Principal investigator gender and clinical trial success: analysis of over 3000 obstetrics and gynecology trials.

Background: In obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) research, gender disparities permeate through leadership, funding, promotion, mentorship, publishing, compensation, and publicity. Few studies have investigated OBGYN clinical trial leadership as it relates to investigator gender. Thus, we undertook an investigation of principal investigator (PI) gender and clinical trial success.

Antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma: current status and future.

Purpose Of Review: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are quickly becoming frontline standard of care in many tumor types, including urothelial carcinoma. This review summarizes recent clinical investigations into the use of ADCs targeting nectin-4, trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 (Trop-2), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), and other antigens in urothelial carcinoma.

Recent Findings: This review covers efficacy and toxicity data of ADCs alone and in combination with immunotherapy; mechanisms of resistance; and preclinical studies that provide biological basis for clinical approaches.

Examining Healthy Lifestyles as a Mediator of the Association Between Socially Determined Vulnerabilities and Incident Heart Failure.

Background: Increased burden of socially determined vulnerabilities (SDV), which include nonmedical conditions that contribute to patient health, is associated with incident heart failure (HF). Mediators of this association have not been examined. We aimed to determine if a healthy lifestyle mediates the association between SDV and HF.

Local and systemic biodistribution of a small-molecule radiopharmaceutical probe after transcatheter embolization and intra-arterial delivery in a porcine orthotopic renal tumor model.

Background: Small-molecule biomacromolecules target tumor-specific antigens. They are employed as theranostic agents for imaging and treatment. Intravenous small-molecule radioligands exhibit rapid tumor uptake and excretion.

The U.S. Radiologist Workforce: Expert Panel Narrative Review.

The U.S. radiologist workforce has experienced periods of growth as well as stagnation and downturns, with concerns of radiologist oversupply during tight job markets followed by perceived workforce shortages.

Clarithromycin for improved clinical outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia: A subgroup analysis of the ACCESS trial.

Background: In the ACCESS trial, the addition of clarithromycin to standard-of-care antibiotics (SoC) enhanced early clinical response and attenuated the inflammatory burden in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalisation. A post-hoc analysis was performed to investigate the benefit in specific subgroups.

Methods: The primary endpoint comprised two conditions to be met during the first 72 h: ≥50% decrease in respiratory symptom severity score; and any of ≥30% decrease in sequential organ failure assessment score and favourable change in the kinetics of procalcitonin (PCT, defined as ≥80% PCT decrease or PCT <0.

The Emerging Role of Alarmin-Targeting Biologics in the Treatment of Patients With COPD.

Topic Importance: COPD is a complex, heterogeneous lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation secondary to airways and parenchymal abnormalities, and respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea, fatigue, chronic cough, and sputum production. Cigarette smoke exposure is a major contributor to COPD; however, inhalation of toxic particles and other environmental and host factors can contribute to its genesis. Over time, the clinical course is frequently punctuated by exacerbations that further accelerate lung function decline and increase exacerbation risk.

Analysis of Concordance Between Next-Generation Sequencing Assessment of Microsatellite Instability and Immunohistochemistry-Mismatch Repair From Solid Tumors.

Purpose: The new CAP guideline published in August 2022 recommends using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to test for mismatch repair defects in gastroesophageal (GE), small bowel (SB), or endometrial carcinoma (EC) cancers over next-generation sequencing assessment of microsatellite instability (NGS-MSI) for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy eligibility and states there is a preference to use IHC over NGS-MSI in colorectal carcinoma (CRC).

Methods: We assessed the concordance of NGS-MSI and IHC-MMR from a very large cohort across the spectrum of solid tumors.

Results: Of the over 190,000 samples with both NGS-MSI and IHC-MMR about 1,160 were initially flagged as discordant.

The Burden of Plastic Surgery in Rural Kenya: The Kapsowar Hospital Experience.

Purpose: Both governmental and nongovernmental training programs are expanding efforts to train the next generation of plastic surgeons who will work in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Sufficient training is dependent on acquiring the appropriate skillset for these contexts. Few studies have characterized the spectrum of practice of plastic surgeons in LMICs and their relative disparity.

Nodal Burden and Oncologic Outcomes in Patients With Residual Isolated Tumor Cells After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (ypN0i+): The OPBC-05/ICARO Study.

Purpose: The nodal burden of patients with residual isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (ypN0i+) is unknown, and axillary management is not standardized. We investigated rates of additional positive lymph nodes (LNs) at axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and oncologic outcomes in patients with ypN0i+ treated with and without ALND.

Methods: The Oncoplastic Breast Consortium-05/ICARO cohort study (ClinicalTrials.

Widespread pain phenotypes impact treatment efficacy results in randomized clinical trials for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain network study.

Pain clinical trials are notoriously complex and often inefficient in demonstrating efficacy, even for known efficacious treatments. A major issue is the difficulty in the a priori identification of specific phenotypes to include in the study population. Recent work has identified the extent of widespread pain as an important determinant of the likelihood of response to therapy, but it has not been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS).

Trends, Predictors, and Outcomes of Bleeding Complications After Mitral Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: TVT Registry Insights.

Background: Bleeding events after arterial transcatheter procedures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The frequency and clinical implications of bleeding after mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) have not been well-studied.

Objectives: The authors sought to explore the association of in-hospital bleeding events after M-TEER with patient outcomes.

A public health/hospital partnership to improve Emergency Department transitions of care for vulnerable older adults.

Background: Community-dwelling older adults are at high risk for unmet social service needs. We describe a novel partnership embedding county services case managers in the Emergency Department (ED) to connect older adults to community services alongside their medical care.

Methods: Setting: A medium-sized urban ED with 55,000 patient visits a year.

Medial Closing Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Accurately Corrects Genu Valgum without Iatrogenic Deformity or Complications: A Consecutive Series of Thirty-one Procedures.

Introduction: Angular deformities of the tibia and femur lead to mechanical axis deviation (MAD) of the lower limb and malorientation of the joints adjacent to the deformity. The current study analyses the outcomes of using a medial closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (MCWHTO) for the management of genu valgum with high medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and combined MCWHTO with lateral opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOWDFO) in the setting of concomitant genu varum with low lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA).

Methods: There were 18 high tibial osteotomy (HTO)-only and 13 combined HTO + distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) procedures performed.

Mental health help-seeking willingness among U.S. college students: A resilience factor associated with many sexual minority identities.

Background: For populations with elevated mental health risks such as college students and minority groups, understanding openness to seeking professional help can inform ways to improve service engagement. This study explores help-seeking willingness among U.S.

Trends in Active Surveillance for Men With Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Initial management of intermediate-risk prostate cancer is evolving, with no clear recommendation for treatment. Data on utilization of active surveillance for patients with newly diagnosed intermediate-risk prostate cancer may help clarify emerging trends.

Objective: To further characterize US national trends of initial management of intermediate-risk prostate cancer.