Morphological and functional convergence of visual projection neurons from diverse neurogenic origins in Drosophila.

The Drosophila visual system is a powerful model to study the development of neural circuits. Lobula columnar neurons-LCNs are visual output neurons that encode visual features relevant to natural behavior. There are ~20 classes of LCNs forming non-overlapping synaptic optic glomeruli in the brain.

Effectiveness and Safety of Adalimumab in Patients With Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Study on Behalf of the Porto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group of European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition.

Background And Aims: Patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), with an age of onset < 6 years, can present with severe manifestations and may require biologic therapy. Infliximab and adalimumab are approved for induction and maintenance in pediatric IBD patients but are licensed only above the age of 6 years. Effectiveness and safety data on adalimumab in this patient population are lacking.

Informational rescaling of PCA maps with application to genetic distance.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful multivariate tool allowing the projection of data in low-dimensional representations. Nevertheless, datapoint distances on these low-dimensional projections are challenging to interpret. Here, we propose a computationally simple heuristic to transform a map based on standard PCA (when the variables are asymptotically Gaussian) into an entropy-based map where distances are based on mutual information (MI).

Molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus human case in Jordan.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an important zoonotic pathogen. The aim of this paper is to report one polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive case of MERS-CoV in a 27-year-old man who was involved in a nationwide longitudinal surveillance study of certain zoonotic diseases in Jordan including MERS-CoV. Whole-blood and nasal swab samples were collected from the man and five camels in the vicinity of his living area.

Bluues_cplx: Electrostatics at Protein-Protein and Protein-Ligand Interfaces.

(1) Background: Electrostatics plays a capital role in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. Implicit solvent models are widely used to describe electrostatics and complementarity at interfaces. Electrostatic complementarity at the interface is not trivial, involving surface potentials rather than the charges of surfacial contacting atoms.

Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.

The "" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.

Principles of ion binding to RNA inferred from the analysis of a 1.55 Å resolution bacterial ribosome structure - Part I: Mg2.

The importance of Mg2+ ions for RNA structure and function cannot be overstated. Several attempts were made to establish a comprehensive Mg2+ binding site classification. However, such descriptions were hampered by poorly modelled ion binding sites as observed in a recent cryo-EM 1.

Assessment of the Peri-implant Bone Density Following Bicortical Anchored Corticobasal Implants Placement in the Maxillary Arch: A Cross-sectional Prospective Study.

Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional prospective study was to evaluate the bone density changes around the bicortical corticobasal implant placed in the maxilla over 18 months of follow-up using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), focusing on the comparison between the anterior and posterior teeth and regions.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-five subjects (20, 53.26%, were males, and 15, 46.

Right Ventricular Injury Definition and Management in Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Right ventricular injury (RVI) in respiratory failure receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is associated with significant mortality. A scoping review is necessary to map the current literature and guide future research regarding the definition and management of RVI in patients receiving VV ECMO. We searched for relevant publications on RVI in patients receiving VV ECMO in Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science.

One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction.

Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse and important for livelihoods and economic development, but are under substantial stress. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods are used to guide environmental policy and conservation prioritization, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors.

A foundation model of transcription across human cell types.

Transcriptional regulation, which involves a complex interplay between regulatory sequences and proteins, directs all biological processes. Computational models of transcription lack generalizability to accurately extrapolate to unseen cell types and conditions. Here we introduce GET (general expression transformer), an interpretable foundation model designed to uncover regulatory grammars across 213 human fetal and adult cell types.

Countries' progress towards Global Health Security (GHS) increased health systems resilience during the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic: A difference-in-difference study of 191 countries.

Research on health systems resilience during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic frequently used the Global Health Security Index (GHSI), a composite index scoring countries' health security and related capabilities. Conflicting results raised questions regarding the validity of the GHSI as a reliable index. This study attempted to better characterize when and to what extent countries' progress towards Global Health Security (GHS) augments health systems resilience.

Regulating Supramolecular Assembly and Disassembly of Chitosan toward Efficiently Antibacterial Lubricous and Biodegradable Hydrogel Urinary Catheters.

Urinary catheters serve as critical medical devices in clinical practice. However, the currently used urinary catheters lack efficient antibacterial and lubricating properties, often leading to discomfort with patients and even severe urinary infections. Herein, a new strategy of supramolecular assembly and disassembly of chitosan (Cs) is developed that enables efficient antibacterial lubricous and biodegradable hydrogel urinary catheters.

CIROZ is dispensable in ancestral vertebrates but essential for left-right patterning in humans.

Four genes-DAND5, PKD1L1, MMP21, and CIROP-form a genetic module that has specifically evolved in vertebrate species that harbor motile cilia in their left-right organizer (LRO). We find here that CIROZ (previously known as C1orf127) is also specifically expressed in the LRO of mice, frogs, and fish, where it encodes a protein with a signal peptide followed by 3 zona pellucida N domains, consistent with extracellular localization. We report 16 individuals from 10 families with bi-allelic CIROZ inactivation variants, which cause heterotaxy with congenital heart defects.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Has No Advantage Over Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow Aspirate Injections for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Microfragmented adipose tissue has been proposed for intra-articular treatment of knee osteoarthritis. There are little data comparing the outcomes of treatment between microfragmented adipose tissue and other biological treatments.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing microfragmented aspirated fat injections to other orthobiologics, hyaluronic acid, and corticosteroid injections for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Rényi relative entropy based monogamy of entanglement in tripartite systems.

A comprehensive investigation of the entanglement characteristics is carried out on tripartite spin-1/2 systems, examining prototypical tripartite states, the thermal Heisenberg model, and the transverse field Ising model. The entanglement is computed using the Rényi relative entropy. In the traditional Rényi relative entropy, the generalization parameter α can take values only in the range [Formula: see text] due to the requirements of joint convexity of the measure.

A new class of natural anthelmintics targeting lipid metabolism.

Parasitic helminths are a major global health threat, infecting nearly one-fifth of the human population and causing significant losses in livestock and crops. Resistance to the few anthelmintic drugs is increasing. Here, we report a set of avocado fatty alcohols/acetates (AFAs) that exhibit nematocidal activity against four veterinary parasitic nematode species: Brugia pahangi, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Heligmosomoides polygyrus, as well as a multidrug resistant strain (UGA) of Haemonchus contortus.

Magic-NOVEL: Suppressing electron-electron coupling effects in pulsed DNP.

Pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhances the nuclear magnetic resonance sensitivity by coherently transferring electron spin polarization to dipolar coupled nuclear spins. Recently, many new pulsed DNP techniques such as NOVEL, TOP, XiX, TPPM, and BEAM have been introduced. Despite significant progress, numerous challenges remain unsolved.

The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Microbiome and Metabolome in 3D Tissue-Engineered Models.

Background And Aim: Recent studies have shown that electronic cigarettes (ECs) use disrupts the oral microbiome composition and diversity, impairing the metabolic pathways of the mucosal cells. However, to date, no reports have evaluated the role of EC exposure in the context of oral metabolome. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of EC aerosol exposure in the dysregulation of the oral microbiome and metabolome profile using in vitro 3D organotypic models of human oral mucosa.

The impact of interethnic lipidomic variation in falciparum malaria.

Background: Shifts in dietary patterns during lifestyle transitions are integral components of the dynamic interactions between humans and their environments. Investigating the link between dietary diversity, the composition of the human lipidome and infection is key to understanding the interplay between diet and susceptibility to pathogens.

Methods: Here we address this question by performing a comparative study of two ethnic groups with divergent dietary patterns: Fulani, who are nomad pastoralists with a dairy-centric diet, and Mossi, who are farmers with a plant-based diet.

Development of Primal World Beliefs.

Primal world beliefs ("primals") capture individuals' basic understanding of what sort of world this is. How do children develop beliefs about the nature of the world? Is the world a good place? Safe or dangerous? Enticing or dull? Primals were initially introduced in social and personality psychology to understand beliefs about the world as a whole that may influence well-being and personality. This article introduces the concept of primals to developmental scientists and reviews preliminary research examining how primals relate to sociodemographic and well-being indicators.

Human migration from the Levant and Arabia into Yemen since Last Glacial Maximum.

While a broad consensus about the first successful migration modern humans out of Africa seems established, the peopling of Arabia remains somewhat enigmatic. Identifying the ancestral populations that contributed to the gene pool of the current populations inhabiting Arabia and the impact of their contributions remains a challenging task. We investigate the genetic makeup of the current Yemeni population using 46 whole genomes and 169 genotype arrays derived from Yemeni individuals from all geographic regions across Yemen and 351 genotype arrays derived from neighboring populations providing regional context.

Fostering children's creativity through LLM-driven storytelling with a social robot.

Creativity is an important skill that is known to plummet in children when they start school education that limits their freedom of expression and their imagination. On the other hand, research has shown that integrating social robots into educational settings has the potential to maximize children's learning outcomes. Therefore, our aim in this work was to investigate stimulating children's creativity through child-robot interactions.