Assessing outcome in psychoanalysis and long-term dynamic psychotherapy.

The efficacy of psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy remains a fundamentally unresolved issue for lack of methodologically sound studies. This article reviews the shortcomings of prior long-term treatment research, and presents a rationale and justification of the importance of more rigorous outcome studies. An emphasis on process research is premature when efficacy remains uncertain.

Internalized homophobia in a sample of HIV+ gay men, and its relationship to psychological distress, coping, and illness progression.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether internalized homophobia is related to psychological distress and coping style and whether these relationships are moderated by illness stage. A sample of gay men, most of whom were HIV+, Caucasian, and well educated, were administered assessments at both baseline and 2-year follow-up, which allowed for the assessment of change over time in the context of HIV illness progression and to determine whether internalized homophobia predicts psychological distress and coping over time. Greater internalized homophobia at baseline, specifically among those who were HIV+ asymptomatic, predicted higher levels of distress at follow-up.