Young individuals with stroke in rehabilitation: a cohort study.

Stroke in younger populations is a public health crisis and the prevalence is rising. Little is known about the progress of younger individuals with stroke in rehabilitation. Characterization of the course and speed of recovery is needed so that rehabilitation professionals can set goals and make decisions.

Acute limb ischemia in a cancer patient has high morbidity, high mortality, and atypical presentation: a tertiary cancer center's retrospective study.

Background: Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI) carries a high morbidity and mortality rate that is compounded in the cancer patient. Though it is a relatively uncommon event, it is of extremely high adverse impact and carries poor awareness among clinicians.

Methods: Retrospective review of electronic medical records was performed of cancer patients presenting with acute limb ischemia (ALI) to the tertiary cancer center's urgent care center or as inpatient between January 1, 2014 and January 1, 2020.

Mortality, sepsis, and organ failure in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis vary by type of infection.

Background And Aim: Infection is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis, but presumably, not all infections carry the same risk of mortality. We compared outcomes of different sites of infection in a nationally representative sample of inpatients with cirrhosis.

Methods: We queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database for patients with cirrhosis from 2011 to 2014.

Reversal of emphysema by restoration of pulmonary endothelial cells.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is marked by airway inflammation and airspace enlargement (emphysema) leading to airflow obstruction and eventual respiratory failure. Microvasculature dysfunction is associated with COPD/emphysema. However, it is not known if abnormal endothelium drives COPD/emphysema pathology and/or if correcting endothelial dysfunction has therapeutic potential.

The Safety and Efficacy of Desmopressin in Patients With Intracranial Hemorrhage and a History of Alcohol Use.

Background: Patients with a history of alcohol use disorder are at an increased risk of hematoma expansion following intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) due to the effects of alcohol on platelet aggregation. Desmopressin (DDAVP) improves platelet aggregation and may decrease hematoma expansion in patients with ICH. However, DDAVP may also increase the risk of hyponatremia and thrombotic events.

Compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in pediatric subspecialists during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore factors contributing to compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), and compassion satisfaction (CS) during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic in pediatric subspecialists.

Methods: The Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction Self-Test (CFST) and a questionnaire of personal/professional characteristics were distributed electronically to pediatric subspecialists.

Results: There were no significant differences in pre- and early-pandemic CF, BO, and CS scores.

Treatment of Persistent Cough in Subjects with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) with Gefapixant, a P2X3 Antagonist, in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Chronic cough is a highly problematic symptom for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); limited therapeutic options are available. We evaluated gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of chronic cough in IPF.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study included subjects with IPF.

Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Fibrolamellar Carcinoma Using Patient-Derived Xenografts and Direct-from-Patient Screening.

To repurpose therapeutics for fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC), we developed and validated patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from surgical resections. Most agents used clinically and inhibitors of oncogenes overexpressed in FLC showed little efficacy on PDX. A high-throughput functional drug screen found primary and metastatic FLC were vulnerable to clinically available inhibitors of TOPO1 and HDAC and to napabucasin.

Simulation of superselective catheterization for cerebrovascular lesions using a virtual injection software.

Background: This report addresses the feasibility of virtual injection software based on contrast-enhanced cone-beam CTs (CBCTs) in the context of cerebrovascular lesion embolization. Intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM), dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and mycotic aneurysm embolization cases with CBCTs performed between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Cerebrovascular lesions were reviewed by 2 neurointerventionalists using a dedicated virtual injection software (EmboASSIST, GE Healthcare; Chicago, IL).

Cyclosporine-Induced Kaposi Sarcoma in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus-8. Gastrointestinal KS has been well documented in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant patients, with only 26 iatrogenic cases published in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We report a 24-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis, maintained on cyclosporine for 2 years, who presented with watery, nonbloody diarrhea and weight loss.

Gene expression profiling impacts treatment decision making in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in the prospective PROMMIS trial.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy associated with several risk factors including genetic aberrations which impact disease response and survival. Thorough risk classification is essential to select the best clinical strategy to optimize outcomes. The SKY92 molecular signature classifies patients as standard- or high-risk for progression.

Antibody Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Messenger RNA Vaccination in Pregnant Women and Transplacental Passage Into Cord Blood.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in pregnancy induces a robust maternal immune response, with transplacental antibody transfer detectable in cord blood as early as 16 days after the first dose.

Utilization and Outcomes of Cholecystostomy and Cholecystectomy in Patients Admitted With Acute Cholecystitis: A Nationwide Analysis.

The purpose of this study was to report national utilization trends and outcomes after percutaneous cholecystostomy, cholecystectomy, or no intervention among patients admitted to hospitals with acute cholecystitis. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried from 2005 to 2014. Admissions were identified and stratified into treatment groups of percutaneous cholecystostomy, cholecystectomy, and no intervention on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, codes.

Protecting the tracheal tube cuff: a novel solution.

We describe the successful insertion of a nasotracheal tube following repeated cuff rupture. The patient was a 55-year-old woman with a history of nasal trauma and multiple rhinoplasties, who underwent elective Lefort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for correction of skeletal facial deformity. During fiberoptic bronchoscope-guided nasal intubation after the induction of general anesthesia, the tracheal tube repeatedly ruptured in both nares, despite extensive preparation of the nasal airways.

Black Patients Have Unequal Access to Listing for Liver Transplantation in the United States.

Background And Aims: The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score may have eliminated racial disparities on the waitlist for liver transplantation (LT), but disparities prior to waitlist placement have not been adequately quantified. We aimed to analyze differences in patients who are listed for LT, undergo transplantation, and die from end-stage liver disease (ESLD), stratified by state and race/ethnicity.

Approach And Results: We analyzed two databases retrospectively, the Center for Disease Control Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) and the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) databases, from 2014 to 2018.

Effect of timing of intubation on clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized cohort studies.

Background: Although several international guidelines recommend early over late intubation of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this issue is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the effect (if any) of timing of intubation on clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched, while references and preprint servers were explored, for relevant articles up to December 26, 2020, to identify studies which reported on mortality and/or morbidity of patients with COVID-19 undergoing early versus late intubation.

Polysomnography use in complex term and preterm infants to facilitate evaluation and management in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Study Objectives: (1) To determine the characteristics of term and preterm infants for whom polysomnography (PSG) was used as a primary diagnostic tool in infants with recurrent desaturation episodes, suspected obstructive apnea, or both, and the prevalence of abnormal studies. (2) To identify the interventions following PSGs. (3) To assess the added value of airway and swallow evaluations.

Impact of lung morphology on clinical outcomes with riociguat in patients with pulmonary hypertension and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: A post hoc subgroup analysis of the RISE-IIP study.

Background: Riociguat in Patients with Symptomatic Pulmonary Hypertension associated with Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (RISE-IIP), a randomized, controlled, phase 2b trial of riociguat for pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, was terminated early due to increased mortality in riociguat-treated patients. Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients demonstrated a low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL) with preserved lung volumes at baseline, suggesting the presence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in some patients. This post hoc analysis of RISE-IIP was undertaken to explore lung morphology, assessed by high-resolution computed tomography, and associated clinical outcomes.