A randomised controlled implementation trial of the feasibility and effectiveness of school staff delivery of a selective substance use and mental health program during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Preventure is a selective school-based personality-targeted program that has shown long-term benefits in preventing student alcohol use, internalising and externalising problems when delivered by psychologists. In this first Australian randomised controlled trial of school staff implementation of Preventure, we aimed to examine i) acceptability, feasibility, and fidelity and ii) effectiveness of Preventure on student alcohol use, internalising, and externalising symptoms.

Methods: A cluster-randomised controlled implementation trial was conducted in Sydney, Australia and was guided by the RE-AIM framework (Glasgow et al.

Exercise medicine as adjunct therapy during RADIation for CAncer of the prostaTE to improve treatment efficacy - protocol for the ERADICATE study: a phase II randomised controlled trial.

Background: Tumour hypoxia resulting from inadequate perfusion is common in many solid tumours, including prostate cancer, and constitutes a major limiting factor in radiation therapy that contributes to treatment resistance. Emerging research in preclinical animal models indicates that exercise has the potential to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment by modulating tumour perfusion and reducing hypoxia; however, evidence from randomised controlled trials is currently lacking. The 'Exercise medicine as adjunct therapy during RADIation for CAncer of the prostaTE' (ERADICATE) study is designed to investigate the impact of exercise on treatment response, tumour physiology, and adverse effects of treatment in prostate cancer patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

An online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Effective, scalable dementia prevention interventions are needed to address modifiable risk factors given global burden of dementia and challenges in developing disease-modifying treatments. A single-blind randomized controlled trial assessed an online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline over 3 years. Participants were dementia-free community-dwelling Australians aged 55-77 years with modifiable dementia risk factors.

Enhanced phosphorus weathering contributed to Late Miocene cooling.

Late Miocene climate evolution provides an opportunity to assess Earth's climate sensitivity to carbon cycle perturbation under warmer-than-modern conditions. Despite its relevance for understanding the climate system, the driving mechanisms underlying profound climate and carbon cycle changes - including the enigmatic Late Miocene cooling from 7 to 5.4 million years ago - remain unclear.

Improving quality of life in palliative care: palatal lift prosthesis in a patient with periodontal disease.

A man in his late 50s was referred by a speech and language therapist for consideration of a palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) to improve his speech intelligibility. He presented with hypokinetic dysarthria characterised by reduced loudness, breathy voice and hypernasality. The patient had a diagnosis of progressive muscular dystrophy and mobilised in a motorised wheelchair.

The tidal trap - Seasonal transport of floating macrodebris in the bi-directional Chao Phraya River network on the Gulf of Thailand.

Models estimate up to 3 million metric tons of river plastic waste flowing into the world's ocean every year. All ocean-bound rivers endure tidal impact to some degree, but there is a lack of data on the resulting marine emission effects. To address this gap we analyzed the trajectories of grapefruit-sized floating GPS drifters (n = 63) in the Chao Phraya estuary in Bangkok, Thailand, in the three seasons of 2022-2023.

Speech-Language Pathology Preservice Preparation for Working in School-Age Literacy: International Perspectives.

Purpose: This narrative review of preservice training of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to work in school-age literacy contexts examines (a) studies regarding SLPs' perceptions of their preservice training and (b) accreditation requirements for preservice training in selected nations.

Method: A review of the literature examining (a) SLPs' perspectives about their preservice training; (b) SLPs' beliefs, confidence, and self-efficacy; and (c) speech-language pathology preservice program content was conducted via analysis of studies published after the year 2010. Policy documents and websites outlining accreditation requirements in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand were reviewed.

The international trial of nasal oxygen therapy after cardiac surgery (NOTACS) in patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications: Economic evaluation protocol and analysis plan.

Introduction: High-Flow Nasal Therapy (HFNT) is an innovative non-invasive form of respiratory support. Compared to standard oxygen therapy (SOT), there is an equipoise regarding the effect of HFNT on patient-centred outcomes among those at high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications after undergoing cardiac surgery. The NOTACS trial aims to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of HFNT compared to SOT within 90 days of surgery in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.

Dapagliflozin inhibits ferroptosis to improve chronic heart failure by regulating Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Objective: To study the effect of Dapagliflozin on ferroptosis in rabbits with chronic heart failure and to reveal its possible mechanism.

Methods: Nine healthy adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into Sham group (only thorax opening was performed in Sham group, no ascending aorta circumferential ligation was performed), Heart failure group (HF group, ascending aorta circumferential ligation was performed in HF group to establish the animal model of heart failure), and Dapagliflozin group (DAPA group, after the rabbit chronic heart failure model was successfully made in DAPA group). Dapagliflozin was given by force-feeding method.

Growth decline in European beech associated with temperature-driven increase in reproductive allocation.

Climate change is impacting forests in complex ways, with indirect effects arising from interactions between tree growth and reproduction often overlooked. Our 43-y study of European beech () showed that rising summer temperatures since 2005 have led to more frequent seed production events. This shift increases reproductive effort but depletes the trees' stored resources due to insufficient recovery periods between seed crops.

Clinical derivation and data simulated validation of rule-out and rule-in algorithms for the Siemens Atellica IM high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay.

Background: This prospective, two-centre study derived and validated predictive algorithms for the Siemens Atellica IM high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Algorithms for predicting 30-day myocardial infarction type 1 and 2 (MI) and death or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, type 1 and 2) at index admission were developed from a derivation cohort of 1896 patients and validated using a synthetic dataset with nearly 1 million patient cases. Performance was compared to the European Society of Cardiology algorithms for hs-cTnT (Roche Diagnostics) and hs-cTnI (Abbott Diagnostics).

Relationship between serum urate and changes in dual-energy CT monosodium urate crystal volume over 1 year in people with gout: an individual participant data analysis.

Objectives: The dynamics of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal changes across a range of serum urate concentrations in people with gout are unknown. This study aimed to systematically examine the relationship between serum urate and changes in dual-energy CT (DECT) urate volume in people with gout and stable serum urate concentrations.

Methods: Individual participant data were analysed from three studies of people with gout.

Evaluating the Potential of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Detecting Iron Deposition of Renal Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model.

Background: As ferroptosis is a key factor in renal fibrosis (RF), iron deposition monitoring may help evaluating RF. The capability of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for detecting iron deposition in RF remains uncertain.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of QSM to detect iron deposition in RF.

Serinophospholipids: A Third Type of Natural Phospholipid Discovered in a Thermophilic Bacterium.

Phospholipids are an essential constituent of cells with all life thought to produce these compounds with either a glycerol or sphingoid moiety at their core. For the first time, we demonstrate that a thermophilic bacterium, NGM72.4, produces a third type of phospholipid, serinophospholipids, which are distinct from glycero- and sphingophospholipids by featuring a serinol backbone instead.

Inavolisib: First Approval.

Inavolisib (Itovebi) is an orally administered, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitor being developed by Genentech, a member of the Roche group, for the treatment of solid tumours. On 10 October 2024, inavolisib received its first approval in the USA in combination with palbociclib and fulvestrant for the treatment of adults with endocrine-resistant, PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, as detected by an FDA-approved test, following recurrence on or after completing adjuvant endocrine therapy. In the EU and other countries worldwide, regulatory review of inavolisib is currently underway.

Effects of variable mating opportunity, delay, and male mating experience on the lifespan, female reproductive traits, and offspring traits of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae).

The balance between mating benefits and costs shapes reproductive strategies and life history traits across animal species. For biological control programs, understanding how mating rates influence life history traits is essential for optimising population management and enhancing predator efficacy. This study investigates the impact of mating opportunity availability, delayed mating, and male mating history (copulation frequency) on the lifespan (both sexes), female reproductive traits (duration of oviposition and of pre- and post-oviposition periods, and lifetime oviposition), and offspring quality (egg size and offspring survival) of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), an important biological control agent against spider mites.

Fasting glucose levels at diagnosis and delivery are associated with postpartum glucose abnormalities in GDM women.

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Although the increased glucose levels typically return to normal range after delivery for most GDM women, a significant proportion of GDM women develop impaired glucose tolerance or overt diabetes after delivery. Several factors associated with postpartum glucose abnormalities have been identified, yet the link between fasting glucose levels at diagnosis of GDM and postpartum glucose abnormalities remains unclear.

Population Kinetics and Protein Profiles of Co-Cultured Adult and Fetus Rabbit Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells.

Objective: Bladder tissue models have been developed using smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on various scaffolds to mimic bladder morphology and physiology. This study investigates the effects of co-culturing fetal and adult SMCs on growth properties and protein profiles to understand cellular interactions and population kinetics.

Methods: Bladder tissue samples from 10 adult and 10 fetal New Zealand rabbits were divided into 5 groups: adult SMCs (A), fetal SMCs (F), 50%A+50%F (A+F), 75%A+25%F (3A+F), and 25%A+75%F (A+3F).

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

Near-universal prevalence of central adiposity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PARAGON-HF trial.

Background And Aims: An expansion of fat mass is an integral feature of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). While body mass index (BMI) is the most common anthropometric measure, a measure of central adiposity-the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)-focuses on body fat content and distribution; is not distorted by bone or muscle mass, sex, or ethnicity; and may be particularly relevant in HFpEF.

Methods: The PARAGON-HF trial randomized 4796 patients with heart failure and ejection fraction ≥45% to valsartan or sacubitril/valsartan.

Fatty acid oxidation-induced HIF-1α activation facilitates hepatic urate synthesis through upregulating NT5C2 and XDH.

Dyslipidemia affects approximately half of all people with gout, and prior Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal role for elevated triglycerides in hyperuricemia (HU), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that dyslipidemia promotes hepatic urate biosynthesis in HU and gout and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) drives this process. Here we developed a targeted metabolomics to quantify major metabolites in purine metabolic pathway in the sera of a human cohort with HU, gout, and normaluricemic controls.

Application of the 2023 World Heart Federation guidelines for the echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease.

Rheumatic heart disease remains prevalent in some regions of Australia and New Zealand. Echocardiography is the gold standard for detection and diagnosis using the 2023 World Heart Federation guidelines. The guidelines describe specific features of mitral and aortic valve morphology and define pathological regurgitation associated with RHD.

Klebsiella liver phlegmon mimicking a solid liver tumour.

Introduction: This case examines the sonographic and clinical challenge of diagnosing a pyogenic liver abscess with systemic metastatic infection.

Case Description: The patient in this case study is an 81-year-old man who presented with intermittent rigors. Following radiological and clinical assessments, a pyogenic liver abscess, with evidence of systemic metastatic infection, was diagnosed.

Correlation between rrs gene mutations and amikacin resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus: implications for fitness cost and clinical prevalence.

Objectives: Amikacin is crucial for treating Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) infections, with resistance primarily attributed to rrs gene mutations. The correlation between specific mutations and amikacin susceptibility, along with the associated fitness cost, requires further investigation.

Methods: We isolated spontaneous amikacin-resistant mutants in vitro and identified their mutation sites in the rrs gene via Sanger sequencing, which were then compared with existing reports.

Physical Health Views Among Individuals Experiencing Mental Illness: A Mixed-Methods Study of Self-Reported Health and Contributing Factors.

Severe mental illness is linked to poor physical health and shorter life expectancy, yet research on how individuals experiencing mental illness view and on improve their physical health is limited. This study investigates the perceptions of individuals experiencing mental illness regarding their physical health, utilising a mixed-methods approach. Phase I involved quantitative and qualitative data from an online Qualtrics survey, which included the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) survey to measure participants' quality of life and assess self-reported physical and mental health.