Reduced expression of the serotonin transporter impacts mitochondria in a sexually dimorphic manner.

Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are complex conditions that arise from a variety of interacting genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, altered serotonergic signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction are strongly implicated, with a growing body of evidence to suggesting that serotonergic signalling is an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The serotonin transporter (SERT) functions to regulate synaptic 5-HT, and human allelic variants of the serotonin reuptake transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) are associated with reduced SERT expression and increased susceptibility for developing neuropsychiatric disorders.

Propensity Score Analysis of Possible Medication Effects on Outcomes in Patients With Systemic Right Ventricles.

Background: Patients with systemic right ventricle (SRV), either d-transposition of the great arteries following an atrial switch procedure or congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, develop severe right ventricular dysfunction, prompting appropriate medical therapy. However, the efficacy of beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in SRV patients is unproven.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ACEI/ARB and beta-blockers on outcomes in SRV patients after accounting for likely cofounders affecting their use.

Lipid imbalance and inflammatory oxylipin cascade at the maternal-fetal interface in recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Background: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is intricately linked to metabolic dysregulation at the maternal-fetal interface during early gestation. Abnormal levels of essential fatty acids and downstream oxylipins in decidua and chorionic villi have been identified as potential risk factors for RSA. Oxylipins have been linked to excessive inflammation, which might disrupt maternal-fetal immune tolerance, potentially contributing to RSA.

Prevalence, distribution, and antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates in daycare centers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

This study investigates bacterial pathogen prevalence in daycare centers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, highlighting significant contamination and high antibiotic resistance rates, particularly among . Findings underscore the need for enhanced infection control measures, sanitation practices, and public health interventions to protect children's health in resource-limited settings.

'Setting the Benchmark' Part 3: Contextualising the Match Demands of Specialised Positions at the FIFA Women's World Cup Australia and New Zealand 2023.

This study aimed to benchmark the match demands of specialised positions at the FIFA Women's World Cup Australia and New Zealand 2023. With FIFA's official approval, all sixty-four games at the tournament were analysed using an optical tracking system alongside FIFA's Enhanced Football Intelligence metrics. During a typical match, defensive and central midfielders covered 5-15% more total distance than centre backs, wide defenders and centre forwards (P < 0.

Technical-tactical evolution of women's football: a comparative analysis of ball possessions in the FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019 and Australia & New Zealand 2023.

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare, both individually and multivariately, the technical-tactical similarities and differences associated with the offensive phase between the FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019 and the FIFA Women's World Cup Australia & New Zealand 2023. Following an observational follow-up design, 4,669 ball possessions were analysed in both tournaments (FWWC19: n = 2,323; FWWC23: n = 2,346). Differences between the two editions were examined using the chi-square statistic (p < .

Both Sides, Now: A Personal Stroke Recovery Journey.

This is a personal narrative of my stroke and recovery experience, and the medical, psychological, and social circumstances surrounding it.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty amongst older hospital inpatients in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: As populations age, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are rapidly adapting hospital services to meet the needs of older populations. This systematic review aimed to establish the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty amongst older people admitted to hospital in LMICs, and to compare levels with existing estimates for high-income settings.

Methods: Databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsychInfo were searched, and results were manually screened by two researchers.

Mucositis Pain and Its Temporal Relationship to White Cell Count.

Background: Children who have received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment resulting in neutropenia can suffer painful mucositis. We explored the relationship between pain score and white cell count in children with mucositis due to immunosuppression and assessed the influence of opioid and ketamine analgesia.

Methods: Children with mucositis nursed in the pediatric oncology and hematology ward were invited to partake in this observational study following referral to the pediatric pain service for intravenous analgesia.

The effect of type of anaesthetic on delirium after surgery for acute hip fracture: An instrumental variable analysis to assess causation.

Delirium is the most common in-hospital complication affecting older adults with acute hip fractures. Current evidence demonstrates inconsistent associations between anaesthetic type for acute hip fracture surgery and postoperative delirium. Using the Australian and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 50 years and over who underwent acute hip fracture surgery between 2015 and 2020.

Association of antidepressants with cataracts and glaucoma: a disproportionality analysis using the reports to the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) pharmacovigilance database.

Background: Antidepressants are commonly prescribed for mood disorders. Epidemiological studies suggest antidepressant use may be associated with cataracts and glaucoma. We aim to investigate the association between antidepressants and cataracts and glaucoma.

"I think her life got so much better": parents' perceptions of children's quality of life following treatment of tracheomalacia with aortopexy.

Background: Aortopexy is a procedure to reduce pressure on the trachea in children with severe tracheomalacia. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has not been studied in children who have undergone aortopexy; we aimed to explore parents' perceptions of their child's HRQoL before and after aortopexy.

Methods: Parents of children < 18 years who underwent aortopexy at a quaternary specialist centre were purposively sampled and invited to participate in a semi-structured interview.

Hierarchy in surgeon-anaesthetist relationships.

Operating theatres are steeply hierarchical, and yet the hierarchy between surgeons and anaesthetists is unclear, even blurry. Both the steep hierarchy and the blurriness at the top can present a risk to patient safety through inhibiting speaking up with concerns and negotiating safe patient care. A recent study in the British Journal of Anaesthesia explores hierarchy in the surgeon-anaesthesia dyad in China, in particular, the effect of increased seniority gap between surgeons and anaesthetists on anaesthesia-related adverse outcomes.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus exposure among febrile patients in northern Tanzania.

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne zoonotic disease that may be severe and is present in many African countries. We aimed to understand the seroprevalence and risk for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Tanzania by testing archived serum samples from patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled febrile inpatients and outpatients from 2012 through 2014 at two referral hospitals in northern Tanzania.

Modelling vitamin D fortification scenarios for the Australian population.

Background: Low vitamin D status (circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L) is prevalent in Australia, and 95% of Australians have been estimated to have low vitamin D intake (mean range 1.8-3.2 μg/day).

A 10-Year Comparative Analysis of the Two Most Common Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Implants (Delta Xtend and SMR) in the New Zealand Joint Registry.

Hypothesis And Background: As the incidence of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) continues to rise, better understanding of the long-term risks and complications is necessary to determine the best choice of implant. The majority (75%) of RTSA performed in New Zealand use either SMR (Systema Multiplana Randelli, Lima-LTO, Italy) or Delta Xtend (DePuy Synthes, USA). The aim of this registry-based study was to compare implant survival, risk of revision and reasons for revision between the two most frequently used RTSA prostheses: SMR and Delta Xtend.

Vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor versus elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor in individuals with cystic fibrosis aged 12 years and older (SKYLINE Trials VX20-121-102 and VX20-121-103): results from two randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 trials.

Background: The goal of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators is to reach normal CFTR function in people with cystic fibrosis. Vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor restored CFTR function in vitro and in phase 2 trials in participants aged 18 years and older resulting in improvements in CFTR function, as measured by sweat chloride concentrations and lung function as measured by spirometry. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor compared with standard of care elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor in individuals with cystic fibrosis aged 12 years and older.

Optimization of the density-elasticity relationship for rabbit hindlimb bones.

The rabbit is a popular experimental model in orthopaedic biomechanics due to the presence of natural Haversian remodeling, allowing for better translational relevance to the mechanobiology of human bone over traditional rodent models. Although rabbits are often used with computational modeling approaches such as the finite element (FE) method, a validated and widely agreed upon density-elasticity relationship, which is required to make subject-specific predictions, does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and validate an accurate density-elasticity relationship for rabbit hindlimb bones using mathematical optimization.

Leaf Dry Matter Content Is Phylogenetically Conserved and Related to Environmental Conditions, Especially Wildfire Activity.

Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) is an important determinant of plant flammability. Investigating global patterns of LDMC could provide insights into worldwide plant flammability patterns, informing wildfire management. We characterised global patterns of LDMC across 4074 species from 216 families, revealing that phylogenetic and environmental constraints influence LDMC.

Factors influencing communication issues during hospital discharge for older adults in 11 high-income countries: a secondary analysis of the 2021 International Health Policy Survey.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hospital discharge communication problems with older adults, compare them across countries and determine factors associated with those problems.

Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data.

Setting: 2021 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy (IHP) Survey of Older Adults conducted across 11 high-income countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA.

Amniotic Fluid as a Potential Treatment for Vocal Fold Scar in a Rabbit Model.

Objectives/hypothesis: Vocal fold (VF) injury and chronic inflammation can progress to scarring, which is notoriously difficult to treat. Human amniotic fluid (AF) has potential for VF wound healing in a rabbit model, and we hypothesized that AF would demonstrate wound healing properties superior to hyaluronic acid (HA) over time.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled trial.

Characterizing the sleep location, patterns, and maternally perceived sleep problems of the infants of Māori and non-Māori mothers in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Objectives: To investigate potential sleep inequities between the infants of Māori and non-Māori mothers in Aotearoa New Zealand, identify socio-ecological factors associated with infant sleep, and determine features of infant sleep that contribute to a mother-perceived infant sleep problem.

Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Moe Kura: Mother and Child, Sleep and Well-being in Aotearoa New Zealand study when infants were approximately 12 weeks old.

Participants: 383 Māori and 702 non-Māori mother-infant dyads.