Orally dissolving pilocarpine tablets for xerostomia in advanced cancer: A pilot N-of-1 feasibility study.

Background: Xerostomia is a common and difficult symptom experienced by patients with cancer. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agent that stimulates salivation.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of conducting a N-of-1 trial to determine the efficacy of pilocarpine orally dissolving tablets in patients with xerostomia.

Case report: A novel third-generation anti-CD19/CD22 CAR T-cells combined with auto-HSCT for relapsed Burkitt lymphoma.

This study explores a novel therapeutic strategy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) Burkitt lymphoma (BL) by integrating autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) with tandem anti-CD19/CD22 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. A 20-year-old Asian male with refractory BL, whose lymphoma had not responded to multiple chemoimmunotherapy regimens, received myeloablative ASCT followed three days later by infusion of a novel third-generation CAR T cells engineered with CD28 and CD3ζ signaling domains, along with a TLR2 costimulatory domain. This resulted in sustained complete remission at the 306-day follow-up, without experiencing any severe complications.

Korean adolescents' experiences studying abroad and subsequent readjustment to life after returning.

Introduction: This qualitative study explored the socio-cultural adjustment and re-adjustment experiences of South Korean adolescents who studied in English-speaking countries and later returned to South Korea.

Methods: The study interviewed 12 adolescents (6 males, 6 females) aged 12-16 who studied in countries such as the U.S.

Unique bibenzyl cannabinoids in the liverwort Radula marginata: parallels with Cannabis chemistry.

The potential of cannabinoids to address public health challenges has stimulated exploration into alternative sources and production technologies. Radula marginata, an endemic Aotearoa/New Zealand liverwort, produces the bibenzyl cannabinoid perrottetinene (PET), analogous to Cannabis psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Structural differences between PET and THC could alter therapeutic interactions and mitigate adverse side effects.

Improved konjac glucomannan/curdlan-based emulsion coating by mung bean protein addition for cherry tomato preservation.

Biopolymer-based emulsion systems have been used for food preservation. In this study, mung bean protein (MBP) was added to konjac glucomannan (KGM)/curdlan-based camellia oil emulsion (KC-CO) to develop KCM-CO emulsion system. KCM-CO emulsions showed good compatibility and stability during storage.

Widespread occurrence of benzimidazole resistance single nucleotide polymorphisms in the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, in Australia.

Canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), a gastrointestinal nematode of domestic dogs, principally infects the small intestine of dogs and has the potential to cause zoonotic disease. In greyhounds and pet dogs in the USA, A. caninum has been shown to be resistant to multiple anthelmintics.

Low-pass nanopore sequencing for measurement of global methylation levels in plants.

Nanopore sequencing enables detection of DNA methylation at the same time as identification of canonical sequence. A recent study validated low-pass nanopore sequencing to accurately estimate global methylation levels in vertebrates with sequencing coverage as low as 0.01x.

Marstacimab: First Approval.

Marstacimab (marstacimab-hncq; HYMPAVZI™) is a subcutaneously administered human monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 antibody against tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) that is being developed by Pfizer for the treatment of hemophilia A and B. Marstacimab received its first approval on 11 October 2024 in the USA. It was approved for use as routine prophylaxis to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with hemophilia A without factor VIII inhibitors or hemophilia B without factor IX inhibitors.

Arimoclomol: First Approval.

Arimoclomol (MIPLYFFA™), an oral small molecule that crosses the blood brain barrier and is thought to upregulate CLEAR (Coordinated Lysosomal Expression and Regulation) network genes and improve lysosomal function, is being developed by Zevra Therapeutics Inc., for the treatment of neurological manifestations of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). In September 2024, arimoclomol was approved for use in combination with miglustat for the treatment of neurological manifestations of NPC in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older in the USA.

Xanomeline/Trospium Chloride: First Approval.

Xanomeline/trospium chloride (COBENFY™), formerly KarXT, is a first-in-class, oral, fixed-dose muscarinic agonist/antagonist combination being developed for use in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease psychosis. Xanomeline is thought to confer efficacy by acting as an agonist at M and M muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, and trospium chloride reduces the peripheral cholinergic adverse events associated with xanomeline. Xanomeline/trospium chloride received its first approval on 26 September 2024 in the USA for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults.

Are there any sociodemographic factors associated with non-uptake of HPV vaccination of girls in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes? A systematic review.

Background: Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is generally high in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes; however, lower uptake in certain population subgroups could continue pre-immunisation inequalities in cervical cancer.

Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for quantitative articles published between 1 September 2006 and 20 February 2023, which were representative of the general population, with individual-level data on routine school-based vaccination (with >50% coverage) and sociodemographic measures. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were screened for eligibility criteria and assessed for bias.

Ferroelectric Domain Wall Warp Memristor.

Domain walls are quasi-one-dimensional topological defects in ferroic materials, which can harbor emergent functionalities. In the case of ferroelectric domain wall (FEDW) devices, an exciting frontier has emerged: memristor-based information storage and processing approaches. Memristor solid-state FEDW devices presented thus far, however predominantly utilize a complex network of domain walls to achieve the desired regulation of density and charge state.

Changing mindsets about methotrexate in the rheumatology clinic to reduce side effects and improve adherence: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients' negative expectations about medication can exacerbate side effect burden leading to low adherence and persistence. A novel intervention involves targeting mindsets about non-severe symptoms; reframing them as encouraging signs of medication working.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess whether a brief symptom-mindset intervention can improve symptom experience and adherence in patients starting methotrexate to treat an inflammatory rheumatic disease.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: a half-century historical perspective.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has evolved significantly over fifty years into a powerful analytical technique. This review aims to achieve five main goals. (1) Providing a comprehensive history of SERS's discovery, its experimental and theoretical foundations, its connections to advances in nanoscience and plasmonics, and highlighting collective contributions of key pioneers.

Characterizing the Effect of Repetitive Head Impact Exposure and mTBI on Adolescent Collision Sports Players' Brain with Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Athletes in collision sports frequently sustain repetitive head impacts (RHI), which, while not individually severe enough for a clinical mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) diagnosis, can compromise neuronal organization by transferring mechanical energy to the brain. Although numerous studies target athletes with mTBI, there is a lack of longitudinal research on young collision sport participants, highlighting an unaddressed concern regarding cumulative RHI effects on brain microstructures. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microstructural changes in the brains' of high school rugby players due to repeated head impacts and to establish a correlation between clinical symptoms, cumulative effects of RHI exposure, and changes in the brain's microstructure.

Natural and Semisynthetic Immunomodulatory Luakuliide Labdane Diterpenoids.

Spectroscopy-guided isolation of extracts of the Tongan marine sponge cf. (Lamarck, 1814) has resulted in the reisolation of the labdane diterpenoid luakuliide A () and one new congener, luakulialactam A (). In addition to establishing the absolute configuration of , synthetic modifications to the luakuliide framework at key positions has created a set of six derivatives (-) which were used to interrogate a structure-activity relationship relating to the immunomodulatory effects of luakuliide A.

Longitudinal trajectories of digital upper limb biomarkers for multiple sclerosis.

Background: Upper limb dysfunction is a common debilitating feature of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We aimed to examine the longitudinal trajectory of the iPad®-based Manual Dexterity Test (MDT) and predictors of change over time.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled RRMS patients (limited to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) < 4).

Hindguts of harbor phylogenetically and genomically distinct capable of degrading algal polysaccharides and diazotrophy.

The genus () is most often associated with human clinical samples and livestock. However, are also prevalent in the hindgut of the marine herbivorous fish (Silver Drummer), and analysis of their carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) encoding gene repertoires suggests degrade macroalgal biomass to support fish nutrition. To further explore host-associated traits unique to -derived , we compared 445 high-quality genomes of available in public databases (e.

Single-chain antibody gene therapy strategy based on high-throughput screening triggers sustained antiviral activity in the body.

The occurrence of viral diseases poses a huge threat and impact on human public health safety and the development of the animal and fishery industry. Here, a strain of single-chain antibody fragment, scFv-1, was isolated from the phage antibody display library construct by immunizing New Zealand white rabbits with rhabdovirus. analysis showed that the single-chain antibody could inhibit the infection of the virus in multiple pathways, including adsorption, fusion, and release.

Oligodendrocytes in Huntington's Disease: A Review of Oligodendrocyte Pathology and Current Cell Reprogramming Approaches for Oligodendrocyte Modelling of Huntington's Disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder traditionally characterized by the selective loss of medium spiny neurons in the basal ganglia. However, it has become apparent that white matter injury and oligodendrocyte dysfunction precede the degeneration of medium spiny neurons, garnering interest as a key pathogenic mechanism of HD. Oligodendrocytes are glial cells found within the central nervous system involved in the production of myelin and the myelination of axons.

Allergens in ophthalmic medicaments in New Zealand.

Background/objectives: Eyelid allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) attributed to ophthalmic medications is often underreported, which can result in poor outcomes. Patch testing for eyelid ACD requires up-to-date knowledge of potential allergens. The aim of this study was to investigate allergens in ophthalmic medicaments in New Zealand.

Loneliness in older persons with schizophrenia.

Background: In tandem with the rise in numbers of older adults in the general population, more people with schizophrenia (PwS) are also living longer. This vulnerable population has several trajectories of ageing driven by a number of social determinants of health, including the experience of loneliness and they may be more at risk of experiencing loneliness.

Aim: This study aimed to examine demographic, psychosocial and clinical variables and their relative contribution to the loneliness of older PwS (OPwS) in a large New Zealand community sample.