Analysis of Literature Regarding Health Care Disparities in Radiology: Is Radiology Falling Behind?

Purpose: To quantify the gap between radiology and other specialties regarding the amount of literature on healthcare disparities (HCD).

Methods: Four different searches were conducted to evaluate the amount of literature on HCD in radiology as compared to internal medicine and surgery. Initially, the Journal Citation Report was utilized to search for the five highest ranking journals in each field and a second search used impact factor.

Patient Factors Associated with Interest in Teledermatology: Cross-sectional Survey.

Background: Teledermatology is a conduit for patients communicating with dermatologists on the internet, which bypasses in-person visits. It holds promise to address access needs for dermatologic care; however, the interest in using teledermatology is unknown in underserved populations with potential barriers to the use of health care technology.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the association between demographic characteristics with interest in exchanging digital images or videos of skin lesions with health care providers electronically.

HIV Information Acquisition and Use Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Use the Internet: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: HIV disproportionately affects young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) in the United States. eHealth holds potential for supporting linkage and engagement in HIV prevention and care and the delivery of HIV information to YBMSM.

Objective: This study aims to investigate HIV information acquisition and use among YBMSM who use the internet.

The Role of the Physical and Social Environment in Observed and Self-Reported Park Use in Low-Income Neighborhoods in New York City.

Physical and social environments of parks and neighborhoods influence park use, but the extent of their relative influence remains unclear. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between the physical and social environment of parks and both observed and self-reported park use in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. We conducted community- ( = 54 parks) and individual-level ( = 904 residents) analyses.

Amino acid-based HS donors: -thiocarboxyanhydrides that release HS with innocuous byproducts.

A library of N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs) derived from natural amino acids with benign byproducts and controlled H2S-release kinetics is reported. Minimal acute in vitro toxicity was observed in multiple cell lines, while longer-term toxicity in cancer cells was observed, with slow-releasing donors exhibiting the greatest cytotoxic effects.

Lost-in-Translation of Metabolic Effects of Inorganic Nitrate in Type 2 Diabetes: Is Ascorbic Acid the Answer?

Beneficial metabolic effects of inorganic nitrate (NO) and nitrite (NO) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been documented in animal experiments; however, this is not the case for humans. Although it has remained an open question, the redox environment affecting the conversion of NO to NO and then to NO is suggested as a potential reason for this lost-in-translation. Ascorbic acid (AA) has a critical role in the gastric conversion of NO to NO following ingestion of NO.

Applying a Nursing Perspective to Address the Challenges Experienced by Cisgender Women in the HIV Status Neutral Care Continuum: A Review of the Literature.

The field of HIV research has grown over the past 40 years, but there remains an urgent need to address challenges that cisgender women living in the United States experience in the HIV neutral status care continuum, particularly among women such as Black women, who continue to be disproportionately burdened by HIV due to multiple levels of systemic oppression. We used a social ecological framework to provide a detailed review of the risk factors that drive the women's HIV epidemic. By presenting examples of effective approaches, best clinical practices, and identifying existing research gaps in three major categories (behavioral, biomedical, and structural), we provide an overview of the current state of research on HIV prevention among women.

Argentina's National Program for Control of Breast Cancer: Time 1, Patient Navigation, and Patient Cancer Education Experience.

Argentina has the second highest mortality rate for breast cancer (BC) in South America. The age-standardized incidence of BC in Argentina is 73 per 100,000. Despite the availability of early detection services, 30% of BCs are diagnosed at advanced disease stages.

Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4.

Background: Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is associated with a greater response to neuroinflammation and the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms for this association are not clear. The activation of calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLA2) is involved in inflammatory signaling and is elevated within the plaques of AD brains. The relation between APOE4 genotype and cPLA2 activity is not known.

Brain insulin signaling and cerebrovascular disease in human postmortem brain.

Insulin is an important hormone for brain function, and alterations in insulin metabolism may be associated with neuropathology. We examined associations of molecular markers of brain insulin signaling with cerebrovascular disease. Participants were enrolled in the Religious Orders Study (ROS), an ongoing epidemiologic community-based, clinical-pathologic study of aging from across the United States.

Dual motor cortex and spinal cord neuromodulation improves rehabilitation efficacy and restores skilled locomotor function in a rat cervical contusion injury model.

Motor recovery after spinal cord injury is limited due to sparse descending pathway axons caudal to the injury. Rehabilitation is the primary treatment for paralysis in humans with SCI, but only produces modest functional recovery. Here, we determined if dual epidural motor cortex (M1) intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and cathodal transcutaneous spinal direct stimulation (tsDCS) enhances the efficacy of rehabilitation in improving motor function after cervical SCI.

Scientific Publishing in Biomedicine: How to Choose a Journal?

Publishing in peer-reviewed high-quality journals is a gold standard method for disseminating scientific work. Choosing the right journal is one of the most important and difficult aspects of publishing research results. Submitting to an inappropriate journal is one of the most common reasons for fast rejection of manuscripts, resulting in time wasted by the authors and journals' editors.

Acidified Nitrite Accelerates Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetic Male Rats: A Histological and Stereological Evaluation.

Impaired skin nitric oxide production contributes to delayed wound healing in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to determine improved wound healing mechanisms by acidified nitrite (AN) in rats with T2D. Wistar rats were assigned to four subgroups: Untreated control, AN-treated control, untreated diabetes, and AN-treated diabetes.

Office of Medical Education: Opportunities for Trainees to Engage and Lead in Curricular Innovation and Reform.

Introduction: The AAMC prioritizes promoting a diverse and culturally competent workforce which is thought to have a positive impact on the health of people living in the US. There is a lack of diversity in the current landscape of academic medicine and strategies are needed to effect change. This module introduced undergraduate and graduate medical trainees to leadership skills and opportunities in curriculum innovation and reform by learning about and interacting with the office of medical education (OME) at their institutions.

Recruitment and Retention Strategies for Community-Based Longitudinal Studies in Diverse Urban Neighborhoods.

Longitudinal, natural experiments provide an ideal evaluation approach to better understand the impact of built environment interventions on community health outcomes, particularly health disparities. As there are many participant engagement challenges inherent in the design of large-scale community-based studies, adaptive and iterative participant engagement strategies are critical. This paper shares practical lessons learned from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) study, which is an evaluation of the impact of a citywide park renovation initiative on physical activity, psychosocial health, and community well-being.

Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Young Hispanic Adult.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a disease caused by a severe immune system reaction that involves an overwhelming inflammatory response with overproduction of cytokines and hemophagocytosis. HLH is classified as primary HLH or familial HLH (PHLH or FHLH) and secondary HLH. PHLH is due to mutations in several genes that regulate immune cells, while secondary HLH is triggered by a severe illness (viral infections or malignancies) that induce an excessive immune response that is difficult to control.

Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Among Chinese Children and Young Adults: A Single-Center Experience.

Objectives: There are limited data on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Asian American children. The aim of the present study was to describe a single-center experience of chronic HBV infection in Chinese American patients in New York City.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients with chronic HBV infection who had pediatric visits from 2006 to 2017.

Txnip C247S mutation protects the heart against acute myocardial infarction.

Rationale: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is a novel molecular target with translational potential in diverse human diseases. Txnip has several established cellular actions including binding to thioredoxin, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been long recognized from in vitro evidence that Txnip forms a disulfide bridge through cysteine 247 (C247) with reduced thioredoxin to inhibit the anti-oxidative properties of thioredoxin.

Just4Us: Development of a Counselor-Navigator and Text Message Intervention to Promote PrEP Uptake Among Cisgender Women at Elevated Risk for HIV.

In the United States, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among eligible cisgender women has been slow, despite the availability of oral PrEP since 2012. Although women make up nearly 20% of those living with HIV, there are currently few PrEP uptake interventions for cisgender women at elevated risk for acquiring HIV. Here we describe the process used to design and pre-pilot test Just4Us, a theory-based behavioral intervention to promote PrEP initiation and adherence among PrEP-eligible cisgender women.

The association between gender roles and smoking initiation among women and adolescent girls.

Smoking cigarettes is a leading global cause of preventable death and disease. Men historically smoke more than women, but the prevalence of smoking among women in low and middle-income countries is increasing at an alarming rate. Understanding the factors that influence smoking initiation among women and girls is needed to address the growing epidemic of women smokers and the looming impact on women's health worldwide.

Histopathologic reaction patterns to differentially cross-linked hyaluronic acid fillers: A retrospective case series.

Background: Hyaluronic acid filler reactions have been increasingly observed in recent years. Our study investigates whether the increased number of filler reactions observed since 2014 is associated with a specific histopathologic inflammatory pattern and type of filler.

Methods: The institution's dermatopathology electronic database was retrospectively searched for histopathologic reactions to hyaluronic acid from January 2014 to December 2019.

Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake: Differences Between Rural and Urban Privately-Insured Population.

Earlier studies investigated rural-urban colorectal cancer (CRC) screening disparities among older adults or used surveys. The objective was to compare screening uptake between rural and urban individuals 50-64 years of age using private health insurance. Data were analyzed from 58,774 Blue Cross Blue Shield of Nebraska beneficiaries.

The Clinical Disease Activity Index and the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 for Achievement of Treatment Strategies.

Objective: To compare the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) with the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) from 2 large United States registries.

Methods: Using a cross section of clinic visits within 2 registries, we determined whether the outcome of each metric would place the patient in remission (REM), low (LDA), moderate (MDA), or high disease activity (HDA) using the CDAI, with the assumption that a patient in MDA or HDA would be a candidate for acceleration of treatment.

Results: We identified significant disparities between the 2 indices in final disease categorization using each index system.

A model of negative emotional contagion between male-female rat dyads: Effects of voluntary exercise on stress-induced behavior and BDNF-TrkB signaling.

Emotional contagion refers to the sharing of emotional states between individuals and can cause depressive behaviors in healthy persons who live with depressed individuals. Negative emotional contagion has been observed in animal models, but the vast majority of studies are short-term and bear little resemblance to long-term human relationships. Thus, the first aim of this study was to establish an animal model of stress-induced negative emotional contagion that develops across time and between pairs.