Reverse Osmosis Membrane Engineering: Multidirectional Analysis Using Bibliometric, Machine Learning, Data, and Text Mining Approaches.

Membrane engineering is a complex field involving the development of the most suitable membrane process for specific purposes and dealing with the design and operation of membrane technologies. This study analyzed 1424 articles on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane engineering from the Scopus database to provide guidance for future studies. The results show that since the first article was published in 1964, the domain has gained popularity, especially since 2009.

Sequence-dependent conformational preferences of disordered single-stranded RNA.

Disordered single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecules, like their well-folded counterparts, have crucial functions that depend on their structures. However, since native ssRNAs constitute a highly heterogeneous conformer population, their structural characterization poses challenges. One important question regards the role of sequence in influencing ssRNA structure.

Phylogenetics, biogeography, and life history evolution in the broadly distributed treefrog genus Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae).

Dendropsophusis one of the most species-rich genera of hylid treefrogs. Recent studies integrating Sanger-generated mitochondrial and nuclear loci with phenomic characters (SP) have advanced understanding of this clade, but questions about its internal relationships and biogeographic history persist. To address these questions, we used anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) to combine 432 nuclear loci for 78 taxa (72 % of species) with published data.

Clinical outcomes from robotic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in patients under and over 70 years old: a single institution retrospective cohort study with a comprehensive systematic review on behalf of TROGSS - The Robotic Global Surgical Society.

Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare outcomes of robotic inguinal hernia repair (RIHR) in patients under and over 70 years old, performed by a fellowship-trained robotic surgeon at a single institution.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing robotic primary transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair between 2020 and 2022 was conducted. Patients were categorized into two age groups: those under 70 years and 70 years and older.

Longitudinal Associations Between Attachment Representations Coded in the Adult Attachment Interview in Late Adolescence and Perceptions of Romantic Relationship Adjustment in Adulthood.

Increasingly, researchers have operationalized Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)-derived attachment representations as reflecting individual differences in secure base script knowledge (AAI)-the degree to which individuals show awareness of the temporal-causal schema that summarizes the basic features of seeking and receiving effective support from caregivers when in distress. In a series of pre-registered analyses, we used AAI transcripts recently re-coded for AAI and leveraged a new follow-up assessment of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development cohort at around age 30 years (479 currently partnered participants; 59% female; 82% White/non-Hispanic) to assess and compare the links between AAI and traditional AAI coding measures at around age 18 years and self-reported romantic relationship quality in adulthood. Higher AAI predicted better dyadic adjustment scores in adulthood ( = 0.

Light-Driven Adaptive Molecular Crystals Activated by [2+2] and [4+4] Cycloadditions.

Photomechanical crystals act as light-driven material-machines that can convert the energy carried by photons into kinetic energy via shape deformation or displacement, and this capability holds a paramount significance for the development of photoactuated devices. This transformation is usually attributed to anisotropic expansion or contraction of the unit cell engendered by light-induced structural modifications that lead to accumulation and release of stress that generates a momentum, resulting in readily observable mechanical effects. Among the available photochemical processes, the photoinduced [2+2] and [4+4] reactions are known for their robustness, predictability, amenability to control with molecular and supramolecular engineering approaches, and efficiency that has already been elevated to a proof-of-concept smart devices based on organic crystals.

E-cigarette (EC) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use in the United Arab Emirates, an emerging EC and HTP market: A cross-sectional analysis of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) UAE Survey.

Introduction: E-cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are recent arrivals to the nicotine product market in the Middle East, which are rapidly growing in popularity in the region. There is a lack of surveillance data at the country-level on use of these products and factors associated with their use.

Methods: This study analyzed a subset of data from the UAE Healthy Future Study, a population-based cohort study of the Emirati population, to determine the factors associated with EC and HTP use among a sample of Emirati adults (≥ 18 years).

Power Distance Moderates the Relation Between Income Inequality and Life Satisfaction: A Cross-Country Longitudinal Analysis.

Despite extensive research, the relationship between income inequality and life satisfaction remains unclear, with some countries experiencing negative consequences, while others show neutral or positive outcomes. Using data from the Gallup World Poll (2006-2022) with nearly two million respondents from more than 110 countries, we disentangle the distinct within-country and between-country effects of inequality. Our multilevel analyses reveal a significant within-country effect: Temporal increases in inequality are associated with decreases in life satisfaction.

Nondestructive Analysis of Commercial Batteries.

Electrochemical batteries play a crucial role for powering portable electronics, electric vehicles, large-scale electric grids, and future electric aircraft. However, key performance metrics such as energy density, charging speed, lifespan, and safety raise significant consumer concerns. Enhancing battery performance hinges on a deep understanding of their operational and degradation mechanisms, from material composition and electrode structure to large-scale pack integration, necessitating advanced characterization methods.

Severity Classification of Parkinson's Disease via Synthesis of Energy Skeleton Images from Videos Produced in Uncontrolled Environments.

Parkinson's Disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide, primarily marked by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons. Despite the absence of a cure, current treatments focus on symptom management, often relying on pharmacotherapy and surgical interventions. Early diagnosis remains a critical challenge, particularly in underserved areas, as existing diagnostic protocols lack standardization and accessibility.

Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: An International Delphi Consensus on Clinical Trial Design and Endpoints.

Background & Aims: Interventional clinical trials in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) are characterized by substantial heterogeneity due to a lack of consensus in several key areas of trial design-this impedes clinical research efforts to identify novel therapies. The objective of this initiative was to achieve the first consensus and provide clear position statements on ASUC trial design.

Methods: A modified Delphi consensus approach was employed with a panel of 20 clinicians with international representation and expertise in ASUC trial design and delivery.

Seeing fast and slow: the influence of music-induced affective states and individual sensory sensitivity on visual processing speed.

There is a speed-accuracy trade-off in perception. The ability to quickly extract sensory information is critical for survival, while extended processing can improve our accuracy. It has been suggested that emotions can change our style of processing, but their influence on processing speed is not yet clear.

Corrigendum: Association between obstructive sleep apnea risk and type 2 diabetes among Emirati adults: results from the UAE healthy future study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.

Real-world experience with iron chelation therapy in transfusion-dependent thalassemia: impact of the oral chelators' era.

Iron overload is a common complication in patients with transfusion-dependent-thalassemia that can lead to end-organ damage. Management of iron overload has considerably evolved since the early 2000s with the approval of oral iron chelators and widespread use of MRI monitoring. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 144 patients with transfusion-dependent-thalassemia treated at a single center in the US and followed since initiation of regular transfusion therapy.

TBK1 Reprograms Metabolism in Breast Cancer: An Integrated Omics Approach.

Metabolic rewiring is required for cancer cells to survive in harsh microenvironments and is considered to be a hallmark of cancer. Specific metabolic adaptations are required for a tumor to become invasive and metastatic. Cell division and metabolism are inherently interconnected, and several cell cycle modulators directly regulate metabolism.

Thermogenic adipose tissues: Promising therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.

The ongoing increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dyslipidemia warrants discovery of novel therapeutic options for these metabolic diseases. Obesity is characterized by white adipose tissue expansion due to chronic positive energy balance as a result of excessive energy intake and/or reduced energy expenditure. Despite various efforts to prevent or reduce obesity including lifestyle and behavioral interventions, surgical weight reduction approaches and pharmacological methods, there has been limited success in significantly reducing obesity prevalence.

Prognostic Modeling for Liver Cirrhosis Mortality Prediction and Real-Time Health Monitoring from Electronic Health Data.

Liver cirrhosis stands as a prominent contributor to mortality, impacting millions across the United States. Enabling health care providers to predict early mortality among patients with cirrhosis holds the potential to enhance treatment efficacy significantly. Our hypothesis centers on the correlation between mortality and laboratory test results along with relevant diagnoses in this patient cohort.

Atypical oscillatory and aperiodic signatures of visual sampling in developmental dyslexia.

Temporal processing deficits in Developmental Dyslexia (DD) have been documented extensively at the behavioral level, leading to the formulation of neural theories positing that such anomalies in parsing multisensory input rely on aberrant synchronization of neural oscillations or to an excessive level of neural noise. Despite reading being primarily supported by visual functions, experimental evidence supporting these theories remains scarce. Here, we tested 26 adults with DD (9 females) and 31 neurotypical controls (16 females) with a temporal segregation/integration task that required participants to either integrate or segregate two rapidly presented displays while their EEG activity was recorded.