World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the microbiome for oral medicine specialists-Part 1. A methodological guide.

Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have allowed for a rapid increase in knowledge about the human microbiome in both healthy and diseased states, which is expected to increase our understanding of multifactorial diseases. The World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII chose the microbiome as one of its topics of focus. Part 1 of this review provides updated knowledge in the field of microbiome research, describes the advantages and disadvantages of currently available sequencing technologies, and proposes a seven-step "recipe" for designing and performing studies that is supported by contemporary evidence.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the oral microbiome Part 2: Current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant oral disorders.

Objective: The World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII chose the oral microbiome as a focus area. Part 1 presents the methodological state of the science for oral microbiome studies. Part 2 was guided by the question: What is currently known about the microbiome associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa?

Materials And Methods: A scoping review methodology was followed to identify and analyse relevant studies on the composition and potential functions of the oral microbiota using high-throughput sequencing techniques.

On a FOX hunt: functions of FOX transcriptional regulators in bladder cancer.

Genomic and transcriptional studies have identified discrete molecular subtypes of bladder cancer. These observations could be the starting point to identify new treatments. Several members of the forkhead box (FOX) superfamily of transcription factors have been found to be differentially expressed in the different bladder cancer subtypes.

Potential for high-permittivity materials to reduce local SAR at a pacemaker lead tip during MRI of the head with a body transmit coil at 3 T.

Purpose: To illustrate the potential for high permittivity materials to be used in decreasing peak local SAR associated with implants when the imaging region is far from the implant.

Methods: We performed numerical simulations of a human subject with a pacemaker in a body-sized birdcage coil driven at 128 MHz with and without a thin (5 mm) shell of material of high electric permittivity around the head.

Results: For a shell with relative permittivity of 600, the maximum specific energy absorption rate averaged over any 1 g of tissue near the pacemaker was reduced by 73.

Presence of both Mesenchymal and Carcinomatous Features in an In-vitro Model of Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Derived from Patients' Ascitic Fluid.

We have refined the technique for isolating and propagating cultures of primary ovarian carcinosarcoma cells (OSCs) derived from ascites, which allowed the cells to obtain the biphasic features of carcinosarcoma in cell culture conditions (presence of both carcinoma and mesenchymal morphologic types). This protocol involves a simple yet rapid method for the growth and propagation of ascites OSC in a basal culture medium. Autologous ascitic fluid was used as source of growth factors, and minimal manipulation was involved to establish the culture.

The case against evidence-based principles in psychiatry.

There is an organized movement by governmental, academic and commercial interests to make evidence-based practice the standard of care in the United States. There is little proof that this model can be adapted to psychiatry. We examine the diagnostic system, the validity of the data from clinical trials and how these are applied to clinical practice.

Andy. A boy who thought he needed to be a girl.

In presenting the case of Andy, I hope to demonstrate the complicated multi-determined functions of feminine identifications and strivings in a boy with a diagnosable gender identity disorder. My patient's fantasies of wishing and needing to be a girl were not just the result of the influence of parental behavior and attitudes. Equipmental problems resulting from inborn factors and interferences with optimal development due to ongoing interaction with his environment were major contributing influences.

The reconstruction of reminiscence.

The lifting of repression and of infantile amnesia was an original aim and goal of clinical psychoanalysis. Memory may be more or less reliable and authentic. However, it tends to be subjective, self-serving, and selective, and there are different memory modalities and systems.

Retained Aspergillus-contaminated contact lens inducing conjunctival mass and keratoconjunctivitis in an immunocompetent patient.

Purpose: A 66-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of prominent mucoid discharge and foreign body sensation in her left eye.

Methods: Ocular evaluation revealed a moderately severe superficial punctate keratitis involving the temporal half of the left cornea. The superior tarsal conjunctiva showed marked papillary reaction with an area of indentation temporally.

Seduction trauma: representation, deferred action, and pathogenic development.

Seduction trauma refers to a range of phenomena currently described under the rubric of child abuse. Freud elucidated the fantasy distortion and elaboration of traumatic experience and retained the importance of actual trauma. Psychic trauma is associated with the alteration of self and object representations and ensuing new identifications, e.

The Irma dream, self-analysis, and self-supervision.

The Irma dream has special historical significance. Erikson and others have placed it in historical, social, and cultural context. The manifest dream was elaborated in terms of analytic surface with analysis of form and content, patterns and movement in time and space, etc.

Percutaneous left atrial to femoral arterial bypass pumping for circulatory support in high-risk coronary angioplasty.

Left atrial to femoral arterial bypass was evaluated as a means of supporting patients who were considered to be at high risk for the performance of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A 20 French drainage catheter was inserted percutaneously into the left atrium via a modified transseptal technique. Blood was withdrawn from the left atrium and returned through a femoral arterial cannula using a roller pump.

Sex preselection in New York City: who chooses which sex and why.

With its increasing success, sex preselection has become a matter of general concern, and interest in it is growing. Three aspects of sex preselection in New York City were considered. Who is choosing the sex? Which sex is being chosen? Why have the choices been made? In this investigation, 178 couples were studied and all 57 non-American couples chose boys; however, 120 American couples chose boys and girls with equal frequency depending upon the gender of the children at home.

FURTHER STUDIES ON IMMUNITY IN EXPERIMENTAL CRYPTOCOCCOSIS.

Following infection with 10(3) cells of Cryptococcus neoformans, progressive multiplication occurred in all tissues for 7 to 28 days. Thereafter, most mice gained control of the infection so that 3 to 6 months after inoculation, tissues were usually sterile or contained only small numbers of cryptococci. Survivors challenged 1 to 4 months after infection with 10(3) cells lived longer than controls and had an increased survival rate.

IMPROVED METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS.

The specific polysaccharides of Types I and V pneumococcus give sharp equivalence zones and show maximal precipitation with homologous rabbit antisera only when carefully prepared from cultures which have not been neutralized with alkali. The precipitating power of S V toward homologous rabbit antiserum falls off in 0.1 N NaOH even more rapidly than that of S I, dropping to 7 per cent of the original value in 6 days at room temperature.