Contribution of cognitive status on admission to mobility and balance at discharge from acute rehabilitation for stroke.

Acute inpatient rehabilitation is crucial for improving mobility and balance for individuals with stroke. A potentially important factor in the recovery of mobility and balance is cognition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cognition on mobility and balance in acute stroke rehabilitation.

Cost and Inpatient Burden of Mandible Fracture Management: A 14-Year Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate characteristics associated with increased cost and length of hospitalization of mandible fracture management.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Demographics, injury mechanism, associated injuries, treatment information, and associated costs were collected for all patients treated for mandible fracture treated at a single institution over a 14-year period.

Adjunctive Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Subdural Hematoma.

Background: Subacute and chronic subdural hematomas are common and frequently recur after surgical evacuation. The effect of adjunctive middle meningeal artery embolization on the risk of reoperation remains unclear.

Methods: In a prospective, multicenter, interventional, adaptive-design trial, we randomly assigned patients with symptomatic subacute or chronic subdural hematoma with an indication for surgical evacuation to undergo middle meningeal artery embolization plus surgery (treatment group) or surgery alone (control group).

Periampullary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Pancreatitis.

Periampullary malignancies are uncommon and encompass a wide variety of tumors. Early and accurate biopsy-proven diagnosis is important because different malignancy subtypes warrant different management and treatment plans. We present a unique and rare case of periampullary lymphoma, initially presenting as acute pancreatitis.

Bypass and Ligation of Right Subclavian Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Marfan's Syndrome via Reoperative Partial Upper Median Sternotomy.

Subclavian artery aneurysms are rare and can result in thromboembolism or rupture. We present the case of a 41-year-old man with a history of Marfan's syndrome and multiple previous operations, who presented with an enlarging asymptomatic 5.2 cm right subclavian artery aneurysm and was successfully treated with a hybrid surgical operation.

SurvBal: compositional microbiome balances for survival outcomes.

Summary: Identification of balances of bacterial taxa in relation to continuous and dichotomous outcomes is an increasingly frequent analytic objective in microbiome profiling experiments. SurvBal enables the selection of balances in relation to censored survival or time-to-event outcomes which are of considerable interest in many biomedical studies. The most commonly used survival models-the Cox proportional hazards and parametric survival models are included in the package, which are used in combination with step-wise selection procedures to identify the optimal associated balance of microbiome, i.

Antibiotic subclasses differentially perturb the gut microbiota in kidney transplant recipients.

Introduction: The impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota in kidney transplant recipients is not well characterized. In this study, we determine the impact of different subclasses of antibiotics on the gut microbiota in a cohort of 168 kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: Gut microbiome profiling was performed on 510 fecal specimens using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region.

Dynamic and prognostic proteomic associations with FEV decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Rationale: Identification and validation of circulating biomarkers for lung function decline in COPD remains an unmet need.

Objective: Identify prognostic and dynamic plasma protein biomarkers of COPD progression.

Methods: We measured plasma proteins using SomaScan from two COPD-enriched cohorts, the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcomes Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) and Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene), and one population-based cohort, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Lung.

Clinical utility of CT myelography renal collecting system density in the evaluation of spinal CSF leak or CSF-venous connection in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Introduction: Identifying spontaneous CSF leaks can be difficult on CT myelography (CTM) in patients with suspected spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). The current study compared renal collecting system (RCS) density during CTM in patients with suspected SIH relative to non-SIH controls and evaluated the overall utility as an indirect sign of spontaneous CSF leak in patients with SIH.

Methods: All CTM performed over an 8-year period (n = 392) were retrospectively reviewed and included cases (n = 295) were divided into groups consisting of SIH patients with (n = 35) or without (n = 77) confirmed CSF leak on CTM and non-SIH controls (n = 183).

Impact of C-reactive Protein on Anticoagulation Monitoring in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of inflammation on anticoagulation monitoring for patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Design: Prospective single-center cohort study.

Setting: University-affiliated tertiary care academic medical center.

Blue Ribbon Committee II Faculty Development: Report of the Subcommittee on Faculty Development and Educational Support.

The American College of Surgeons, the American Board of Surgery, and the American Surgical Association have created a Blue Ribbon Committee II to evaluate the current status of surgical education in the United States. As part of this endeavor, a subcommittee was formed to address issues pertinent to the development of surgical faculty as teachers. This entailed multiple discussions among a group of experienced surgical educators, a review of the literature, and a Delphi analysis of possible suggested improvements for faculty educational support, resulting in a final set of recommendations for improvement for future surgical faculty development.

The Association Between Food Security and Mammography Screening: Cross-Sectional Survey Results From the National Health Interview Survey.

Objective: There are limited data about food insecurity within the cancer screening setting. To inform the potential need for food insecurity interventions, our study evaluated the association between food security and mammographic screening among eligible participants.

Methods: Female respondents aged 40 to 74 years in the 2019 National Health Interview Survey without history of breast cancer were included.

Impact of spinal or epidural anaesthesia on perioperative outcomes in adult noncardiac surgery: a narrative review of recent evidence.

Spinal and epidural anaesthesia and analgesia are important anaesthetic techniques, familiar to all anaesthetists and applied to patients undergoing a range of surgical procedures. Although the immediate effects of a well-conducted neuraxial technique on nociceptive and sympathetic pathways are readily observable in clinical practice, the impact of such techniques on patient-centred perioperative outcomes remains an area of uncertainty and active research. The aim of this review is to present a narrative synthesis of contemporary clinical science on this topic from the most recent 5-year period and summarise the foundational scholarship upon which this research was based.

A quantitative comparison of urine centrifugation and filtration for the isolation and analysis of urinary nucleic acid biomarkers.

Urine is a rich source of nucleic acid biomarkers including cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and RNA for monitoring the health of kidney allografts. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether urine filtration can serve as an alternative to the commonly used method of centrifugation to collect urinary fluid and cell pellets for isolating cfDNA and cellular messenger RNA (mRNA). We collected urine specimens from kidney allograft recipients and obtained the urine supernatant and cell pellet from each specimen using both filtration and centrifugation for paired analyses.

Treatment trends and clinical outcomes of endovascular embolization for unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the pediatric population.

Background: Owing to the relative rarity of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in the pediatric population, evidence regarding treatment modalities and clinical outcomes remains limited.

Objective: To characterize the use and clinical outcomes of endovascular therapy (EVT) and microsurgical clipping (MSC) for pediatric UIAs over a two-decade interval using a large national registry.

Methods: Pediatric (<18 years of age) UIA hospitalizations were identified in the National Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2019.

Corticosteroids for infectious critical illness: A multicenter target trial emulation stratified by predicted organ dysfunction trajectory.

Corticosteroids decrease the duration of organ dysfunction in a range of infectious critical illnesses, but their risk and benefit are not fully defined using this construct. This retrospective multicenter study aimed to evaluate the association between usage of corticosteroids and mortality of patients with infectious critical illness by emulating a target trial framework. The study employed a novel stratification method with predictive machine learning (ML) subphenotyping based on organ dysfunction trajectory.

Rapid Critical Care Training for Nurses Deployed to Intensive Care Units During the COVID-19 Surge.

Background: During the first COVID-19 pandemic wave, non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) nurses were deployed to temporary ICUs to provide critical care for the patient surge. A rapid critical care training program was designed to prepare them to care for patients in either temporary or permanent ICUs.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of this training program in preparing non-ICU nurses to provide critical care for COVID-19 patients in temporary ICUs.

The Natural History and Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergies in Children and Adults.

Purpose Of Review: This narrative review explores food allergy prevalence and natural history stratified by life stages, especially in context of evolving knowledge over the last few decades.

Recent Findings: The prevalence of food allergy remains highest in early childhood with common food triggers being cow's milk, soy, hen's egg, wheat, peanut, tree nuts, sesame, fish, and shellfish. This correlates with certain risk factors especially pertinent in the postnatal period which appear to predispose an individual to developing a food allergy.