIFOX significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) compared with gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC).

Light-dependent variations in fatty acid profiles and gene expression in Antarctic microalgal cultures.

Photosynthetic eukaryotic microalgae are key primary producers in the Antarctic sea ice environment. Anticipated changes in sea ice thickness and snow load due to climate change may cause substantial shifts in available light to these ice-associated organisms. This study used a laboratory-based experiment to investigate how light levels, simulating different sea ice and snow thicknesses, affect fatty acid (FA) composition in two ice associated microalgae species, the pennate diatom Nitzschia cf.

Recommendations for mitochondria transfer and transplantation nomenclature and characterization.

Intercellular mitochondria transfer is an evolutionarily conserved process in which one cell delivers some of their mitochondria to another cell in the absence of cell division. This process has diverse functions depending on the cell types involved and physiological or disease context. Although mitochondria transfer was first shown to provide metabolic support to acceptor cells, recent studies have revealed diverse functions of mitochondria transfer, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of mitochondria quality of the donor cell and the regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodelling.

Posterior Limbal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Proliferation and Stemness of Transition Zone Cells: A Novel Insight Into Corneal Endothelial Rejuvenation.

Purpose: Progenitors for the corneal endothelium have been identified in the transition zone (TZ), but their cellular interactions remain undefined. Posterior limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (P-LMSCs) may support TZ cells in the posterior limbus. This study aims to characterize P-LMSCs and investigate their effects on TZ cells.

The reversible capillary field effect transistor: a capillaric element for autonomous flow switching.

New flow control elements in capillaric circuits are key to achieving ever more complex lab-on-a-chip functionality while maintaining their autonomous and easy-to-use nature. Capillary field effect transistors valves allow for flow in channels to be restricted and cut off utilising a high pressure triggering channel and occluding air bubble. The reversible capillary field effect transistor presented here provides a new element that can restore fluid flow in closed microchannels autonomous circuit feedback.

Burnout in New Zealand resident doctors: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors.

Objective: Burnout syndrome, characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and decreased personal accomplishment, is well documented in the medical workforce. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of burnout in New Zealand resident doctors (doctors who have yet to complete their specialty training).

Design: Cross-sectional survey study of resident doctors in New Zealand.

Research investigating patient and carer psychoeducation needs regarding post-stroke cognition: a scoping review.

Objectives: To search the literature systematically in order to map and identify gaps in research investigating patient and family member psychoeducation needs regarding post-stroke cognition.

Design: Scoping review conducted in line with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) recommendations and PRISMA-ScR checklist.

Methods: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus were searched on 25 August 2023 for peer-reviewed studies conducted in a high-income country, describing cognition-related psychoeducation needs in stroke survivors and/or family members aged ≥18 years (≥50% of the study population).

Improving the adoption of a school-based nutrition program: findings from a collaborative network of randomised trials.

Background: Public health nutrition interventions, including school-based programs, are a recommended approach to improve child dietary behaviours. However, the adoption of effective school-based nutrition programs face numerous challenges, including the limited evidence on effective strategies to maximise implementation and adoption of such programs. This study aimed to address this evidence gap by employing a novel collaborative network trial design to evaluate a series of implementation strategies employed by three NSW Local Health Districts, to improve school adoption of an effective school-based nutrition program ('SWAP IT').

Determinants of medication adherence in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Approximately half of the patients who have had a prior hospital admission for CHD will have a recurrent coronary event, with the majority of these occurring within 12 months. Despite well-established evidence-based therapies, medication non-adherence is highly prevalent and reasons for medication non-adherence are poorly understood.

Relationship between left ventricular shape and cardiovascular risk factors: comparison between the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and UK Biobank.

Background: Statistical shape atlases have been used in large-cohort studies to investigate relationships between heart shape and risk factors. The generalisability of these relationships between cohorts is unknown. The aims of this study were to compare left ventricular (LV) shapes in patients with differing cardiovascular risk factor profiles from two cohorts and to investigate whether LV shape scores generated with respect to a reference cohort can be directly used to study shape differences in another cohort.

Prescription opioid dispensing rates in the 12-months post-discharge after acute spinal cord injury: An observational study.

Objectives: To determine rates of opioid and concomitant antidepressant, anticonvulsant and benzodiazepine dispensing in the post-discharge period, after acute spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Single-center prospective cohort study with 12-month linked pharmaceutical data.

Setting: Community pharmaceutical dispensing.

Gamified Web-Delivered Attentional Bias Modification Training for Adults With Chronic Pain: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Attentional bias to pain-related information has been implicated in pain chronicity. To date, research investigating attentional bias modification training (ABMT) procedures in people with chronic pain has found variable success, perhaps because training paradigms are typically repetitive and monotonous, which could negatively affect engagement and adherence. Increasing engagement through the gamification (ie, the use of game elements) of ABMT may provide the opportunity to overcome some of these barriers.

Prolactin-mediates a lactation-induced suppression of arcuate kisspeptin neuronal activity necessary for lactational infertility in mice.

The specific role that prolactin plays in lactational infertility, as distinct from other suckling or metabolic cues, remains unresolved. Here, deletion of the prolactin receptor (Prlr) from forebrain neurons or arcuate kisspeptin neurons resulted in failure to maintain normal lactation-induced suppression of estrous cycles. Kisspeptin immunoreactivity and pulsatile LH secretion were increased in these mice, even in the presence of ongoing suckling stimulation and lactation.

Kinetics During the Tuck Jump Assessment and Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 12 Months After ACLR Surgery.

Background: Residual interlimb deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can lead to functional maladaptation and increase the risk of reinjury. The tuck jump assessment (TJA) may offer a more effective evaluation of ACLR status as compared with traditional tasks owing to increased risk of altered landing mechanics, asymmetrical landing, and increased knee valgus attributed to the cyclical nature of the task. However, it remains unclear whether altered TJA kinetics resolve over time or persist through return-to-play phases of rehabilitation.

Impact of the Acceptor Group on the Properties of Triphenylamine-Donor-Acceptor Dyes: An Experimental and Computational Study.

Three triphenylamine-Indane donor-acceptor dyes with different functional groups on the acceptor were studied to investigate how substitution would affect the optical properties. The dyes studied were IndCN, containing two malononitrile groups; InO, with two ketone groups; and InOCN, which features mixed functional groups. A combination of Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed for characterization.

Transition State Analogs of Human DNPH1 Reveal Two Electrophile Migration Mechanisms.

DNPH1 is responsible for eliminating the epigenetically modified nucleotide, 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (hmdUMP), preventing formation of hmdUTP, a mutation-inducing nucleotide. Loss of DNPH1 activity sensitizes PARP inhibition-resistant BRCA-deficient cancers by causing incorporation of hmdUTP into DNA. Hydrolysis of hmdUMP by DNPH1 proceeds through a covalent intermediate between Glu104 and 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate, followed by hydrolysis, a reaction cycle with two transition states.

Resonance-Induced Therapeutic Technique for Skin Cancer Cells.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the viability of a hypothesis for selective targeting of skin cancer cells by exploiting the spectral gap with healthy cells using analytical and numerical simulation.

Methods: The spectral gap was first identified using a viscoelastic dynamic model, with the physical and mechanical properties of healthy and cancerous skin cells deduced from previous experimental studies conducted on cell lines. The outcome of the analytical simulation was verified numerically using modal and harmonic analysis.

Efficacy and safety of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L.) for glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ESOLED): A pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: Maintaining optimum glycaemic control is essential to reducing comorbidity and mortality in diabetes. However, research indicates that <50 % of patients achieve their target HbA1c ranges. Laboratory studies suggest that olive leaf extract (OLE) may improve glycaemic control, however clinical studies in persons with diabetes are lacking.

Mangrove-based carbon market projects: What stakeholders need to address during pre-feasibility assessment.

Mangrove-based carbon market projects (MbCMP) aim to conserve, protect and restore mangrove habitats in order to generate high quality blue carbon credits via a crediting program, as a contribution to climate change mitigation/adaptation, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services provision and local socio-economic development. The blue carbon credits generated are transferable, verifiable and sold through carbon markets to earn additional income for governments and local communities. The main aim of the paper is to provide important considerations for pre-field planning, that is, how challenges associated with fieldwork, project implementation, and monitoring reporting and verification (MRV) can be addressed with proper pre-field planning.

Determination of the carrier temperature in weakly confined semiconductor nanocrystals using time-resolved optical spectroscopy.

Many applications of nanocrystals rely on their use in light detection and emission. In recent years, nanocrystals with more relaxed carrier confinement, including so-called 'bulk' and 2D implementations, have made their stake. In such systems, the charge carriers generated after (photo-)excitation are spread over a semi-continuous density of states, behaviour controlled by the carrier temperature .