The majority of patients with resectable incidental lung cancers are ineligible for lung cancer screening.

Objective: The study objective was to determine what proportion of asymptomatic patients had resectable lung cancer detected through lung cancer screening versus incidentally.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent resection for lung cancer between January 2015 and December 2020. We then assessed whether asymptomatic patients with incidentally found lung cancers were eligible for lung cancer screening using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, United States Preventive Services Task Force, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, American College of Chest Physicians, American Cancer Society, and American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines.

Racial Disparity in Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Inpatient Pediatric Admissions.

This study aims to evaluate if race and ethnicity affect rates of tympanostomy tube (TT) placement during inpatient pediatric admissions in children with otologic conditions. A review of the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database was conducted based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes for common otologic conditions. Among 85 827 weighted pediatric inpatient discharges with ICD-10-CM codes for common otologic conditions, 213 underwent TT placement.

Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging.

Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis.

A Distinct Nasal Microbiota Signature in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Rationale & Objective: The nasal passages harbor both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we sought to characterize the anterior nasal microbiota in PD patients using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Transcriptomic analysis predicts the risk of progression of premalignant lesions in human tongue.

The 5-year survival rate for patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), including tongue SCC, has not significantly improved over the last several decades. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), including oral dysplasias, are oral epithelial disorders that can develop into oral SCCs. To identify molecular characteristics that might predict conversion of OPMDs to SCCs and guide treatment plans, we performed global transcriptomic analysis of human tongue OPMD (n = 9) and tongue SCC (n = 11) samples with paired normal margin tissue from patients treated at Weill Cornell Medicine.

Radiomic Analysis to Predict Histopathologically Confirmed Pseudoprogression in Glioblastoma Patients.

Purpose: Pseudoprogression mimicking recurrent glioblastoma remains a diagnostic challenge that may adversely confound or delay appropriate treatment or clinical trial enrollment. We sought to build a radiomic classifier to predict pseudoprogression in patients with primary isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type glioblastoma.

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively examined a training cohort of 74 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type glioblastomas with brain magnetic resonance imaging including dynamic contrast enhanced T1 perfusion before resection of an enhancing lesion indeterminate for recurrent tumor or pseudoprogression.

Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on pediatric subspecialists' well-being and perception of workplace value.

Objective: To explore pediatric subspecialist distress and well-being during the pandemic, with a particular focus on relationships between compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), and compassion satisfaction (CS), and physicians' perception of "feeling valued" by their institution.

Methods: The Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction Self-Test and a questionnaire of personal/professional characteristics were distributed electronically to pediatric subspecialists. Content analysis was performed for responses to the question "How has your institution made you feel valued?"

Results: During the 16-month study period, CF and BO scores significantly increased, and CS scores decreased over time.

Distinct Laboratory Test Result Profiles Between SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonable Influenza Infected Patients.

Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses are contagious respiratory pathogens with similar symptoms but require different treatment and management strategies. This study investigated the differences in laboratory test result profiles between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infected patients upon presentation to emergency department (ED).

Methods: Laboratory test results and demographic information from 723 influenza positive (2018/1/1 to 2020/3/15) and 1,281 SARS-CoV-2 positive (2020/3/11 to 2020/6/30) ED patients were retrospectively analyzed.

Dam-Infant Rhesus Macaque Pairs to Dissect Age-Dependent Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a pandemic of unprecedented scale. An intriguing feature of the infection is the minimal disease in most children, a demographic at higher risk for other respiratory viral diseases. To investigate age-dependent effects of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, we inoculated two rhesus macaque monkey dam-infant pairs with SARS-CoV-2 and conducted virological and transcriptomic analyses of the respiratory tract and evaluated systemic cytokine and Ab responses.

Single-inhaler triple therapy fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol versus dual therapy in current and former smokers with COPD: IMPACT trial post hoc analysis.

Background: Smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In IMPACT, single-inhaler fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) triple therapy significantly reduced moderate/severe exacerbation rates and improved lung function and health status versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI in COPD patients. This post hoc analysis investigated trial outcomes by smoking status.

Clinicians' experience with topical benzydamine and morphine for the management of oral mucositis: adverse effects and barriers.

Introduction: Among the evidence-based agents outlined in the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) mucositis guidelines, benzydamine and morphine are advised for the management of oral mucositis (OM) in certain cancer patients. This study is aimed to collect information from a group of highly experienced healthcare professionals in the field of oral mucositis about their clinical experience with these agents.

Methods: A survey questionnaire about the clinical experience with topical benzydamine and morphine to manage oral mucositis and their related adverse effects (AEs) was electronically distributed to the members of the Mucositis Study Group of MASCC/ISOO.

Pre-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Rituximab for Epstein-Barr Virus and Post-Lymphoproliferative Disorder Prophylaxis in Alemtuzumab Recipients.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and EBV-related post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) are often fatal complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The risk of EBV reactivation may be mitigated by depletion of B cells with rituximab. Starting in January 2020, allo-HSCT recipients undergoing T-cell depletion with alemtuzumab received 1 dose of rituximab before transplantation.

Successful minimally invasive management of adverse events following EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in a suboptimal surgical patient.

Video 1Successful minimally invasive management of adverse events following EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in a suboptimal surgical patient.

Developing the Optimal Osteotome Hand-Sharpening Method.

Rhinoplasty osteotomes can be sharpened in various ways: professional sharpening or hand sharpening using whetstones or rotary powered devices. To compare the effectiveness of sharpening osteotomes using various sharpening methods with that of professional sharpening as measured by a custom edge tester. We performed repeated serial osteotome impacts on bovine femoral cortical bone.

Deceased-Donor Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter Cohort.

Rationale & Objective: Donor acute kidney injury (AKI) activates innate immunity, enhances HLA expression in the kidney allograft, and provokes recipient alloimmune responses. We hypothesized that injury and inflammation that manifested in deceased-donor urine biomarkers would be associated with higher rates of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) and allograft failure after transplantation.

Study Design: Prospective cohort.

Management of Acute Episodes of Clarkson Disease (Monoclonal Gammopathy-Associated Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome) With Intravenous Immunoglobulins.

Monoclonal gammopathy-associated idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (ISCLS, Clarkson disease) is a rare disorder defined by transient but recurrent bouts of hypotensive shock and anasarca resulting from plasma extravasation. Although prophylactic treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG, 1-2 g/kg/mo) prevents most disease flares, its utility for acute episodes of ISCLS is unclear. Here, we report the results of a retrospective study of subjects with acute ISCLS treated at or near the onset of symptoms with IVIG.

Time-Dependent Risk of Cardiovascular Events Following an Exacerbation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Post Hoc Analysis From the IMPACT Trial.

Background The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and increased cardiovascular event risk has not been adequately studied in a heterogenous population with both low and high cardiovascular risk. Methods and Results This post hoc analysis of the IMPACT (Informing the Pathway of COPD Treatment) trial (N=10 355 symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at risk of exacerbations) evaluated time-dependent risk of cardiovascular adverse events of special interest (CVAESI) following exacerbations and impact of exacerbation history, cardiovascular risk factors, and study treatment on this association. Risk (time-to-first) of CVAESI or CVAESI resulting in hospitalization or death was assessed during and 1 to 30, 31 to 90, and 91 to 365 days after resolution of moderate or severe exacerbations.

Renal Sarcoma: A Population-Based Study.

Introduction: Renal sarcomas are exceedingly rare and lack a prognostic stage classification. We thus aimed to investigate the contemporary clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of renal sarcomas at a national level.

Patients And Methods: We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to extract data on patients with renal sarcoma diagnosed between 2004 and 2015.