Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for complex isolates from people with and without cystic fibrosis.

The complex (BCC) is a group of Gram-negative bacteria that cause opportunistic infections, most notably in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), and have been associated with outbreaks caused by contaminated medical products. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is often used to guide treatment for BCC infections, perhaps most importantly in people with CF who are being considered for lung transplant. However, recent studies have highlighted problems with AST methods.

The Efficacy of Prophylactic Vancomycin in Decreasing Surgical Site Infections in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Large Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: The use of vancomycin powder in spine surgery has been supported in adult populations, however, its efficacy in preventing postoperative surgical site infections in AIS patients is yet to be determined.

Methods: A multi-center review was conducted from June 2010 to February 2019, using ICD and CPT codes to identify AIS patients who underwent primary PSF. The patients were divided into two groups: the vancomycin cohort (receiving local vancomycin powder prior to wound closure) and the non-vancomycin cohort.

Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Depression, Anxiety, and Neuropsychiatric Symptom Burden in a Longitudinal Cohort with Persistent Psychophysical Post-COVID Olfactory Dysfunction.

Background/objectives: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is associated with a variety of neurologic deficits and impacts socialization decisions, mood, and overall quality of life. As a common symptom comprising the long COVID condition, persistent COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction (C19OD) may further impact the presentations of neuropsychiatric sequelae. Our study aims to characterize the longitudinal burden of depression, anxiety, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a population with C19OD.

Auditory and Visual Thalamocortical Connectivity Alterations in Unmedicated People with Schizophrenia: An Individualized Sensory Thalamic Localization and Resting-State Functional Connectivity Study.

Background: Converging evidence from clinical neuroimaging and animal models has strongly implicated dysfunction of thalamocortical circuits in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Preclinical models of genetic risk for schizophrenia have shown reduced synaptic transmission from auditory thalamus to primary auditory cortex, which may represent a correlate of auditory disturbances such as hallucinations. Human neuroimaging studies, however, have found a generalized increase in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) between whole thalamus and sensorimotor cortex in people with schizophrenia (PSZ).

Intracranial multimodal monitoring in neurocritical care (Neurocore-iMMM): an open, decentralized consensus.

Background: Intracranial multimodal monitoring (iMMM) is increasingly used in neurocritical care, but a lack of standardization hinders its evidence-based development. Here, we devised core outcome sets (COS) and reporting guidelines to harmonize iMMM practices and research.

Methods: An open, decentralized, three-round Delphi consensus study involved experts between December 2023 and June 2024.

Adult cardiac transplantation utilizing donors after circulatory death.

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) presents both opportunities and challenges in the realm of heart transplantation. Its emergence holds promise for narrowing the gap between patients in need of organs and the available donor pool. The rapid emergence of DCD use has allowed heart transplant volume to increase worldwide.

Links Between Early Prelinguistic Communication and Later Expressive Language in Toddlers With Autistic and Non-Autistic Siblings.

Purpose: The present study explored the extent to which early prelinguistic communication skills predict expressive language in toddlers with autistic siblings (Sibs-autism), who are known to be at high likelihood for autism and language disorder, and a comparison group of toddlers with non-autistic older siblings (Sibs-NA).

Method: Participants were 51 toddlers (29 Sibs-autism, 22 Sibs-NA) aged 12-18 months at the first time point in the study (Time 1). Toddlers were seen again 9 months later (Time 2).

Trends in Faculty Tenure Status and Diversity in Academic Radiology Departments in the United States.

Background: Faculty tenure at U.S. medical schools has become less commonplace over the last several decades.

Neurohospitalist Core Competencies.

The Neurohospitalist Core Competencies comprise a set of competency-based learning objectives that encapsulate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of neurohospitalitists who specialize in the care of hospitalized patients with neurologic conditions. These competencies serve to characterize the rapidly expanding field of neurohospitalist medicine. The 27 chapters are divided into 3 sections entitled: neurological conditions, clinical interventions and interpretation of ancillary studies, and neurohospitalist role in the healthcare system.

Surgical Site Infections in Simultaneous Colorectal and Liver Resections for Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major driver of morbidity after combined liver and colorectal surgery for metastatic colorectal cancer. Available literature is inadequate to characterize risk factors and benchmarks for quality improvement.

Methods: Consecutive cases of simultaneous liver and colorectal surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma from November 2013 through September 2022 were reviewed for SSIs per National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) criteria.

Two-stage glenohumeral fusion for the paralytic shoulder.

Background: Shoulder fusion after nerve injury can improve overall arm function; however, high revision and low patient satisfaction rates have been described. The purpose of this study is to describe a 2-stage shoulder fusion, first pinning in a position of function and then converting to a shoulder fusion. Our hypothesis is that temporary pinning improves overall satisfaction after shoulder fusion in comparison to satisfaction reported in the literature.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Perceived Stigma in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Real-World, US, Web-Based Survey.

Background And Aims: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and stigma perceptions. Therefore, we examined the real-world impact of EoE on the daily life and ability to function in adolescents (caregiver-reported) and adults with EoE in the United States of America in a noninterventional, cross-sectional, web-based survey.

Methods: HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (domains: vitality and social functioning) and the European Health Interview Survey (domain: sleep).

Diagnosis and Management of Thoracolumbar Spinal Disorders Presenting as Cardiac, Gastrointestinal, and Other False Pain Syndromes.

Summary Of Background Data: Although pseudoangina is most commonly caused by cervical disc herniation, several cases have been described where thoracic herniation produced symptoms of pseudoangina. If thoracic herniation can produce angina-like pain, then it is important to consider whether pathology of the thoracolumbar spine, in general, can trigger false pain syndromes distinct from pseudoangina.

Objective: We seek to provide the most comprehensive study regarding the diagnosis and treatment of spinal conditions causing false pain syndromes.

Operative times and outcomes of complex endovascular repairs of thoracoabdominal aneurysms.

Background: Owing to the significant morbidity and mortality of open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, complex endovascular repairs have become increasingly common, but still carry substantial risk. These repairs require large-bore access, with resultant pelvic and lower extremity ischemia. We, therefore, hypothesized that operative timing would be associated with outcomes, because efficient surgery would limit the ischemic time as well as anesthesia time.

Comparison of open and endovascular repair of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare perioperative and 5-year outcomes following endovascular (FEVAR) and open repair (OAR) of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (cAAAs) in males and females separately, given the known sex-related differences in perioperative outcomes.

Methods: We studied all elective cAAA repairs between 2014 and 2019 in the Vascular Implant Surveillance and Interventional Outcomes Network (VISION) registry. We stratified patients based on sex.

Curriculum Research: Disseminating Neuropalliative Care Education Through an Adaptable Curriculum: A Multisite Feasibility Trial.

Introduction And Problem Statement: Neurologic disease is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. As the global population ages, the burden of these diseases is expected to increase. Despite this increased clinical need, neurology trainees are seldom taught skills and concepts in palliative care.

Abdominal pain: update on emergency department management of appendicitis and diverticulitis.

Abdominal pain is one of the most common presenting complaints to the emergency department, and appendicitis and diverticulitis are common causes. Intra-abdominal infections have historically been managed with admission to the hospital, antibiotics, and surgical interventions, and best-practice pathways are an important part of quality programs. Advances in diagnostics and management, supported with outcome data, are impacting care pathways.